Toxicology

Applications ent-Entecavir is an enantiomeric impurity of the antiviral drug Entecavir (E558900).
References Ruediger, E. et al.: Tetrahed. Lett., 45, 739 (2004): Bisacchi, G.S. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 7, 127 (1997);

Applications Albuterol-d4, is the labeled analogue of Albuterol (A514500), a β2-adrenoceptor agonist, bronchodilator, and tocolytic.
References Brittain, R.T., et al.: Nature, 219, 862 (1968), Cullum, V.A, et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol. 35, 141 (1969), Martin, L.E., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 14, 183 (1971), Aboul-Enein, H.Y., Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 10, 665 (1981)

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications GW 501516 Sulfoxide is a urinary metabolite of GW1516, a drug candidate potentially enhancing athletic performance. GW 501516 Sulfoxide may be used or doping control purposes.
References Thevis, M., et. al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396, 2479 (2010)

Applications Potent inhibitor of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)

Applications 2-(Trifluoromethyl)benzoyl Chloride is used in the preparation of perfluorinated alkyl carboxanilides as soil insecticides.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Gajewski, R.P., et. al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 36, 174 (1988)

Applications A metabolite of Fenthion (FEN).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Buratti, F., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 167, 245 (2006), Buratti, F., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 33, 295 (2005), Buratti, F., et al.: Toxicology, 241, 33 (2007),

Impurity Fusidic Acid EP Impurity H
Applications 11-Keto Fusidic Acid (Fusidic Acid EP Impurity H) is a metabolite of Fusidic Acid.
References Godtfredsen, W.O., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 9, 15 (1966), Perry, M.J., et al.: J. Antibiot., 36, 1659 (1983),

Applications A labelled metabolite of carboxylic acid.
References Bardsley, W., et al.: Biochem. J., 122, 557 (1971), Kim, J., et al.: Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 69, 1331 (2005), Kopka, J., et al.: J. Biotechnol., 124, 312 (2006),

Applications Ginsenoside Re is an extract from ginger, responsible for some of the pharmacological functions. It displays cardiac contractility, anti-ischemic and anti-arrythmic activities.
References Peng, D. et al.: Chinese Med., 7, 2 (2012); Endale, M. et al.: Med. Inflamm., 748964/1 (2014);

Applications Testololactone, is the derivative of Testolactone (T154800), which is an antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and is used to treat advanced stage breast cancer.
References Dunkel, L.: Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 254, 207 (2006); Eugster, E. A.: Treat. Endocrinol., 3, 141 (2004); Holbeck, S.L. et al.: Mol. Cancer Therap., 9, 1451 (2010);

Applications A metabolite of Tramadol.
References Lintz, V.W., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch./Drug Res., 31, II, 11, 1932 (1981)

Applications Ethyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetate (CAS# 515-84-4) is a useful research chemical compound.

Applications An immunosuppressive. Inhibits T and B cell proliferation. Activity is attributed mainly to its metabolite, a malononitrile derivative, which is beleived to inhibit dihydroorotate dehydrogenase as well as several protein tyrosine kinases.This compound is suitable for dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) related research.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Vrenken, T., et al.: J. Hepatol., 49, 799 (2008), Mazzucco, G., et al.: Clin. Nephrol., 70, 163 (2008), Davies, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 2683 (2009),

Applications Homopravastatin is an impurity of Pravastatin (P702000).
References O'Connor, P., et al.: Br. Med. J., 300, 667 (1990), Vickers, S., et al.: Drug. Metab. Dispos., 18, 138 (1990), Ellison, D., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subst. Excipients, 22, 359 (1993), Reddy, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 32, 461(2003),

Applications Dicobalt Edetate is used as a cyanide antidote.
References Hall, A.H., et. al.: Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 39, 541 (2009); Higgins, M.A., Evans, R.: Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 19, 485 (2000); Krovzov, J., et. al.: P. W. Pharmacol. Soc., 37, 43 (1994)

Applications A highly selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist (with no anticholinergic, antiadrenergic, or antiserotonin activity) for use in the treatment of allergic disorders, especially rhinitis and urticaria.
References Simons, F.E.R.: Clin. Alp. Allergy, 29, 3 (1999); Brostoff, J. et al.: Allergy, 51, 251 (1996); Gensthaler, B.M.: Pharm. Zeit., 143, 228 (1998);

Applications L-Leucic Acid-d3 is the isotope labelled analog of L-Leucic Acid, a reagent in the synthesis of cryptophycins based macrocyclic depsipeptides which are used as tubulin inhibitors.
References Kumar, A., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 93, 55 (2015)

Applications Prasugrel is a platelet inhibitor that reduces aggregation of platelets by being a P2Y12(ADP receptor) inhibitor.

Applications Sethoxydim is a neuroplastin isoforms, a member of Ig superfamily. It is expressed and important in stereocilia of outer hair cells function. Also, it is derived from Crotonaldehyde (C818650), which is an αβ-unsaturated aldehyde and an alkylating agent that is commonly found in tobacco smoke and some foods. Crotonaldehyde is also a known mutagen and carcinogen.
References Zeng, W., et al.: J. Neurosci., 36, 9201-9216 (2016); Scherer, G., et al.: Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 26, 37 (2007); Zhang, S., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 19, 1386 (2006)

Stability Unstable in Solution
Applications Mesosulfuron-methyl can be used in biological study of targeted screening and safety evaluation of 276 agrochemical residues in raisins using buffered ethyl acetate extraction and liquid chromatography-​tandem mass spectrometry analysis.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Shabeer, T. P. A., et al.: Chemosphere, 184, 1036 (2017)

Applications 4-[(1-Ethylpropyl)amino]-2-methyl-3,5-dinitro-benzoic Acid is a metabolite of Pendimethalin (P221900), an herbicide used to control the spread of weedgrass.
References Haith, D., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 6496 (2010); Jabran, K., et al.: Int. J. Agric. Biol., 12, 335 (2010); Rahaman, S., et al.: Environ. Ecol., 28, 1 (2010); Zulalian, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 38, 1743-54 (1990);

Applications A related compound of Desloratadine (D290250).
References Krishna, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 32, 29 (2003), Qi, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 38, 355 (2005),

Applications Thifensulfuron is used as a herbicide, a chemical compound that function by inhibiting the action of a plant enzyme, stopping plant growth, and eventually killing the plant.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Battaglin, W. A., et al.: Sci. Total Environ., 248, 123(2000)

Applications 3-Chlorobenzotrichloride may be used as mosquito larvicide.
References Deonier, C.C., et. al.: Soap and Sanitary Chemicals, 22, 118 (1946)

Applications Antihistaminic, antiemetic, CNS depressant.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Edge, W., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 5, 279 (1953), Huang, et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 59, 772 (1970), Shearer, C.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 5, 429 (1976)

Applications 2-Cyano-2-(methoxyimino)acetic Acid is a cyano-oxime derivative used as a fungicide.
References Tellier, F., et al.: Pestic Biochem Physiol., 78, 151-160 (2004)

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Urolithin B Glucuronide counteracts trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-induced cell damage and other detrimental effects of the cardiovascular systems triggered by TMAO.
References Savi, M., et al.: Molecules, 23, 549 (2018)

Applications Aprindine is a long-acting antiarrhythmic agent, effective when administered orally or intravenously in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias of varying etiologies.
References Danilo, P. Jr., et al.: Am. Heart. J., 97, 119 (1979); Atarashi, H., et al.: Circulation. J., 66, 553 (2002);

Applications Estropipate is used in post-menopausal women for hormonal replacement therapy, with benefits to improved cognition and prevention of osteoporosis.
References Klaiber, E. et al.: Psychoneuroendocrinol., 22, 549 (1999); McCombs, J. et al.: Maturitas., 48, 271 (2004); Burkhardt, M. et al.: J. Alz. Dis., 6, 221 (2004);

Applications (S)-Ketamine-d6 Hydrochloride is labelled (S)-Ketamine (K165310, HCl salt) which is the more active enantiomer of the NMDA receptor antagonist and anesthetic agent Ketamine (K165300).
References Meliska, C.J. et al.: J. Pharmacol Exp. Therap., 212, 206 (1980); Smith, D.J. et al.: Neuropharmacology, 20, 391 (1981); Klockgether-Radke, A.P. et al.: Eur. J. Anaesthesiol., 22, 215 (2005)

Applications Edoxaban is an anticoagulant drug which acts as a direct factor Xa inhibitor.
References Ruff, C., et al.: Am. Heart J., 160, 635 (2010); Ogata, K., et al.: J. Clin. Pharm., 50, 73 (2010)

Stability Air Sensitive
Applications 4-Chloro-2-methylaniline
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package

Applications A metabolite of Digoxin (Dx) (D446575).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Fujii, Y., et al.: Clin. Chem., 37, 476 (1991), Salphati, L., et al.: Xenobiotica, 29, 171 (1999), Song, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 27, 689 (1999),

Applications HIV protease inhibitor; water soluble prodrug of amprenavir.
References Falcoz, C., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 42, 887 92002), Chapman, T.M., et al.: Drugs, 64, 2101 (2004)

Applications 2-(Methylthio)Benzothiazole could be useful for removing pollutants in drinking water.
References Di Marcantonio, C., et al.: Chemosphere, 260, 127630 (2020)

Applications Amylocaine Hydrochloride, is used mostly in spinal anesthesia.
References Fourneau, E.: Bulletin des sciences pharmacologiques, 10, 141 (1904); Debue-Barazer, C., et al.: Gesnerus, 64, 24 (2007)

Applications Macitentan, is an orally active endothelin receptor antagonist used for pulmonary arterial hypertension.
References Emoto, N. Ensho to Men'eki, 20, 487 (2012);

Impurity Efavirenz USP Related Compound B
Applications (E)-Dihydro Efavirenz (Efavirenz USP Related Compound B) is an impurity of the nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor Efavirenz (E425000).
References Weissburg, R.P. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 28, 45 (2002); Ribeiro, J.A.A. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 43, 298 (2007);