Toxicology

Applications Bromophos-ethyl is a phenyl organothiophosphate insecticide used in the control of flies, mosquitos and other insects. It is also used as an aracacide to control ticks.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Brooke, J.P.: Int. Pest Control, 11, 18 (1969); LaBrecque, G.C. et al.: J. Econ. Entomol., 60, 760 (1967); Rueda H. et al.: Rev. Inst. Col. Agros., 3, 103 (1968)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 25-Deacetyl-23-acetyl Rifampicin is a structural isomer, and impurity, of Rifampicin (R508000), a semisynthetic antibiotic. Antibacerial (tuberculostatic).
References Furesz, et al.: Antibiot. Chemother., 16, 316 (1970), Gallo, G.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 5, 467 (1976),

Applications L-Glutaryl Carnitine-d6 Chloride is the isotope labelled analog of L-Glutaryl Carnitine (G597600) and a metabolite of L-Carnitine (C184110).
References Millington, D., et al.: J. Inherit. Metab. Dis., 13, 321 (1990), Chace, D., et al.: Clin. Chem., 49, 1797 (2003),

Applications It is a bisbiguanide with bacteriostatic activity. Antiseptic; disinfectant.
References Davies, G.E., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 9, 192 (1954), Foulkes, D.M., et al.: J. Periodontal Res., 8, 55 (1973),

Applications Isotope labelled Diethyl Oxalate is used in the synthesis of novel indole β-diketo acid derivatives as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Sechi, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 47, 5298 (2004);

Applications A deuterated prodrug of Penciclovir (P221500), which is used as an antiviral.
References Hodge, V.R.A., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 33, 1765 (1989),

Applications Intermediate in the production of Oseltamivir. It is a COVID19-related research product.
References Kim, C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 2451 (1998), Carbain, B., et al.: Chem. Med. Chem., 4, 335 (2009),

Applications Isotope labelled Vinclozolin (V314050), which is an agricultural fungicide which acts through an anti-androgenic mode of action, however is incapable of disrupting endocrine homeostasis (1). Affects male reproductive organs through increased gonad activity with spermatogenesis with deformities (2). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References 1. Flick, B. et al.: Arch. Toxicol. 2017 Apr;91(4):1941-1956.2. Watermann, B. et al.: J. Environ. Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2016 Nov 9;51(13):1111-20.

Applications METHYL 3,4,5-TRIMETHOXYCINNAMATE (cas# 20329-96-8) is a useful research chemical.

Applications Polythiazide is a thiazide diuretic. Polythiazide is used in the treatment of hypertension as well as nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis of the liver, and nutritional edema.
References Kaur, J. et al.: J. Ind. Med. Assoc., 48, 13, (1967); Lund-Johansen, P.: Acta Med. Scand., 187, 509 (1970); O'Brien, E.T. et al.: Br. Heart J., 34, 1042 (1972);

Applications Cabotegravir O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Cabotegravir (C050100), a long acting HIV-1 integrase inhibitor with action against a broad range of HIV subtypes.
References Yoshinaga, T. et al.: Antimicrob, Agents Chemother., 59, 397 (2015); Andrews, C. et al.: Sci. Transl. Med., 7, 270 (2015)

Applications Cefoxitin is a semi-synthetic antibiotic derived from Cephamycin C, possessing high resistance to β-lactamase inactivation. An antibacterial.
References Wallick, H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 5, 25 (1974), Brenner, G.S., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 11, 169 (1982),

Applications Isotope labelled analogue of Bifendate (B382890), a synthetic intermediate of Schisandrin C and also a anti-HBV drug used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
References Pan, S.Y., et al.: Euro. J. Pharmacol. 522, 170 (2006); Zeng, Y., et al.: Acta. Pharmacol. Sinica., 30, 478 (2009);

Applications Dorzolamide Maleic Acid Adduct, is the isomeric adduct resulting from the nucleophilic addition of Dorzolamide (D535100) to Maleic Acid. Dorzolamide, is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. It is an anti-glaucoma agent, and acts by decreasing the production of aqueous humour. It is used in the form of eye drops.
References Lippa, E.A., et al.: Ophthalmology, 98, 308 (1991), Wang, R.-F., et al.: Arch. Ophthalmol., 109, 1297 (1991), Whikehart, D., et al.: J. Ocul. Pharmacol., 7, 195 (1991), Sjoquist, B., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 26, 745 (1998),

Applications 8-Epitacrolimus is a new l-pipecolic acid macrolide lactone, an important immunosuppressive drug that blocks T cell proliferation in vitro by inhibiting the generation of several lymphokines, especially IL-2. 8-Epitacrolimus is also an Epimer of Tacrolimus (F370000).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Skytte, D.M., et al.: J. Nat. Prod.,73, 776 (2010); Rokaw, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 271, C194 (1996); Knoll, G.A., and Bell, R.C.: Brit. Med. J., 318, 1104 (1999);

Applications The main cis-monohydroxylated metabolite of Praziquantel (P702095).
References Buehring, K., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharm., 3, 179 (1978), Moldeus, P., et al.: Methods Enzymol., 52, 60 (1978), Cioli, D., et al.: Pharmacol. Ther., 68, 35 (1995),

Applications Ammeline is a metabolite of Melamine (1) (M208700), which acts as a non-protein nitrogen food additive (2). Also present in pet foods as well (3).Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.
References 1. Mast RW. et al.: Food Chem Toxicol. 1983 Dec;21(6):807-10.2. Ehling S. et al.: Food Addit Contam. 2007 Dec;24(12):1319-25.3. Vail T. et al.: J Anal Toxicol. 2007 Jul-Aug;31(6):304-12.

Applications Tefluthrin is a pyrethroid based insecticide. Tefluthrin is used in the control of a broad range of soil pests, including members of the Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References McDonald, E. et al.: Bright. Crop Prot. Conf. Pest Dis., 3, 1143 (1986); Jutsum, A.R. et al.: Bright. Crop Prot. Conf.

Applications N-Methylol Minocycline is a derivative of Minocycline Hydrochloride (M344800); a second generation tetracycline antibiotic. Antibacterial.
References Zbinovsky, V., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 323 (1977); Oringer, R.J., et al.: J. Periodontol., 73, 835 (2002); Chung, J.Y.L., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 49, 6095 (2008)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Metam-sodium-d3 Hydrate is labelled Metam-sodium (M225810,Hydrate; M258950, anhydrous) which is a soil fumigant that is widely used as a pesticide.
References Reif, D.M., et al.: Enviro. Health. Perspect., 118, 1714 (2010); Knight. A.W., et al.: Regulat. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 55, 188 (2009);

Applications 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one Hydrochloride is an isothiazolinone based biocide and preservative used in personal care products. It is also implicated as an allergen. 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is also used for controlling microbial growth in water-containing solution.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Collier, P.J., et al.: J. App. Bacteriol., 69, 578 (1990); Smaoui, S., et al.: Biocontrol. Sci., 17, 135 (2012); Lodders, N., et al.: System. App. Microbiol., 35, 246 (2012); Felix, J.S., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 403, 2869 (2012); Chem. and Eng. News, p.22 Dec. 15, 2014

Impurity Entecavir EP Impurity A
Applications An epimeric impurity of the antiviral drug Entecavir (E558900).

Applications Labelled Dimethyl Phosphate (D477600). Used in the synthesis of L,L- and L,D-di-myo-inositolphosphates.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Stieglitz, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 22863 (2002),

Applications Chlorantraniliprole is a pyrazolylpyridine insecticide and an activator of insect ryanodine receptor. Used in Pesticide detection.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Lahm, G.P., et al.: Bioactive. Heterocyclic. Compound. Class., 251, (2012);

Applications A major metabolite of Sulfadiazine.
References Woolley, J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 7, 94 (1979), Nielsen, P., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 35, 2509 (1986), Anari, M., et al.: Anal. Chem., 76, 823 (2004), Edlund, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 34, 1079 (2004),

Applications Alginic Acid is used in the synthesis of tissue engineering, or vesicles for drug delivery.
References Augst, A. et al.: Macromol. Bio. 6, 623 (2006); Chen, S. et al.: J. Contorl. Rel., 96, 285 (2004);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Organic reagent used to synthesize phthalates.
References Duchowicz, P.R., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 16, 7944 (2008), di Luccio, E., et al.: Biochem., 47, 4039 (2008), Lopez, Z., et al.: App. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 78, 739 (2008), Hong, Y., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 184, 139 (2009),

Applications Spinosyn A is a potent insecticide for pathogens of crops and disruptor of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package

Applications Ketoconazole-d3 is the labeled analogue of Ketoconazole (K186000), which inhibits cytochrome P-450 dependent steps in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in vivo. Antimetastatic and antineoplastic activity. Orally active 5-lipoxygenase and thromboxane synthase inhibitor.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Lambert, A., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 35, 3999 (1986); Van Wauwe, J.P. and Janssen, P.A.J., J. Med. Chem., 32, 2231 (1989); Nardone, P.A., et al.: . Surg. Res., 44, 425 (1988); Tucker, W.F.G., et al.: Br. Med. J., 293, 882 (1986)

Applications 4-Methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine can be used as reactant/reagent in preparation of N-phenylsulfony-N'-pyrimidinylureas as herbicides.
References Hamprecht, G., et al.: Ger. Offen., DE 4322726 A1 19950112 (1995)

Applications Fenazaquin is a non-systemic acaricide/insecticide used widely in controlling mites and other related pests in fruits, vegetables and tea.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Kumar, V.,et al.: Food. Chem. Toxicol., 44, 596 (2006); Duhan, A., et al.: Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 87, 180 (2011);

Applications Desethyldesisopropyl Atrazine is a metabolite of Atrazine (A794600).
References Adams, N., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 38, 1411 (1990), Abbas, R., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 147, 15, (1997), Cooper, R., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 2000, 53, 297 (2000), Hossain, M., et al.: Toxicology, 248, 52 (2008),

Applications cis-Tetrahydrophthalimide is an intermediate to synthesize cis-Captafol (C175740), which was used as a fungicide.
References Knight, A., et al.: Regulatory Toxicol. Pharmacol., 55, 188 (2009); Rotroff, D., et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part B Critical Rev., 13, 329 (2010)

Applications 1-Hydroxypyridine-2-thione Zinc is a fungicide; used in preparation of UV antibacterial and mildew-proof topcoat with better yellowing resistance and wear resistance.
References Feng, S., et al.: Faming Zhuanli Shenqing, (2021);

Impurity Abacavir API
Applications Abacavir (Abacavir API) is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.
References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)