Toxicology

Impurity Artemether USP Related Compound B
Applications Derivative of Artemisinin (A777500). Shows antimalarial and antifungal activity.
References Michael, O., et al.: Malaria J., 9, 335 (2010), Cesar, I., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 54, 114 (2011), Galal, A. et al.: J. Nat. Prod. 68, 1274 (2005)

Applications Derivative of Artemisinin (A777500). Antimalarial, used to treat strains of malaria which are multi-drug resistant.
References Hombhanje, F., et al.: Pharma., 3, 3581 (2010), Michael, O., et al.: Malaria J., 9, 335 (2010), Cesar, I., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 54, 114 (2011),

Applications Dihydro Artemisinin (D448360) dimer with anticancer and antiprotozoal activity.
References Galal, A. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 17, 741 (2009); Beekman, A. et al.: Phytother. Res., 10, 140 (1996)

Applications Dihydro-ergotoxine Methanesulfonate has been used to treat dementia and age-related cognitive impairment (such as in Alzheimer disease).
References Flynn, B., et al.: Ann. Pharmacother., 33, 188 (1999); Burian, E.: J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 22, 126 (1974)

Applications Estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi commonly found in grains. One of a group of compounds known as resorcylic acid lactones.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Tanaka, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 36, 979 (1988), Hamilton, S., et al.: Anticancer Res., 16, 3597 (1996), Hecht, S., et al.: Cancer Lett., 150, 49 (2000), Hussein, H., et al.: Toxicology, 167, 101 (2001), Lim, H., et al.: J. Immunol., 175, 4180 (2005),

Applications Cilastatin Sulfoxide is a derivative of Cilastatin (C441100), prevents renal metabolism of penem and carbapenem antibiotics by specific and reversible dehydropeptidase I inhibition. Antibacterial adjunct.
References Finlay, K.R., et al.: Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci., 24, 1147 (1983), Norrby, S.R., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 23, 300 (1983), Washburn, D.E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 12, 39 (1983),

Applications Tetrahydro-5-methyl-2-furanol 2-Benzoate is an intermediate in synthesizing 2,3-Dihydro-2-methylfuran (D447355), which is a general reagent used in next generation of biofuels. Dihydrofuranyl derivative.
References Simmie, J. et al.: J. Phys Chem., 116, 4528 (2012);

Applications Isotope labelled Arachidonoyl-L-carnitine, a biomarker in early diagnoses for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
References Guasch-Ferre, M. et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 103, 1408 (2016);

Applications A metabolite of Aflatoxin B1; a hepatocarcinogen in many animal models and probably a human carcinogen. It is produced by the predominant forms of cytochrome P 450 enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of AFB1. It shows potential predictive value as a marker for exposure and risk of dietary aflatoxins.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Mykkaenen, H., et al.: Int. J. Cancer, 115, 879 (2005); Van Vleet, T.R. et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 65, 853 (2002);

Impurity Itraconazole EP Impurity B
Applications (1,2,4-Triazol-4-yl) Itraconazole (Itraconazole EP Impurity B) is an isomer of Itraconazole. It is a COVID19-related research product.

Applications 2-(Sulfoacetamido) Dimoxystrobin Acetic Acid is a metabolite of Dimoxystrobin (D480530) a pesticide component used for its antifungal activity.
References Hvezdova, M. et al.: Sci. Total. Env., 613-614, 361 (2018);

Applications epi-Aflatoxin Q1 is the 3R-epimer of Aflatoxin Q1 (A357530). epi-Aflatoxin Q1 is the less soluble isomer of Aflatoxin Q1 and is identical with the natural metabolite of Aflatoxin Q1.Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Mykkaenen, H. et al.: Int. J. Cancer, 115, 879 (2005); Van Vleet, T.R. et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 65, 853 (2002);

Applications Flurazepam Dihydrochloride is used as an sedative, hypnotic. This is a controlled substance (depressant).
References Sternbach, L.H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 8, 815 (1965); Schwartz, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 11, 770, (1968); Armagnac, et al.: Therapie, 26, 439 (1971); Ganjali, M., et al.: Curr. Pharm. Anal., 5, 28 (2009);

Applications Isotope labelled Parathion (P192220) is an organophosphate insecticide used on cotton, rice and fruit trees.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Seifert, J., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 35, 200 (2013); Ciffroy, P., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 32, 602 (2013);