Toxicology

Applications Methyl Benzilate is a reactant in the synthesis of Trimethadione (T796155), an anticonvulsant and antiepileptic agent used in the treatment of pregnant women. Prenatal exposure to snti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) has indicated increased risk of major or minor congenital malformation.
References Pastore, V., et. al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 841 (2013); Ahir, B. et al.: Toxicol. Vitro., 28, 948 (2014); Pastore, V. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 841 (2013)

Applications ent-Lamivudine Triphosphate Triethylammonium Salt is a metabolite of Lamivudine (L172500), which is a potent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Antiviral. Lamivudine has been used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
References Burgess, K., et al.: Chem. Rev., 100, 2047 (2000), Gallois-Montbrun, S., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 68, 1749 (2004); Morris, D.M., J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 12, 255 (1944), Nevens, B.F., et al.: Gastroenterology, 113, 1258 (1997), Perry, C.M., et al.: Drugs, 53, 657 (1977)

Impurity Ampicillin EP Impurity A ; Amoxicillin USP Related Compound A
Applications (+)-6-Aminopenicillanic Acid (Amoxicillin EP Impurity A) is the core structure in penicillins, obtained from the fermentation brew of the Penicillium mold. (+)-6-Aminopenicillanic Acid is used as the main starting block for the preparation of numerous semisynthetic penicillins.
References Zel'tser, I.Z. et al.: Gig. Truda Prof. Zabol., 5, 59 (1983); Hamilton-Miller, J.M.T.: Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 31, 189 (2008); Novikova, N.D. et al.: Mikol. Fitopatol., 7, 101 (1973);

Applications α-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-acetonitrile is an impurity of Pyrimethamine (P997240), a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor; generally used in combination with other antimicrobial agents. Antiprotozoal (Toxoplasma); antimalarial.
References Loutfy, M.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 12, 463 (1983); Leport, C., et al.: Am. J. Med., 84, 94 (1988); McIntosh, H.M., et al.: Ann. Trop. Med., Parasitol., 93, 265 (1998); Plowe, C.V., et al.: Br. Med. J., 328, 545 (2004);

Applications Glutaurine Sodium Salt is the salt of Glutaurine (G597350) which has been observed to display antiepileptic effects with anti-amnesia properties. Mimics anxiolytic drug Diazepam (D416855).
References Bittner, S. et al.: Amino Acids., 28, 343 (2005); Uemura, S. et al.: Brain. res., 594, 347 (1992);

Applications Sipoglitazar is a novel antidiabetic agent. Sipoglitazar displays triple agonistic activities on the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, hPPAR-γ, -α, and -δ.
References Nishihara, M. et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 40, 249 (2012);

Applications Intermediate in the preparation of imidazole antifungal agents.
References Albet, C. et al.; J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. 10, 205 (1992); Raga, M. et al.; Eur. J. Med. Chem. 21, 329 (1986)

Applications Benzyl Trisulfide is a secondary metabolite of Petiveria alliacea, on erythrocyte elasticity, relaxation time and membrane morphol. An antibacterial and antifungal agent.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Mohandas, N., et al.: Semin. Hematol., 20, 225 (1983), De Sousa, J., et al.: Phytochem., 29, 3653 (1990),

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications N-Desmethyl (E)-α-Hydroxy Tamoxifen is a N-demethylated, α-Hydroxyated metabolite of Tamoxifen (T006000).
References Poon, G.K. et al.: Drug Metab.Dispos. 23,377 (1995); Teunissen, S.F. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 55, 518 (2011); Muerdter, T.E. et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Therap., 89, 708 (2011);

Applications Gypsogenic Acid, a triterpenoid saponin of the Caryophyllaceae family, is shown to be a promising antiplaque and anticaries agent.
References Boettger, S., et al.: Phytochemistry Lett., 4, 59 (2011); Cunha, L.C.S., et al.: Z. Naturforschung C.: J. Bioscience., 62, 668 (2007)

Applications Labelled δ-Tocopherol. One of the naturally occurring forms of Vitamin E. Isolated from soybean oil.
References Emerson, et al.: Science, 83, 421 (1936), Bieri, J.G., et al.: J. Nutr., 104, 850 (1974), Jiang, Q., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 74, 714 (2001),

Applications Triethylamine Trihydrofluoride is used in the synthesis of modified siRNA’s in vivo used to inhibit hepatitis B replication (1). Used in RNA synthesis in the removal of t-butyldimethylsilyl protection (2). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References 1. Marimani M. et al.: Bioorg Med Chem. 2013 Oct 15;21(20):6145-55. 2. Westman, E. et al.: Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Jun 25;22(12):2430-1

Applications A novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Rilpivirine seems to be well tolerated with less CNS disturbance than Efavirenz, and has non-teratogenic potential. An anti-HIV agent.
References Sun, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 4648 (1998), Kashiwada, et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 11, 183 (2001),

Applications Chloramphenicol Succinate Sodium is a derivative of Chloramphenicol (C325030) which are broad spectrum antibiotic obtained from cultures of the soil bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae. It has a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Antibacterial; antirickettsial.
References Bartz, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., et al.: 172, 445 (1948), Gottlieb, et al.: J. Bacteriol., 55, 409 (1948), Szulczewski, D., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 47 (1975), Price, A., et al.: J. Antibiot., 43, 118 (1981), Shalit, I., et al.: Drugs, 28, 281 (1984),

Applications An epimer of Lincomycin (L466200); a 6-amino, 6-deoxy-octopyraninose with strong antibiotic activity. A less potent bactericidal than its (7R)-epimer.
References Le Goffic, F. et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 16, 12 (1985); Prior, C. et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 255, 1170 (1990);

Applications Amphotericin B Methyl Ester is the methyl ester derivative of the polyene antibiotic Amphotericin B (A634250). Amphotericin B Methyl Esterin is a cholesterol binding compound that showed inhibiton of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
References Waheed, A.A. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 281, 28699 (2006); Waheed, A. et al.: J. Virol., 82, 9776 (2008); Waheed, A., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 281, 28699 (2006)

Applications 1-(2,5-Dichlorophenyl)ethanone-d3 is an intermediate in the synthesis of Isotope labelled Triclosan which is used as bactericide and preservative for cosmetic and detergent compositions (1). Broadly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant (2). This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.