Toxicology

Applications (9E)-9-[O-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonyl]oxime] Erythromycin is an intermediate in the synthesis of Erythromycin A 9,11-Imino Ether (E650025). Erythromycin A 9,11-Imino Ether is an impurity in the synthesis of Erythromycin (E649950), a macrolide antibiotic with broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.
References Zhang, L. et al.: J. Antibio., 64, 243 (2011); Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979)

Applications Isopropyl 2-Furoate is used in the preparation of heteroarenecarboxylates.
References Luo, Wenkun. et al., Org. Lett. 22, 2093-2098(2019);

Applications Intermediate for the preparation of Naratriptan and other indole sulfonamide derivatives.

Applications 1-(3-Chloro-2-methylpropyl)-4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)benzene is a useful synthetic intermediate in the synthesis of Amorolfine Hydrochloride (A634170); a morpholine antifungal drug and topical solution for the treatment of toenail infections. 1-(3-Chloro-2-methylpropyl)-4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)benzene is also used in the preparation of Fenpropidin (F249470); a fungicide.
References Rotta, I., et al.: JAMA Dermatol., 149, 341 (2013); Espinel-Ingroff, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 26, 5 (1984); Broger, E.A., et al.: Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 492401 A1 19920701. Jul 1, 1992; Leroux, P. Walker, A.: Eur. J. Plant Path., 135, 683 (2013); Zhao, H., et. al.: Ecotox. Environ. Safe., 77, 52 (2012)

Applications N'-Boc,N,N'-Desethylene Iso Gatifloxacin Anhydride with Diacetyl Borate is an impurity of Gatifloxacin (G250000), an antibacterial agent.
References Bauernfeind, A.: J. Antimicro. Chemother., 40, 639 (1997), Fukuda, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 1917 (1998),

Applications Nucleosides as antiviral agent for the treatment of influenza; broad-spectrum inhibitor of viruses in the Flaviviridae family.
References Sidwell, R.W., et al.: Appl. Microbiol., 22, 797 (1971), Allen, B., et al.: J. Med. Che,., 18, 721 (1976),

Applications t-Butyldimethylsilyl Tylosin is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Tylosin-d3 (T947652), which is labelled Tylosin (T947650). Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic isolated from a strain of Streptomycetes fradiae found in soil from Thailand. Antibacterial.
References Hamill, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 11, 328 (1961), Corcoran, J.W., et al.: J. Antibiot., 30, 1012 (1977), Seno, E.T., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 11, 455 (1977),

Applications Isolopinavir is a metabolite of Lopinavir (L469480); a selective HIV protease inhibitor and antiviral.
References Sham, H.L., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 3218 (1998); Kumar, G.N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 86 (1999); Murphy, R.L., et al.: Antiviral Ther., 4, Suppl. 3, 85 (1999)

Applications 2-[(1S,2S)-1-Ethyl-2-(phenylmethoxy)propyl]hydrazine is an impurity of Posaconazole (P689600), which is orally active triazole antifungal.
References Cacciapuoti, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44, 2017 (2000); Herbrecht, R., et al.: Int. J. Clin. Pract., 58, 612 (2004); Panackal, A., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 44, 1740 (2006);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications N-Methylazetidin-3-amine Dihydrochloride is a useful reagent for synthesis of novel oxazine and thiazine ring-​fused tricyclic quinolonecarboxylic acids, which are good bactericides.
References Okada, T., et al.: J. Heterocycl. Chem., 28, 1067 (1991);

Impurity Lopinavir Impurity
Applications 4,5-Dehydro(pyrimidin-2(1H)-one) Lopinavir is an impurity of Lopinavir (L469480); a selective HIV protease inhibitor and antiviral. It is a COVID19-related research product.
References Sham, H.L., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 3218 (1998); Kumar, G.N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 86 (1999); Murphy, R.L., et al.: Antiviral Ther., 4, Suppl. 3, 85 (1999)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications An antibiotic related to Cephalosporin, used in the treatment of bacterial infections.
References Ahmed, A., et al.: Vet. Microbiol., 136, 397 (2009), Kim, M., et al.: J. Bacteriol. Virol., 39, 29 (2009), Fourches, D., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 23, 171 (2010),

Applications 4-(5-Bromothiophen-2-yl)benzonitrile (CAS# 415718-60-4) is a useful research chemical compound.

Applications Rilpivirine Amadori rearrangement Product II is an impurity of Rilpivirine(R509800) which is a novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Rilpivirine seems to be well tolerated with less CNS disturbance than Efavirenz, and has non-teratogenic potential. An anti-HIV agent.
References Sun, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 4648

Applications Bisphenol AP Mono-β-D-glucuronide is a metabolite of Bisphenol AP (B519485), which is used to prepare triphenylmethane derivatives as inhibitors of hepatitis C virus helicase. Bisphenol AP is a derivative of Bisphenol A (B519495) which is a monomer used for policarbonate and epoxy resins.
References Krishnan, A.V., et al.: Endocrinology, 132, 2279 (1993); Steinmetz, R., et al.: Trends Endocrinol. Metab., 9, 124 (1998); Petersen, H., et al.: Eur. Food Res. Technol., 216, 355 (2003); Chen, C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 2716 (2009);

Applications (1R,​4S)​-3-​Oxo-2-​azabicyclo[2.2.1]​hept-​5-​ene-​2-​carboxylic acid 1,​1-​Dimethylethyl Ester is an intermediate in synthesizing ent-Abacavir (Abacavir EP Impurity A) (A105015), an enatiomer of Abacavir (A105000). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.

Applications 5-Amino-1-N-methylindole (CAS# 102308-97-4) is an indole derivative and building block, used in the copper-catalyzed synthesis of sulfonamides.
References Chen, Y.; et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 140, 8781 (2018);

Applications 2-methoxy-3-pyridinesulfonyl chloride is patented as a reactant used to prepare erythromycin macrolide antibiotics as antibacterial and antiprotozoal agents.

Applications 4-(2-Propyn-1-yloxy) Trimethoprim is an analog of T795615, which is an antibacterial compound and a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).
References Manius, G.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 445 (1978), Roth, B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 379 (1980), Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 23, 405 (1982),

Applications Ganciclovir derivative.
References Albers, E., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 81, 756 (1992), Dias, C., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 91, 6607 (2002), Macha, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 670 (2002),

Applications Sofosbuvir (R)-Phosphate is an impurity of PSI-7977 (P839640), a prodrug that is metabolized to the active antiviral agent 2'-deoxy-2'-α-fluoro-β-C-methyluridine-5'-monophosphate and is currently being investigated in phase 3 clinical trials for the treatment of hepatitis C. Studies have profiled PSI-7977 as a nucleotide inhibitor of hepatitis C virus, exerting selective inhibitory effects towards HCV NS5B polymerase.
References Lam, A.M.,et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemotherapy., 56, 3359 (2012); Lam, A.M., et al.: J. Virol., 85, 12334 (2011); Sofia, M.J., et al.: J. Medn. Chem., 53, 7202 (2010)

Applications Mangiferin is a xanthonoid, a chemical compound found in mangoes and in Anemarrhena asphodeloides rhizomes. Mangiferin has effect of hepatinica and choleretic, and is used to therapy hepatitis. Mangiferin is an anti-inflammatory, antivirotic, central nervous system inhibit function and immunologic suppression. Mangiferin has curative effect on chronic bronchitis. Mangiferin has cytotoxicity effect on hepatocellularcarcinoma ce1l, and may induce apoptosis. Mangiferin has the effect of antioxidation and delaying caducity.
References Tawab, M., et al.; Drug Metab. Dispos., 31, 1065 (2003), Yim, J., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27, 1580 (2004), Kim, Y., et al.: J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 18, 1109 (2008), Joh, E., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 82, 278 (2011),

Applications 2,5-Thiazolylmethyl Diacarbonate is an impurity of Ritonavir (R535000), a selective HIV protease inhibitor.
References Daluge, S., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 38, 1590 (1994); Ammaranond, P., et al.: J. Clin. Virol., 26, 153 (2003); Harrigan, P., et al.: J. Infect. Dis., 191, 339 (2005); Miller, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 1788 (2006); Koppala, S., et al.: J. Chromatogr. Sci., 53, 662 (2015);

Stability Temperature Sensitive
Applications Antibiotic A21 is a new polyene macrolide Amphotericin amide antibiotic with antimycotic effectiveness.
References Flores-Romero, J. D., et al.: Org. Process Res. Dev., 20, 1529 (2016), Antillon, A., et al.: PLoS One, 11, 9 (2016)

Applications N-Hydroxy-methyl Methoxy Tenofovir Alfenamide is an impurity of Tenofovir (T018500) which is an acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue and reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is used as an anti-HIV agent. Antiviral.
References Shaw, J.-P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997); Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005), Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006), Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007);

Applications Zinc salicylate trihydrate (CAS# 16283-36-6) is a useful research chemical compound.

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 4-Chloro-5-chlorosulfonyl Salicylic acid is used in the synthesis of Xipamide (X745150), a diuretic agent.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Liebenow, W., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 25, 240 (1975),

Applications A novel C-11 epoxy fatty acid, from timothy chokes, stromata of E. typhina, has antifungal activity against Cladosporium herbarum.
References Koshino, H., et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 53, 2527 (1989),