Toxicology

<p>Applications It is listed as a known human carcinogen. Used in manufacturing of dyes, as antioxidant in rubber.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References IARC Monographs, 4, 97 (1974),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Dabrafenib is an inhibitor of mutated BRAF kinase and has clinical activity with a manageable safety profile in clinical trials of phase 1 and 2 in patients with BRAF(V600)-mutated metastatic melanoma.<br>References Hauschild, A., et al.: Lancet, 380, 358 (2012); Falchook, G.S., et al.: Lancet, 379, 1893 (2012); Ascierto, P.A., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 31, 3205 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Synthetic nonapeptide agonist analog of LH-RH. Antineoplastic (hormonal).<br>References Vilchez-Martinez, J.A., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 59, 1226 (1974), Sennello, L.T., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., et al.: 75, 158 (1986), Wheeler, J.M., et al.: Am.J. Obstet. Gynecol., 167, 1367 (1992), Eri, L.M., et al.: J. Urol., 150, 359 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ceftazidime EP Impurity A<br>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications ∆2-Ceftazidime, 90% (Ceftazidime EP Impurity A) is a Ceftazidime isomer, an impurity of Ceftazidime (C244100).<br>References Vilanova, B., et al.: Helv. Chim. Acta, 76, 2789 (1993), Zhou, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 84, 534 (1995), Baertschi, S., et al.: Chemother. 8, 353 (1997), Porra, R., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 18, 241 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Erythromycin Lactobionate is an antibiotic used to reduce the prevalence of drug resistant bacteria as well as keeping constant the efficacy of other antibacterial drugs.<br>References Kiso, S. et al.: Anticanc. Res., 20, 2827 (2000); Broad, J. et al.: Brit. J. Pharm., 168,1859 (2013); Itoh, Z., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 863(1984)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Tamoxifen (T006000). A nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist of interest in the treatment of some forms of breast cancer. Tamoxifen is a protein kinase C inhibitor, and induces apoptosis in human malignant glioma cell lines.<br>References Sutherland, R., et al.: Nature, 267, 434 (1977), Lerner, L., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 4177 (1990), Love, R., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 20 2559 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Dioxybenzone-d3 is an isotopic analog of Dioxybenzone (D486365), a compound used in sunscreen formulations to block out UVB and UVA harmful rays.<br>References Baumgartner, V. et al.: J. Planar. Chrom. Modern. TLC., 22, 19 (2009); Kunisue, T. et al.: Anal. Meth., 2, 707 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Calcium regulator. Preparation by reduction of Tachysterol. It is widely used for hypocalcemic hypoparathyroidism following surgical removal of parathyroids.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Schilling, T., et al.: Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes, 105, 237 (1997), Bushinsky, D., et al.: Lancet, 352, 306 (1998), Jehle, D., et al.: J. Med., 30, 39 (1999), Winer, K., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 88, 4214 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications An intermediate in the preparation of Omeprazole metabolites.<br>References Hoffmann, K., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 14, 341 (1986), Andersson, T., et al.: Brit. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 36, 521 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Succinylacetone (SA) is a specific marker for the inherited metabolic disease, hepatorenal tyrosinemia. It was developed a stable-isotope for the determination of SA in dried blood spots (DBS) and liquid urine using a 13C4-SA as internal standard. The method was applied retrospectively and prospectively for the diagnosis of hepatorenal tyrosinemia and for follow-up of patients under treatment.<br>References Kvittingen, E., et al.: Inher. Metab. Dis., 14, 554 (1991), Lindstedt, S., et al.: Lancet, 340, 813 (1992), Schulze, A., et al.: Clin. Chem., 47, 1424 (2001), Allard, P., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 37, 1010 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Selective herbicide. Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes and skin; dermatitis, skin sensitization; dyspnea, weakness, incoordination, salivation; hypothermia; liver injury.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs)<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Dalgaard-Mikkelsen, S., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 14, 225 (1962), Muller, K., et al.: J. Environ. Qual., 31, 309 (2002), Backhaus, T., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23, 258 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Thiamine (T344185). Essential nutrient required for carbohydrate metabolism; also involved in nerve function. Biosynthesized by microorganisms and plants. Dietary sources include whole grains, meat products, vegetables, milk, legumes and fruit. Also present in rice husks and yeast. Converted in vivo to Thiamine diphosphate, a coenzyme in the decarboxylation of α-keto acids. Chronic deficiency may lead to neurological impairment, bariberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.<br>References Kawaski, T., et al.: Methods Enzymol., 122, 15 (1986), Mascher, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 56 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications Nafronyl is a selective inhibitor of serotonin receptors. Nafronyl is a vasodilator used in the treatment of intermittent claudication.<br>References Fontaine, et al.: Chim. Ther., 4, 44 (1969), Bessin, P., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 10, 291 (1975), Clyne, C.A., et al.: Br. J. Surg., 67, 347 (1980),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive<br>Applications Rifabutin N-Oxide is a metabolite of Rifabutin (R505000) and like its parent compound it exhibits antibacterial activity.<br>References Medeiros, M., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., 44, (2004); Anand, R., et al.: Antimicrob. AG. Chemother., 32 (684 (1988), Skinner, M.H., et al.: Antimicrob. Agent Chemother., 33, 1237 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Amino-4-chlorobenzoic Acid is used in the preparation of quinazolinone derivatives observed to be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Also it aids in the synthesis of non-nucleoside, thumb pocket 2 HCV NS5B polymerase inhibitors used in Hepatitis C therapy.<br>References Stammers, T. et al.: Bioorg, Med, Chem. Lett., 23, 2585 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications 2-O-Methyl-α-D-N-acetylneuraminic Acid is a model compound for studies of binding of influenza virus hemagglutinin and metal ions.<br>References Sauter, N.K., et al.: Biochemistry, 28, 8388 (1989), Sharon, N., et al.: Science, 246, 227 (1989), Nagy, J.O., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 35 (23), (1992), Knibbs, R.N., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 268 (25), 18524 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Clindamycin Palmitate is a semi-synthetic antibiotic with high bioavailability. Clindamycin Palmitate is an antibacterial.<br>References Platzer, D., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 41, 84 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Used in the preparation of indolizine compounds for use in antifungal combination therapy.<br></p>

<p>Applications A non-immunosuppressive analog of Cyclosporin A.<br>References Twentyman, P. R., et al.: Brit. J. Cancer, 57, 254 (1988), Twentyman, P. R., et al.: Brit. J. Cancer, 65, 335 (1992), Schneider, H., et al.: Biochem., 33, 8218 (1994).<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity M<br>Applications Azithromycin (A927000) impurity. A degradation products of Azithromycin.<br>References Anon., et al.: Pharmaeuropa, 13, 750 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Sulfasalazine (S699084). An anti-inflammatory (gastrointestinal). Sulfasalazine has been used in granulomatous colitis.<br>References Schroder, H., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther.,13, 539 (1972), McDonnell, J.P., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 5, 515 (1976), Klotz, U., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet.,10, 285 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone (T155000) derivative. Intermediate in the preparation of Epostane (E588850).<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Propylphosphorothioic triamide is used to significantly reduce ammonia volatilization in urea.<br>References Sunderlage, B., et al.: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 82, 253 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications Acid Red 114 is an azo dye used in diagnostics and textiles industry. It is also present in wastewater and textile effluents contributing to environmental hazards.Environmental toxin on US EPA Toxic Release Inventory list (TRI) list.<br>References Yang, S. et al.: J. Env. Sci. Health., 52, 682 (2017); Ring, M. et al.: PLoS One., 10, e0116488 ((2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications The labelled analogue of a metabolite of Testosterone (T155000). It is a urinary metabolite of Androstenedione (A637550) in patients with Addison's disease and also used as a marker in blood plasma for detection of prostate cancer.<br>References Lokhov, P.G. et al.: Metabolomics, 6, 156 (2010); Bonnaire, Y. et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 19, 175 (1995); Tamm, J. et al.: Steroids, 8, 659 (1966);<br></p>

<p>Applications Mancozeb is a mixture of Maneb (M163500) and Zineb, a manganese and zinc (1:1) complex mixture with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Mancozeb is a foliate fungicide used to protect crops in agriculture. Mancozeb has a broader and more effective fungacidal activity than either of its component on their own. Mancozeb also significantly enhances the copper activity against several bacteriosis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Tang, M. et al.: Turang Tong., 41, 1365 (2010); Navneet; M. et al.: J. Ind. Botan. Soc., 74, 19 (1995); Lecigne, P. et al.: Phytoma, 531, 13 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Empagliflozin is a novel, potent and selective SGLT-2 inhibitor. It improves glycaemic control syndrome in diabetic rats.<br>References Thomas, L., et al.: Diabetes. Obesity. Metabol. 14, 94 (2012); Grempler, R., et al.: Diabetes. Obesity. Metabol., 14, 83 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) is a cationic surfactant used as a template in the synthesis of Mesoporous γ-Fe2O3.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Yu, H.-h., et al.: Gongneng Cailiao, 42, 2005 (2011),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cholinesterase inhibitor. Ectoparasiticide. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs) and used in Pesticide detection.Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698230).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chauzat, M., et al.: Env. Entomol., 38, 514 (2009), Raut, P., et al.: Pestol., 33, 21 (2009), Henseler, R., et al.: Toxicol., 261, 9 (2009), Banerjee, K., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 4068 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Movento is a synergistic insecticide. Useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Byrne, F., et al.: Crop. Prot., 25, 831 (2006), Kanrar, B., et al.: Bull Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 77, 631 (2006), Venkateswarlu, P., et al.: Food Chem., 105, 1760 (2007), Khay, S., et al.: Biomed. Chromatogr., 22, 581 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Prometryn is a methylthiotriazine herbicide used for the control of several annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. Prometryn works by inhibiting the electron transport in target broadleaves and grasses.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Qu, J.R.,et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 1148 (2012); Fenoll, J., et al.: J. Photochem. Photobiol., 238, 81 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Trichlorfon is an irreversible organophosophate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and the prodrug of Dichlorvos (D435950) (1,2). Trichlorfon have also shown potential actions to be utilized as an effective organophosphorus pesticide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References (1) Li, R., et al.: App. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 94, 1553 (2012) (2) Bakirci, G.T., et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 1901 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Opioid receptor agonist. Antispasmodic.<br>References Delvaux, M., et al.: J. Int. Med. Res., 25, 225 (1997), Lavit, M., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 50, 640 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Glyphosate-C2-d2 is an isotopic analog of Glyphosate (G765000) which is used as a herbicide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Davis, V., et al.: Weed Sci., 57, 494 (2009), Bellaloui, N., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 9050 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Bezafibrate-d4 (cas# 1189452-53-6) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Carbetamide-D5 is the labelled analogue of Carbetamide (C178028). Carbetamide is used in the determination of pesticides.<br>References Jia, W., et al.: Journal of Chromatogr. A., 1395, 160-166 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Menthol. Used for oral gel patch or film containing herb extracts or Chinese medicine, fruit extract, spearmint, and menthol for smoking cessation.<br>References Ikaheimo, I., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 46, 287 (2000), Gillet, Y., et al.: Lancet, 359, 753 (2002), Turos, E., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2002, 12, 2229 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Metyrapone acts as a glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitor, maintaining stress-hormone levels.<br>References Keller, C. et al.: Drug. Alc. Dep., 133, 405 (2013); Vilela, F. et al.: Neuroendocrinol., 97, 322 (2013);<br></p>