Toxicology

Applications 8-Chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-3a,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-3H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-d3 is an isotope labelled impurity of Midazolam (M343000), a drug used for the treatment of acute seizures and is also known to exhibit activities as an anticonvulsant, sedative, and hypnotic.
References Dundee, J. W., et al.: Drugs, 28, 519 (1984); Lahat, E., et al.: Br. Med. J., 321, 83 (2000);

Applications Bromacil is a compound used as an herbicide to control weeds in crop fields (such as pineapple fields). Bromacil is absorbed into the soil, and is utilized as the sole carbon source for soil microbes and degrades within 4 to 6 months of first application. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).Environmental toxin on US EPA Toxic Release Inventory list (TRI) list.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Gerstl, Z. & Yaron, B.: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 47, 474 (1983); Leistra, M., et al.: Weed Res., 15, 243 (1975); Madhum, Y. & Freed, V.: Chemosphere, 16, 1003 (1987);

Applications N-Demethyl Erythromycin A-d7 is a labeled version of N-Demethyl Erythromycin A (D230930), which is a metabolite of Erythromycin (E649950).
References Rich, D.H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 18, 1004 (1975), Itoh, Z,. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 863 (1984), Omura, S., et al.: J. Antibiotics 38, 1631 (1985)

Applications (R)-Chloropheniramine is an intermediate used in the synthesis of (R)-(-)-Chlorpheniramine Maleate (C424306), which is the R-enantiomer of Chlorpheniramine (C424300). Antihistaminic.
References Ishida, M., et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 359, 46 (2008), Moreno, R., et al.: Biomed. Chromatog., 24, 774 (2010), Gohil, V., et al.: Nat. Biotechnol., 28, 249 (2010),

Applications The 2-epi-enantiomer analogue of (-)-Emtricitabine (E525000) evaluated against HIV-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells.
References Jeong, L.S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 2627 (1993),

Applications Prazosin Hydrochloride Dihydrate (Terazosin EP Impurity K) is an antihypertensive. α1-Adrenergic blocker.
References Jaillon, P., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 5, 365 (1980), Russell, I.J., et al.: J. Rheumatol., 12, 94 (1985), Kostek, L.J.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 18, 351 (1989),

Applications 2,5,7,8-Tetrahydroxy-1,4-Naphthalenedione have been synthesized and studied for antimicrobial and antifungal activities.
References Yakubovskaya, A. et al.: Pharma. Chem. J., 43, 396 (2009)

Applications Insecticide.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Nishizawa, Y., et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 25, 605 (1961),

Applications O-Methyl Oxazepam Acetate is an impurity of Oxazepam (O845700), which is an anxiolytic; muscle relaxant (skeletal); anticonvulsant; ligand for the GABAA receptor benzodiazepine modulatory site. Controlled substance (depressant).
References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Sisenwine, et al.: Arzneim. Forsch., 22, 682 (1972), Shearer, C.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 3, 441 (1974), Greenblatt, D.J., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 6, 89 (1981),

Applications Allobarbital is a barbiturate derivative that is primarily used as an anticonvulsant. Allobarbital also shows hypnotic activity and is used to boost the activity of analgesic drugs. Studies show that Allobarbital is an effective promoters of hepatocarcinogenesis. Allobarbital is a Controlled Substance.
References Tateoka, Y. et al.: Yakug. Zas., 106, 504 (1986); Crawford, J.M. et al.: Neuropharmacology, 9, 31 (1970); Rice, J.M. et al.: Carcinogenesis, 15, 395 (1994);

Applications Labelled Nabumetone. Anti-inflammatory. Antibacterial.
References Kumpulainen, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 49, 1207 (2006),

Applications Ethylmorphine 6-(Tri-O-acetylglucuronide Methyl Ester) is an protected metabolite of Ethyl Morphine (E925155), an analgesic and antitussive agent.
References Bugge, A., et al.: Acta, Chem. Scandinavica., 49, 380 (1995);

Applications Reagent used in the synthesis of herbicides.
References Mekenyan, O., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 10, 994 (1997), Brown, T., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 5202 (2008),

Applications Palmitoyl-L-carnitine-d3 Hydrochloride is labelled Palmitoyl-L-carnitine Hydrochloride (P155050), a long-chain fatty ester of carnitine which is accumulated and released into the circulation, in fatty-acid oxidation defects. Pattern of Lauroyl-L-carnitine can be diagnostic for a number of ß-oxidation defects.
References Ventura, F., et al.: Clinica Chimica Acta, 281, 1 (1999); Pourfarzam, M., et al.: Clinical Chem,, 40, 2267 (1994); Schaefer, J., et al.: Pediatric Res., 37, 354 (1995)

Applications Synthetic thrombin inhibitor. Antithrombotic.
References Abiko, Y., et al.: Thromb. Res., 24, 285 (1981), Kikumoto, R., et al.: Biochemistry, 23, 85 (1984),

Applications Loratadine (L469575) Impurity. An isomer of N-Methyl Desloratadine (M316500).
References Zhong, D., et al.: Pharmazie, 49, 736 (1994); Ruperez, F., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 29, 35 (2002);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications (S,S)-Dihydro Bupropion is a metabolite of Bupropion (B689625), a selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake.
References Writer, J.H., et. al.: Sci. Total Environ., 461 (2013)

Applications (1R,3R,4R)-Entecavir is an isomeric impurity of Entecavir (E558900).

Applications (R)-Benzylphenobarbital is a derivative of Phenobarbital (P316760), which is an Anticonvulsant; sedative; hypnotic.
References Goldenthal, E.I., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18, 185 (1971), Chao, M.K.C., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 359 (1978),

Applications Chlorthiophos is an organophosphorus pesticide.
References Lan, M., et al.: Sepu, 36, 938 (2018); Abbas, M. S., et al.: Int. J. Env. Anal. Chem., 97, 1003 (2017)

Impurity Lamivudine EP Impurity J
Applications (2R-cis)-1-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (Lamivudine EP Impurity J) is an impurity of Lamivudine (L172500). (2R-cis)-1-[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione is also being further studied to determine its potential as an anti-HIV agent.
References Jeong, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 181 (1993)

Applications Oxacyclotetradecane Erythromycin Derivatives is a useful intermediate in the preparation of erythromycin A (E649950) antibiotics and derivatives.
References Koch, W.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 157 (1979), Morimoto, S., et al.: From Eur. Pat. Appl. (1988), EP 272110 A2 19880622,

Applications It is listed as a known human carcinogen. Used in manufacturing of dyes, as antioxidant in rubber.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Dong, Y., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 4085 (2010), Vassiltsova, O., et al.: J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 10, 1635 (2010), Garcia-Lavandeira, J., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 397, 751 (2010),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A biodegradation product of Malathion (M111000).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Kim, Y. et al.: Chemosphere, 60, 1349 (2005); Yoshii, K. et al.: J. Health Sci., 54, 535 (2008); Hayasaka, M. et al.: Jap. J. Forensic Toxicol., 12, 15 (1994);

Applications 8-Chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic Acid Methyl Ester is an imidazodiaepine derivative and an impurity of Midazolam (M343000), an anesthetic, anticonvulsant, sedative and hypotic agent.

Applications Haloxyfop-methyl-d4 is the isotope labelled analog of Haloxyfop-methyl (H104050); a herbicide used for selective post-emergence control of annual and perennial grasses in broadleaf crops.
References Buhler, D.D., et al.: Weed Sci., 32, 824 (1984); Gronwald, J.W.: Weed Sci., 34, 196 (1986)

Applications Isopentyl Carnitine Inner Salt is used in the formation of lipids and barriers as well as being a derivative of L-carnitine, used in the diagnosis of metabolic diseases
References Paul, H. et al.: PCT Int. Appl. (2000), WO 2000004870 A2 20000203; Yang, S. et l.: J. Chrom. B., Anal. Tech. Biomed. Life Sci., 857, 251 (2007);

Applications Labelled Nitecapone. Inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Biggs, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 299, 83 (1996), Mannisto, P., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 51(4), 593 (1999), Fisher, A., et al.: Neuroscience, 95(1), 97 (2000),

Applications Dabigatran Etexilate Propanoate is an impurity of Dabigatran Etexilate (D100140). Dabigatran Etexilate is a nonpeptide, direct thrombin inhibitor. Antithrombotic.
References Mangiafico, R. et al.: Curr. Med. Chem., 19, 4688 (2012); Hu, Z. et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 405, 1695 (2013);

Applications A labelled major (toxic) metabolite of Styrene (S687790), catalyzed by epoxide hydrolase.
References Shen, S. et al.: Drug Metab. Disp., 38, 1934 (2010); Carlson, G.P. et al.: J. Toxicol. Env. Health, 73, 1689 (2010)

Applications Metribuzin DK is a selective triazine herbicide used in the control of broadleaf weeds. Used in the protection of vegetable and fruit crops. Pesticide.
References Xie, Y. et al.: Microchem. J., 133, 468 (2017);