Toxicology

Applications cis-2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol Benzoate (Ester) is an intermediate in the synthesis of trans-2-​(2,​4-​Dichlorophenyl)​-​2-​(1H-​imidazol-​1-​ylmethyl)​-​1,​3-​dioxolane-​4-​methanol (D431560). trans-2-​(2,​4-​Dichlorophenyl)​-​2-​(1H-​imidazol-​1-​ylmethyl)​-​1,​3-​dioxolane-​4-​methanol is an impurity of Ketoconazole (K186000).
References Ryu, J., et al. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 24, 460 (2003)

Applications Methoxy Cefadroxil is an impurity of Cefadroxil (C235750), a semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic. Antibacterial.
References Buck, R.E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 11, 324 (1977);

Applications N-Desdecanoyl, N-(Undecanoyl) Dapotmycin is an impurity of Daptomycin (D193350), cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic derived from a fermentation product of Streptomyces roseosporus; disrupts plasma membrane function in gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial.
References Allen, N.E., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1093 (1987), Tully, F.P., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 8, 1223 (1999),

Applications (5R)-Flucloxacillin N4-Acetyl Penilloic Acid is an impurity of Flucloxacillin (F419200), a new semisynthetic penicillin.
References Markovich, M., et al.: Antibiot. Med. Biotekhnol., 31, 603 (1986); Rahman, M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 46, 1721 (1993); Silva, D., et al.: Med. Biol. Res., 37, 963 (2004);

Applications Amoxicillin (3-​Ethoxy-​1-​methyl-​3-​oxo-​1-​propenyl)​amino Diethylethanamine is an intermediate in the synthesis of APA Amoxicillin Amide (A634270), which is a derivative of Amoxicillin (A634235), a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin. Antibacterial.
References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994),

Applications 11-Oxo-fluticasone Furoate is an impurity of Fluticasone(F599500); an anti-inflammatory agent and a steroid.
References Meltzer, E. O., et al.: J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 86, 221 (1990), Mitchison, H. C., et al.: Gut, 32, 260 (1991)

Applications 4-Desmethylene-4-hydroxymethyl-efinaconazole is a degradation product and potentially a metabolite of the antifungal drug Efinaconazole (E435070).
References Sugiura, K., et. al.: Antimicrob. Agents CH., 58, 3837 (2014);

Applications An intermediate in the preparation of HIV-integrase inhibitors
References Summa, V., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 5843 (2008),

Applications Ethyl 7-Chloro-4-ethoxy-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Norfloxacin (N681000), which is a Pefloxacin derivative as antibacterial. Fluorinated quinolone antibacterial. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).
References Koga, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 1358 (1980); Hirai, K., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 19, 188 (1981); Holmes, B., et al.: Drugs, 30, 482 (1985)

Applications Stavudine-alpha,alpha,alpha,6-d4 (CAS# 1219803-67-4) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications (±)-Betaxolol-d7 HCl (iso-propyl-d7) (CAS# 1219802-92-2) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications rac-cis-N-Desmethyl Sertraline-d3 hydrochloride is a labelled metabolite of rac-cis-N-Desmethyl sertraline hydrochloride (D292100). N-Desmethyl sertraline is significantly less active analogue as compared to the methylated compound, sertraline.
References Welch, W.M., et al.: J. Med. Chem. 27, 1508 (1984)

Applications (±)-Zopiclone-d3 (N-methyl-d3) (CAS# 1398066-10-8) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.

Applications Diphenyl (Hydroxymethyl)phosphonate is a reagent for the synthesis of amidate prodrugs of novel nucleoside phosphonate HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor GS-9148.
References Mackman, R. L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 18, 3606 (2010)

Applications Clindamycin Palmitate is a semi-synthetic antibiotic with high bioavailability. Clindamycin Palmitate is an antibacterial.
References Platzer, D., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 41, 84 (2006),

Applications Desmethyl Nafcillin Sodium Salt is derived from (+)-6-Aminopenicillanic Acid (A618895), which is the core structure in penicillins, obtained from the fermentation brew of the Penicillium mold. (+)-6-Aminopenicillanic Acid is used as the main starting block for the preparation of numerous semisynthetic penicillins.
References Zel'tser, I.Z. et al.: Gig. Truda Prof. Zabol., 5, 59 (1983); Hamilton-Miller, J.M.T.: Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 31, 189 (2008); Novikova, N.D. et al.: Mikol. Fitopatol., 7, 101 (1973)

Applications Sericic acid is an antioxidant, PDE4A inhibitor, antiinflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial.

Applications Ophenyl-[4”-(Pentyloxy)[1,1’:4’,1”-terphenyl]-4-yl]carbonyl] Anidulafungin is an impurity of Anidulafungin (A673000) which is used as an antifungal drug.
References Denning, D. W., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother, 40, 611 (1997); Vazquez, J. A., et al.: Clin. Ther., 27(6), 657 (2005);

Applications 1,9-Dihydro-9-[[2-hydroxy-1-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)diphenylmethoxy]methyl]ethoxy]methyl]-2-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)diphenylmethyl]amino]-6H-purin-6-one is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Ganciclovir Triphosphate Triethylamine Salt (G235030), which is an inhibitor of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase and has shown potent antiviral activity against herpes viruses and hepadnaviruses.
References Rubsam, L.Z., et al.: Cancer. Res., 59, 669 (1999); Shaw, T., et al.: Hepatol., 24, 996 (1996);

Applications 4-Chloro-3-fluorobenzoic Acid is a very useful precursor. It is a reagent used to synthesize 6-Hydroxy Albaconazole (H761395) which is a metabolite of Albaconazole (A511450), an antifungal agent as neuroprotectant.
References Pujol, I., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 39, 163 (1997), Gilgado, F., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 43, 4930 (2005), Raad, I., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 42, 1398 (2006), Nucci, M., et al.: Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 20, 695 (2007),

Impurity Aztreonam
Applications Ethanol Ring-opened Aztreonam is an Aztreonam (A965200) in-house impurity 1. Aztreonam is the first totally synthetic monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic.
References Sykes, R.B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 21, 85 (1982), Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 1 (1988),