Toxicology

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications N-Lauroyl-N-methyltaurine Sodium Salt is used in skin cleansing products containing combinations of anionic and nonionic surfactants and detergents.
References Sakurai, N.; Eur. Pat. Appl. 20 pp. Patent 1996 CODEN:EPXXDW

Applications A metabolite of Venlafaxine, a selective serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor. Used as an antidepressant.
References Kelsey, J., et al.: J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 16, 21 (1996), Long, C., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 21, 166 (1997), Deecher, D., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 318, 657 (2006)

Applications Thiosultap Sodium Salt is used as an insecticide.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Yan, X., et. al.: J. Plant Diseases Protection, 119, 152 (2012)

Applications Cefcapene Pivoxil (C242550) derivative. Δ2-Cephalosporins are potentially related compounds in cephalosporin antibacterial compounds.
References Chavette, R.R., J. Med. Chem., 9, 741 (1966), Miyouchi, M., et al.: J. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 38, 1906 (1990), Sugioka, T., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 38, 1998 (1990),

Applications Norethylmorphine 6-Glucuronide is a derivative of Norethylmorphine (N721600) is used in formation of ethylmorphine. Ethylmorphine is a metabolite in liver hepatocytes.
References Xu, B., et al.: Pharmacology & Toxicology, 73, 35 (1993),

Applications 2-Imidazolidinethione is a pesticide used in production of fruits and vegetables. It is also used as a new contrast agent for MRI studies based on proton chemical exchange dependent saturation transfer (1) . 2-Imidazolidinethione is also a corrosion inhibitor (2) due to the adsorption of the mol. species. Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.
References 1. Ward, K. et al.: J. Magn. Reson. 2000 Mar:143(1) 79-872. Pillai, K. et al.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 1978 Aug:125(9) 1393-1397

Applications Labelled Pyruvic acid (P998900). Intermediate in sugar metabolism and in enzymatic carbohydrate degradation (alcoholic fermentation) where it is converted to acetaldehyde and CO2 by carboxylase. In muscle, Pyruvic acid (derived from glycogen) is reduced to lactic acid during exertion, which is reoxidized and partially retransformed to glycogen during rest. The liver can convert Pyruvic acid to alanine by amination. A diagnostic agent for Parkinson disease.
References Wenzel, A., et al.: J. Neurosci., 21, 53 (2001), Martinez., et al.: Development, 6, 851 (2002), Nakayama, K., et al.: J. Biochem., 146, 757 (2009), Tanaka, T., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Sci., 109, 24 (2009),

Applications Dihydrosafrole is a Safrole derivative. Carcinogenic.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Gold, L. et al.; Mutat. Res. 286, 75 (1993)

Stability Moisture Sensitive, Unstable in Solution
Applications Bensulfuron-methyl inhibits the growth of Anabaena azotica. ALS inhibitor.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Liao, J. Z., et al.: Fresenius Environ. Bull., 25, 5000 (2016)

Applications Pyruvic Acid-13C3 is labelled Pyruvic acid (P998900).Pyruvic acid is an Intermediate in sugar metabolism and in enzymatic carbohydrate degradation (alcoholic fermentation) where it is converted to acetaldehyde and CO2 by carboxylase. In muscle, Pyruvic acid (derived from glycogen) is reduced to lactic acid during exertion, which is reoxidized and partially retransformed to glycogen during rest. The liver can convert Pyruvic acid to alanine by amination.
References Wenzel, A., et al.: J. Neurosci., 21, 53 (2001); Martinez., et al.: Development, 6, 851 (2002); Nakayama, K., et al.: J. Biochem., 146, 757 (2009); Tanaka, T., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Sci., 109, 24 (2009)

Applications Glibornuride has been shown to antagonize the relaxant response to the K+ channel opener cromakalim and produce airway smooth muscle relaxation. Glibornuride is associated with lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes melitus.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Mielsen-Kudsk, J.E., Thirstrup, S.: Pulm. Pharmacol., 6, 185 (1993); Bodmer, M., et. al.: Diabetes Care, 31, 2086 (2008)

Applications trans-Permethrin is the cis isomer of Permethrin (P288500) which is a common synthetic pyrethoid insecticide with low mammalian toxicity.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Itaya, N., et al.: ACS Sym. Ser., 42, 45 (1977); Elliott, M., et al.: Nature, 246, 169 (1973);

Applications Tralomethrin-d5, is the labeled analogue of Tralomethrin (T712400), which is a pyrethroid insecticide. It is effective against most members of class Arachnida as well as insects.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Laskowski, D.A., et al.: Review Env. Conatmin. Toxic., 174, 49 (2002); Tanaka, Y., et al.: Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi, 41, 335 (200);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Asenapine N-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Asenapine (A788000).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package

Applications Isovaleryl L-Carnitine-d3 Chloride is labelled Isovaleryl L-Carnitine Chloride (I917580) which is used to prepare carnitine benzyl esters as neuroprotectant prodrugs.
References Gong, X., et al.: J. Chem. Res., 6, 327 (2008)

Applications Main Quinfamide (Q670600) metabolite.
References Bailey, D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 22, 599 (1979),

Applications Diethanolamine similar to triethanolamine (T775580) is used as a surfactant. It also has the potential to be a corrosion inhibitor by means of chemisorption. This is the labelled analog.
References Bhajiwala, H.M et al.: Bull. Electrochem., 17, 441 (2001); Yu, J. et al.: Thin. Solid. Films., 379, 7 (2000);

Applications Bis-(1-Chloro-2-propyl)phosphate is the metabolite of organic flame retardants.
References Schindler, B. et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 395, 1167 (2009);

Applications Chlorethoxyfos is an organophosphorous pesticide/insecticide.
References Li, S., et al.: Toxicology In Vitro, 56, 93 (2019); Yi, X., et al.: Sepu, 34, 1097 (2016); Can, A., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 230, 434 (2014)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications MCPA-L-carnitine is a derivative of L-Carnitine (C184110); an essential cofactor of fatty acid metabolism required for the transport of fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane.
References Mitchell, M.E., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 31, 293 (1978); Lango, R., et al.: Cardiovasc. Res., 51, 21 (2001); Vaz, F.M., et al.: Biochem. J., et al.: 361, 417 (2002); Karlic, H., et al.: Nutrition, 20, 709 (2004)

Applications Controlled substance (stimulant). Anorexic. An Amphetamine derivative.
References Masheb, R., et al.: Obesity Res., 8, 638 (2000), Fernandez-Lopez, J., et al.: Drugs, 62, 915 (2002), Abelson, P., et al.: Science, 304, 1413 (2004), Padwal, R., et al.: Lancet, 369, 71 (2007),

Applications Propineb is used as a fungicide.
References Sharma, I.M., et. al.: J. Mycology Plant Pathology, 44, 92 (2014); Gupta, R.C., et. al.: Pestology, 37, 43 (2013)

Applications Calcium regulator. Preparation by reduction of Tachysterol. It is widely used for hypocalcemic hypoparathyroidism following surgical removal of parathyroids.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Schilling, T., et al.: Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes, 105, 237 (1997), Bushinsky, D., et al.: Lancet, 352, 306 (1998), Jehle, D., et al.: J. Med., 30, 39 (1999), Winer, K., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 88, 4214 (2003),

Applications Selective herbicide. Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes and skin; dermatitis, skin sensitization; dyspnea, weakness, incoordination, salivation; hypothermia; liver injury.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs)
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Dalgaard-Mikkelsen, S., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 14, 225 (1962), Muller, K., et al.: J. Environ. Qual., 31, 309 (2002), Backhaus, T., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23, 258 (2004),

Applications Hydroxy Tyrosol 3-Sulphate is a metabolite of Hydroxy Tyrosol (H977000).
References Owen, R., et al.: Eur. J. Cancer., 36, 1235 (2000), Bakalbassis, E., et al.: Lipids, 36, 181 (2001), Nenadis, N., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 1874 (2003),

Applications Aziprotryne is a pesticide.

Applications Oxyisofenphos is a stable degredation product of Isofenphos, a soil insecticide.
References Felsot, A.: J. Environ. Sci. Health. B, B19, 13 (1984); Hsin, C.Y., Coats, J.R.: Pestic. Biochem. Phys., 25, 336 (1986)

Applications Isocarbophos is an organophosphorus pesticide residue found in spicy foods and nuts.
References Gao, Y., et al.: Huaxue Shiji, 39, 1083 (2017); Dong, Y., et al.: Fenxi Huaxue, 45, 1397 (2017)

Applications It was reported to be a new naturally occurring plant-growth regulator. Present in plant cuticle waxes and in beeswax as the palmitate.
References Farag, R., et al.: J. Food Prot., 52, 665 (1989), Cuvelier, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 42, 665 (1994), Huang, M., et al.: Cancer Res., 54, 701 (1994), Offord, E., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 16, 2057 (1995),

Applications 2-Butylbenzo[D]isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas# 4299-07-4) is a useful research chemical.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package

Impurity Amitriptyline EP Impurity C
Applications Nortriptyline Hydrochloride (Amitriptyline EP Impurity C) is a tricyclic antidepressant.
References Hale, J. L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 1, 233 (1972), Rubin, E.H., et al.: J. Clin. Psychiatry, 46, 418 (1985),

Applications Aprepitant-d4 is a labeled analogue of Aprepitant (A729800), A novel selective neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist. In vitro studies using human liver microsomes indicate that Aprepitant is metabolised primarily by CYP3A4 with minor metabolism by CYP1A2 and CYP2C19, and no metabolism by CYP2D6, CYP2C9, or CYP2E1. Aprepitant-d4 is a potential treatment for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting.
References Hale, J.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 4607 (1998); Campos, D., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 19, 1759 (2001); Van Belle, S., et al.: Cancer, 94, 3032 (2002); Majumdar, A.K., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 291 (2006)

Applications β-Alanine is a naturally occurring beta amino acid. β-Alanine is formed in vivo by the degradation of dihydrouracil (D449990) and carnosine. β-Alanine is also the rate-limiting precursor of carnosine, as a result supplementation with β-alanine increases the concentration of carnosine in muscles.
References Derave, W. et al.: J. Appl. Physiol., 103, 1736 (2007); Xia, J.-F. et al.: J. Chrom. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 977, 1930 (2009); Artioli, G.G. et al.: Med. Sci. Sports Exer.,42, 1162 (2010);

Applications E/Z mixture of Fenaminstrobin is used as a fungicide.

Stability Very Hygroscopic
Applications A metabolite of the pesticide Glyphosphate (G765000).
References Siehl, D.L. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 282, 11446 (2007); Env. Prot. Agen. EPA: Fed. Reg., 74, 67129 (2009);

Applications Estocin is an opioid analgesic and is closely related to Benactyzine Hydrochloride (B119600).
References Gorbatova, E.N.: Stomatologiya, 46, 22 (1967)

Applications (+)-Matrine is an alkaloid compound extracted from the roots of Sophora species which maintain anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and a host of other positive pharmacological effects. Apoptotic agent.
References Xie, B. et al.: Mol. Med. Rep., 9, 2547 (2014); Liu, Y. et al.: Tumor Biol., 35, 5111 (2014);

Applications Fluroxypyr-1-methylheptyl Ester is a derivative of (F598780), a systemic and selective herbicide. Fluroxypyr is used for the control of broad-leaved weeds in small grain cereals, maize, pastures, range land and turf. Fluroxypyr is a synthetic auxin.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Radivojevic, L. et al.: Pesticidi, 16, 181 (2001); Roberts, H.A. et al.: Tests Agrochem. Cult., 6, 96 (1985); Sanders, G.E. et al.: Ann. Appl. Biol., 111, 385 (1987);

Applications Controlled substance (stimulant). Anorexic.
References Cahen, et al.: Therapie, 17, 373 (1962), Abramson, R., et al.: J. Clin. Psychiatry, 41, 234 (1980), Garriott, J., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 9, 141 (1985), Hvizdos, K., et al.: Drugs, 58, 743 (1999),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Dapagliflozin-D5 is a labelled analogue of Dapagliflozin (D185370), a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor that reduces renal glucose reabsorption and is used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes.
References List, J., et al.: Diabetes Care, 32, 650 (2009); Meng, W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 51, 1145 (2008); Wilding, J., et al.: Diabetes Care, 32, 1656 (2009)

Applications Halosulfuron-methyl

Applications Prasugrel is a platelet inhibitor that reduces aggregation of platelets by being a P2Y12(ADP receptor) inhibitor.

Applications 4-[(1-Ethylpropyl)amino]-2-methyl-3,5-dinitro-benzoic Acid is a metabolite of Pendimethalin (P221900), an herbicide used to control the spread of weedgrass.
References Haith, D., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 6496 (2010); Jabran, K., et al.: Int. J. Agric. Biol., 12, 335 (2010); Rahaman, S., et al.: Environ. Ecol., 28, 1 (2010); Zulalian, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 38, 1743-54 (1990);

Applications Estropipate is used in post-menopausal women for hormonal replacement therapy, with benefits to improved cognition and prevention of osteoporosis.
References Klaiber, E. et al.: Psychoneuroendocrinol., 22, 549 (1999); McCombs, J. et al.: Maturitas., 48, 271 (2004); Burkhardt, M. et al.: J. Alz. Dis., 6, 221 (2004);

Applications (S)-Ketamine-d6 Hydrochloride is labelled (S)-Ketamine (K165310, HCl salt) which is the more active enantiomer of the NMDA receptor antagonist and anesthetic agent Ketamine (K165300).
References Meliska, C.J. et al.: J. Pharmacol Exp. Therap., 212, 206 (1980); Smith, D.J. et al.: Neuropharmacology, 20, 391 (1981); Klockgether-Radke, A.P. et al.: Eur. J. Anaesthesiol., 22, 215 (2005)

Stability Air Sensitive
Applications 4-Chloro-2-methylaniline
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications (R)-Haloxyfop Methyl Ester is a herbicide. It is used in the study of reduced rates of the acetyl-co enzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Neve, P., et al.: Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 110, 1154 (2005); Delye, C., et al.: Pest Management Sci., 58, 474 (2002)

Applications A labelled nootropic. An inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Ohnishi, A., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 33, 1086 (1993), Galli, A., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 270, 189 (1994)

Applications Riociguat-13C-d3 is the labelled analogue of Riociguat (R520000), which is used in the treatment for pulmonary hypertension.
References Frey, R. et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 51, 1051 (2011);

Applications Scopolamine is an acetylcholine antagonist. Used in treatment of motion sickness; antiemetic; antispasmodic; mydriatic; preanesthetic medicant.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Brand, J.J., et al.: Lancet, 2, 232 (1970); Bowles, J.B., et al.: Anaesthesia, 34, 476 (1979); Clissold, S.P., et al.: Drugs, 29, 189 (1985); Muhtadi, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 19, 477 (1990)

Applications 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid, can be used in the preparation of widely used insecticides, such as Permethrin (P288500). which is a synthetic chemical, used as an insecticide, acaricide, and insect repellent.
References Elliott, M., et al.: Nature, 246, 169 (1973); Zheng, M., et al.: Zhongguo Ertong Baojian Zazhi, 20, 409 (2012);

Applications Plocloraz is used as a fungicide. Plocloraz showed efficacy against cereal powdery mildew.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Riviere, J.-L., et al.: Pestic. Sci., 15, 317 (1984), Debrauwer, L., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 3821 (2001),

Applications Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid used as an insecticide in large-scale commercial agricultural applications as well as in consumer products for domestic purposes. It behaves as a fast-acting neurotoxin in insects. Cypermethrin can exhibit a toxic effect on the reproductive system.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Hu, J., et al.: J. Appl. Toxicol., 33, 576 (2011); Singh, A., et al.: Neurobiol. Aging., 33, 404 (2012); Amer, S., et al.: J. Mut. Res., 155, 135 (1985)

Applications Hydroxyanilide fungicide.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Yamashita, M., et al.: J. Phys. Chem., 88, 4451 (1984), Kende, A., et al.: Microchem. J., 84, 63 (2006),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (cas# 56-93-9) is a useful research chemical.

Applications Studies have shown compounds of this nature are of pharmacological interest. Also has been shown to inhibit the growth of plants.
References Pearlman, W.M., et al.: J.A.C.S. , 70, 3726 (1948), Thurston, J.T., et al.: J.A.C.S., 73, 7, 2981 (1951)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications N-Butylscopolammonium Bromide (B693752) acts as an anticholinergic and antispasmodic. This is the labeled analog.
References Lee, J.R., et al.: Clin. Radiol., 33, 273 (1982), Bauer, et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 18, 1132 (1986), Steger, A.C., et al.: Am. J. Gastroenterol., 81, 615 (1986),

Applications A labelled form of (Z)-Tetrachlorvinphos (T292305), which is used in sensitive immunoassay for detection of organophosphorus pesticides. Also, used in exposure characterization of varied major insecticides including neonicotinoids, organophosphates and pyrethroids in urine of young children. Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).
References Zhao, F., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 408, 6423 (2016); Osaka, A., et al.: Environ. Res., 147, 89 (2016)

Applications Norbormide is used as a rodenticide. It acts as a vasoconstrictor and calcium channel blocker, but is selectively toxic to rats and has relatively low toxicity to other species, due to a species specific action of opening the permeability transition pores in rat mitochondria.
References Rennison, D., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 15, 2963 (2007); Zulian, A., et al.: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1767, 980 (2007)

Applications N-Methylperfluorooctanesulfonamide is a derivative of Perfluorooctanesulfo​namide (FOSA) (P286245), which represents an important subgroup of the environmental contaminants known as perfluorinated compounds (PFCs).
References Hradkova, P., et al.: Czech J. Food Sci., 28, 333 (2010); Del Gobbo, L., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 56, 7551 (2008)

Applications Ranaconitine is an important diterpenoid alkaloid from Aconitum sinomontanum and displayspotential anti-inflammatory analgesic activity as well as antagonism and modulation of voltage-gated Na+ channels.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Mericli, A. et al.: Helv. Chim. Acta., 95, 314 (2012); Turabekova, M. et al.: Compu. Biol. Chem., 32, 88 (2008);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Daidzein (D103500) metabolite.
References Fang, N., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 2700 (2002), Tsuchihashi, R., et al.: Nat. Med., 58, 71 (2004), Hosoda, K., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 36, 1485 (2008),

Applications An agonist to both GHB and GABAB neural receptors, exhibiting neurotransmitter-like effects. It has been used as a general anesthetic in treatment for sleep disorders and clinical depression, but also has been identified as a “date rape drug”.
References Mamelak, M., et al.: Prog. Neurobiol., 89, 193 (2009), Zhang, L., et al.: App. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 84, 909 (2009), Pedraza, C., Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol., 12, 1165 (2009), McGonigle, I., et al.: Biochem., 49, 2897 (2010),

Applications Indoleacetic Acid is the most common and naturally occuring plant hormone in the auxin class of hormones. It effects cell elongation, cell division as well as plant growth and development.

Applications (-)-trans-Phenothrin is used in exhaustive parallel conformational search of pyrethroids and structural similarity study. Also used as an active compound combination having insecticidal properties, a synthetic reagent in the preparation and optical purity of benzylic ester pyrethroid enantiomers.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Bertok, B., et al.: J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part B., 31, 495 (1996); Chuman, H., et al.: Journal of Chemical Software, 4, 143 (1998); Thielert, W., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. (2015), WO 2015132140 A1 20150911;

Applications Methyl Paraben-13C5, is the labeled analogue of Methyl Paraben (M325660), used as preservative in foods, beverages and cosmetics.
References Goodwin, M., et al.: Science, 203, 559 (1979);

Applications Fluoroacetamide (cas# 640-19-7) is a useful research chemical.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package

Applications The primary metabolite of Diazepam. A ligand for the GABAA receptor benzodiazepine modulatory site. Anxiolytic.Controlled substance (depressant).
References Klotz, U., et al.: Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 7, 119 (1979), Konishi, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 67, 1777 (1978), Andreoli, V., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 27, 436 (1977), Miller, R.P., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 25, 453 (1973), Margolis, J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 31, 606 (2003),