Toxicology

<p>Applications 4-​[3-Fluoro-​4-​(methoxycarbonyl)​phenyl]​-​1,​1-​dimethylethyl Ester 1-​Piperazinecarboxylic Acid is used in the binding envelope of cytochrome P 450 51 inhibitors targeting Trypanosoma cruzi with 4-aminopyridyl-based sulfonamide derivatives.<br>References Vieira, Debora F. et al., ChemBioChem. 8,1111-1120(2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications β-Amyrin is used as a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor with potential treatment towards diabetes. Also used in the synthesis of HIV-1 integrase inhibitory compounds based upon plant extracts.<br>References Zhang, Y. et al.: Bioorg, Med. Chem., 16, 8697 (2008); Tewtrakul, S. et al.: Phytother. Res., 17, 232 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications Sulfamonomethoxine-N1-glucosiduronic Acid, is a metabolite of Sulfamonomethoxine (S699145), found in human urine, after its administration. Sulfamonomethoxine is used as an antibacterial agent.<br>References Ueda, M.m et al.: Yakugaku Zasshi, 87, 455 (1967); Bridges, et al.: Biochem. J., et al.: 96, 829 (1965), Hong, Y.-L., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 39, 1756 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydroxymethyl Emtricitabine is an impurity of Emtricitabine(E525000) which is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is an effective antiviral agent against HIV, HBV, and other viruses replicating in a similar manner. A nucleoside analog structurally related to Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References FASEB J., 13, 1511 (1999), Molina, J.-M., et al.: J. InfecSchinazi, R.F., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 36, 2423 (1992), Shockeor, J.P., et al.: Xenobioica, 26, 189 (1996), Feng, J.Y., et al.: . Dis., 182, 599 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-O-(E)-Feruloylquinic Acid is a phenolic acid with potential antioxidant and antifungal activities. Secondary metabolite in the coffee brewing process.<br>References Matei, M. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 12105 (2012); Dokli, I. et al.: Tetrahedron Asymm., 24, 785 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Emtricitabine Phosphonic Acid is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Emtricitabine Triphosphate Triethylammonium Salt (E525075), which is a metabolite of (-)-Emtricitabine (E525000).<br>References Barditch-Crovo, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 45, 2733 (2001); Ray, A., et al.: Antivir .Ther., 10, 451 (2005); Borroto-Esoda, K., et al.: Antivir. Ther., 11, 377 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-O-Desmethyl 4-O-Ethyl Trimethoprim-D5 is a labelled analogue of 4-O-Desmethyl 4-O-Ethyl Trimethoprim (D295700).<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications (1R)-trans-γ-Cyhalothrin is an isomer of λ-Cyhalothrin (C988980), which is used as an insecticide.<br>References Bhavani, B., et al.: Pestol., 33, 42 (2009), Patial, A., et al.: Env. Ecol., 27, 320 (2009), Schleier, J., et al.: J. Med. Entomol., 46, 693 (2009), Yang, D., et al.: Toxicol. App. Pharmacol., 237, 49 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications This product is deuterated at the 1 position and on the ajacent methyl. The 1 position is the benylic position of the bis(trifluoromethyl) phenyl. This compound has a mixture of 1 to 4 deuterium atoms, there is no detectable unlabeled material.Aprepitant is a structurally novel substance P neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist. In vitro studies using human liver microsomes indicate that aprepitant is metabolised primarily by CYP3A4 with minor metabolism by CYP1A2 and CYP2C19, and no metabolism by CYP2D6, CYP2C9, or CYP2E1.<br>References Hale, J.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 4607 (1998), Campos, D., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 19, 1759 (2001), Van Belle, S., et al.: Cancer, 94, 3032 (2002), Majumdar, A.K., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 291 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Desmethylene seco-Benzoxadiazine Marbofloxacin is an impurity of Marbofloxacin (M197000); a fluorinated quinolone antibacterial.<br>References Gruet, P., et al.: Vet. Rec., 140, 199 (1977); Lefebvre, H.P., et al.: J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 21, 453 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications cis-2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol Benzoate (Ester) is an intermediate in the synthesis of trans-2-​(2,​4-​Dichlorophenyl)​-​2-​(1H-​imidazol-​1-​ylmethyl)​-​1,​3-​dioxolane-​4-​methanol (D431560). trans-2-​(2,​4-​Dichlorophenyl)​-​2-​(1H-​imidazol-​1-​ylmethyl)​-​1,​3-​dioxolane-​4-​methanol is an impurity of Ketoconazole (K186000).<br>References Ryu, J., et al. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 24, 460 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Bromo-2-nitrophenol is a halonitrophenol with antifungal activity.<br>References Gershon, H., et al.: Monatshefte fuer Chemie, 126, 1161 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,3-Dimethylbenzoquinone is a reagent in the preparation of hydroxycinnolines which has antifungal activity.<br>References Ryu, C., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 1850 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications α-Linolenoyl Ethanolamide-d4 is the labeled analogue of alpha-Linolenoyl Ethanolamide (L467718), which is an endocannabinoid containing a-linolenic acid.<br>References Hanus, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 3032-3034 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(3-Hydroxypropoxy) Propyl Benzoate is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Docosatetraenoyl Ethanolamide-d4 is the labelled analogue of (7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z)-N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-7,10,13,16-docosatetraenamide (H943240), which is an endocannabinoid and an analog of anandamide, which is an endogenous cannabinoid and TRPV1 receptor agonist.<br>References Donovan, J. and Grundy D. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 23, 567 (2011); Walter, L., et al.: J. Biol. Chem. 277, 20869 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications N-[[[(1R)-2-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-methylethoxy]methyl]hydroxyphosphinyl]-D-alanine is a metabolite of Tenofovir (T018500), an acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue and reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is used as an anti-HIV agent. Antiviral.<br>References Shaw, J.-P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997); Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005), Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006), Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydroxychloroquine O-Sulfate Sodium Salt is an analogue and potential metabolite of the antimalarial drug Hydroxychloroquine (H916900). Studies suggest that there is increased uptake and retention of Hydroxychloroquine O-Sulfate in blood of rheumatoid arthritis subjects. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Lucherini, T. et al.: Recenti Prog. Med., 33, 446 (1962); Mueting, D.: Nature, 195, 1003 (1962);<br></p>

<p>Applications Silodosin Dimer 7-Cyano Benzoate is used in the process for preparation of considerably pure Silodosin. Silodosin (S465000) is an α1a-adrenoceptor antagonist. It is used in treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy.<br>References Gangwar, K. S., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. 31 pp. (2016); Kawabe, K., et al.: BJU Int., 98, 1019 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Amoxicillin (3-​Ethoxy-​1-​methyl-​3-​oxo-​1-​propenyl)​amino Diethylethanamine is an intermediate in the synthesis of APA Amoxicillin Amide (A634270), which is a derivative of Amoxicillin (A634235), a semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin. Antibacterial.<br>References Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 18, 169 (1979), Bird, A.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs. Excip., 23, 1 (1994),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lopinavir D-Valine Diastereomer-d9 is the isotope labelled analog of Lopinavir D-Valine Diastereomer. Lopinavir D-Valine Diastereomer is a metabolite of Lopinavir (L469480); a selective HIV protease inhibitor and antiviral. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Sham, H.L., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 42, 3218 (1998); Kumar, G.N., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 86 (1999); Murphy, R.L., et al.: Antiviral Ther., 4, Suppl. 3, 85 (1999)<br></p>

<p>Applications Most ethyl alcohol is used in alcoholic beverages in suitable dilutions. Other uses are as solvent in laboratory and industry , in the manufacture of denatured alcohol, pharmaceuticals, in perfumery, in organic synthesis. Used as antiseptic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wiberg, G.S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 16, 718 (1970), Brown, N.A., et al.: Science, 206, 573 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Applications Triclosan (3',5',6'-d3) O-β-D-Glucuronide Sodium Salt is an isotope labelled compound of Triclosan O-β-D-Glucuronide Sodium Salt (T774260), a metabolite of Triclosan (T774250).<br>References Moss, T. et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 38, 361 (2000); Wu, J. et al.: Sepu, 27, 724 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications A dinitronaphthaloyl derivative as disinfectants and antiseptics.<br>References Brana, M., et al.: Anti-Cancer Drug Des., 8, 257 (1993), Griffin, B., et al.: Science, 281, 269 (1998), Huh, W., et al.: Nature, 425, 686 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications (2-Fosfomycinyl-1-(hydroxy)propyl)phosphonic Acid is an impurity of Fosfomycin (F727500); an antibiotic compound used in the treatment of urinary tract infections.<br>References Liu, H., et al.: Zhongguo Kangshengsu Zazhi, 36, 765 (2011); Goto, M., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 20, 393 (1981); Keating, G. et al.: Drugs, 73, 1951 (2013); Demir, T. et al.: Int. J. Infect. Dis., 17, e966 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Atorvastatin (A791750) impurity.<br>References Kearney, A.S., et al.: Pharm. Res., 10, 1461 (1993); Heinonen, T.M., et al.: Clin. Ther., 18, 853 (1996);<br></p>

<p>Applications epi-Velpatasvir is an impurity of antivaral drug Velpatasvir (V116000), which is a HCV NS5A inhibitor used to treat Hepatitis C.<br>References Feld, J. J., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med. 373, 2599 (2015); Gane, E. J., et al.: Gastroenterol., 151, 448 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic Acid Ethyl Ester is a derivative in the synthesis of Flucloxacillin (F419200), a new semisynthetic penicillin with broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.<br>References Macsari, I., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 3871 (2011); Cui, Y., et al.: Curr. Sci., 89, 531 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-Chloroethoxy Roxithromycin is an impurity of Roxithromycin (R700850); a semisynthetic Erythromycin (E649950) derivative and antibacterial.<br>References Jones, R.N., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 24, 209 (1983); Barry, A.L., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol., 5, 536 (1986); Grassi, C., et al.: Chemioterapia, 6, 41 (1987); Gasc, J.C., et al.: J. Antibiot., 44, 313 (1991);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Oxyfedrine acts as a vasodilator affecting the coronary base flow.<br>References Baraka, Y. et al.: J. Drug Res., 12, 161 (1980);<br></p>