Toxicology

<p>Impurity Levothyroxine EP Impurity D / T4-Acetic Acid (USP)<br>Applications Thyroid hormone analogue. A potent Thyroxine impurity. T4-Acetic Acid (USP).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Horst, C., et al.: Biochem. J., 261, 945 (1989), Kvetny, J., et al.: Horm. Metab. Res., 24, 322 (1992), Yamauchi, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 274, 8460 (1999), Davis, P., et al.: J. Endocrinol. Invest., 25, 377 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygrscopic<br>Applications N1,N12-Diacetylspermine Dihydrochloride is a diacetylated derivative of Spermine (S680510) and is recognized as a novel tumor marker in patients with breast and colorectal cancers.<br>References Kato, M., et al.: Anticancer Res., 34, 3053 (2014); Umemori, Y., et al.: Clin. Chim. Acta, 411, 1894 (2010); Kawakita, M., et al.: J. Biochem., 139, 315 (2006); Hiramatsu, K., et al.: Clin. Cancer Res., 11, 2986 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications The 5-hydroxy analogue of the bronchodilator, Albuterol (A514500).<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Irinotecan<br>References Fujita, K., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 31, 2137 (2008), Sandanaraj, E., et al.: Pharmacogen. J., 8, 174 (2008), Chen, K., et al.: Chem. Biol., 15, 1277 (2008), Prijovich, Z., et al.: Mol. Canc. Ther., 8, 940 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ipratropium EP Impurity E<br>Applications N-Isopropyl Noratropine is a Noratropine derivative, an intermediate in the production of Ipratropium.<br>References Simms, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 17, 841 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Metoprolol Succinate is used in the treatment of patients suffering from chronic heart failure, as well as to treat blood pressure from mild hypertension. β-adrenoceptor antagonist or β-blocker.<br>References Yazici, H. et al Sci. World J., 608683/1, 7 (2013); Studinger, P. et al.: J. Clin. Hyper., 15, 910 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Analgesic; sedative; anesthetic.Controlled substance (opiate).<br>References DeRossi, R., et al.: Vet. J., 178, 294 (2008), Hoecker, J., et al.: Anesthesiol., 109, 95 (2008), Fliri, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 8038 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled 7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (H825130). 7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one is a metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501).<br>References Connor, W., et al.: J, Clin. Invest., 48, 1363 (1969),<br></p>

<p>References Zeun, R., et al.: Pest Manag. Sci., 69, 527 (2013); Oostendorp, M., et al.: Phytopathology, 101, S133 (2011); Olaya, G., et al.: Phytopathology, 101, S132 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Phorate Oxon Sulfone is a major metabolite of Phorate (P353500), an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Boshoff, P.R., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 27, 626 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Applications SB 242084 is a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist that displays 158- and 100-fold selectivity over 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors respectively. SB 242084 displays selectivity over a range of other 5-HT, dopamine and adrenergic receptors.SB 242084 os a brain penetrant; exerts anxiolytic-like activity.<br>References Bromidge, et al.: J. Med. Chem., 40, 3494 (1997), Kennet, et al.: Neuropharmacology, 36, 609 (1997), Dalton, et al.: Psychopharmacology, 185, 45 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications (-)-Biotin Sulfoxide, is a metabolite of Biotin (B389040), which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell, and plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications An alkylated dipeptide reported to be 6000 to 10000 times sweeter than sucrose; structurally related to Aspartame. A non-nutritive sweetener.<br>References Ranney, R., et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 2, 441 (1976), Padden, B.E., et al.: Anal. Chem., 71, 3325 (1999), Arai, H., et al.: Metabolism, 56, 115 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cefpodoxime Proxetil-d7 is the labelled form of Cefpodoxime Proxetil (C243860), an antibacterial. Cefpodoxime Proxetil is a broad spectrum, orally absorbed third generation cephalosporin, ester prodrug of the active free acid metabolite, Cefpodoxime (C243850).<br>References Fujimoto, K., et al.: J. Antibiot., 40, 370 (1987), Utsui, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 31, 1085 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications The main metabolite of Omeprazole.<br>References Renberg, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 17, 69 (1989), Calabresi, L., et al.: Pharmacol. Res., 49, 493 (2004), Yin, O., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 44, 582 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Hexazinone is a herbicide. It functions by inhibiting photosynthesis and thus is a nonselective herbicide. Hexazinone is a pervasive groundwater contaminant, due to its high water solubility.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kennedy, K., et al.: Weed Sci., 58, 317 (2010); Yanase, D., et al.: Pes. Biochem. Physio., 44, 60 (1992); Johnson, J., et al.: Tree Physio., 8, 371 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Applications Valifenalate is used in antibacterial compositions and method for controlling of plant disease with improved effect, fungicides preparation and phytosanitary treatments with fungicides.<br>References Gonnzalez-Alvarez, M., et al.: Food Chem., 131 826 (2012); Ogawa, M., et al.: PCT Int. Appl. (2016), WO 2016194971 A1 20161208<br></p>

<p>Applications It inhibits PDGFR tyrosine kinase with IC50=83nM. It is useful for the treatment of inflammation and as an anti-proliferative agent. Dual action VEGFR &amp; Raf inhibitor.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Leuner, C., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 50, 47 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Bisphenol A β-D-Glucuronide is the glucuronide conjugate and metabolite of bisphenol A (B519495), an monomer used for policarbonate and epoxy resins.<br>References Zalko, D., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 26, 28 (1998), Matthews, J., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxico., 14, 149 (2001), Kinjo, J., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27, 185 (2004), Murata, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 43, 2569 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Antineoplastic; non-selective steroidal aromatase inhibitor that prevents the conversion from androgen to estrogen. Used in in the treatment of familial male precocious puberty. An effective anti-tumor agent.<br>References Dunkel, L.: Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 254, 207 (2006); Eugster, E. A.: Treat. Endocrinol., 3, 141 (2004); Holbeck, S.L. et al.: Mol. Cancer Therap., 9, 1451 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Cyclopyrrolone member of a family of non-benzodiazepine GABAA receptor agonists. This is a controlled substance (depressant) in the US but not in Canada. Sedative, hypnotic.<br>References Noble, S., et al.: Drugs, 55, 277 (1998), Musch, B., et al.: Int. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 5, 147 (1990),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cyproconazole is a fungicide treatment for wood preservative that prevents decay from fungi in above-ground applications.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Aiello, D., et al.: Plant. Disease., 97, 37 (2013); Bakirci, G.T., et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 1901 (2012); Sugitate, K., et al.: J. Pesticides. Sci., 37, 148 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tenivastatin Calcium is derived from Simvastatin (S485000), which is a synthetic derivative of a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus. A competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase. A synthetic analog of Lovastatin. Antilipemic. Simvastatin, the drug, is sold under the trade name Zocor.<br>References Hoffman, W.F., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 849 (1986), Mol, M.J., et al.: Lancet, 2, 936 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A labelled antibacterial, a third-generation cephalosporin.<br>References Reiner, R., et al.: J. Antibiot., 33, 783 (1980)<br></p>

<p>Applications A neonicotinoid; the active ingredient in certain neuro-active insecticides. Reports show that when exposed to neonicotinid pesticides honeybees have problems returning home after foraging and bumblebee colonies grow poorly and produce fewer queens. Imidacloprid is useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698240).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Chauzat, M., et al.: Env. Entomol., 38, 514 (2009), Patial, A., et al.: Env. Ecol., 27, 320 (2009), Fernandez-Bayo, J., et al.: J. Agric., Food Chem., 57, 5435 (2009), Tomizawa, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 3735 (2009), Chem. and Eng. News 90: 10 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications L-3,6-Bis(β-chloroethyl)-2,5-diketopiperazine (cas# 1333325-25-9) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications An isotopically labelled, orally active antimycotic structurally related to Ketoconazole.A representative lot was 88% d5, 12% d4 with no d0. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Espinel-Ingroff, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 5 (1984), Heykants, J., et al.: Mycoses, 32, Suppl 1, 67 (1989), Sugar, A.M., et al.: Curr. Clin. Top. Infect. Dis., 13, 74 (1993),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Quinidine.<br>References Small, D.L., et al.: J. Chem. Med., 22, 1014 (1979), Guentert, T.W., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 7, 31 (1982), Rakhir, A., et al.: J. Pharmacokinet. Biopharm., 12, 1 (1984), Christie, D.J., et al.: J. Lab. Clin. Med., 112, 92 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Antibacterial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Weiner, I.M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 180, 411 (1972), Feldner, E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 12, 433 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Applications Methidathion is an organophosphate insecticide and was examined for human health and toxicological concerns.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hou, X., et al.: Food. Chem., 138, 1198 (2013); Mineau, P., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 34, 416 (2012;<br></p>

<p>Applications Used for oral gel patch or film containing herb extracts or Chinese medicine, fruit extract, spearmint, and menthol for smoking cessation.<br>References Gillet, Y., et al.: Lancet, 359, 753 (2002), Turos, E., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2002, 12, 2229 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Candesartan Cilexetil-d11 is the labeled analogue of Candesartan Cilexetil (C175580), is an ester prodrug; hydrolized in vivo to the active carboxylic acid. Used in treatment of congestive heart failure. Antihypertensive.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Shibouta, Y., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 266, 114 (1993), Ogihara, T., et al.: Clin. Ther., 16, 74 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications Deguelin exhibits potent apoptotic and antiangiogenic activities in a variety of transformed cells and cancer cells. Deguelin also exhibits potent tumor suppressive effects in xenograft tumor models for many human cancers.<br>References Chang, D.J.. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 55, 10863 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Hydroxy Warfarin β-D-Glucuronide Disodium Salt Hydrate, is a metabolite of Warfarin (W498500) in humans.<br>References Barbato, F., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 86, 225 (1997), Kavana, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 42, 10238 (2003), Franco, A., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 28, 458 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Bialaphos Sodium Salt is a herbicide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Mase, S.: Japan Pesticide Info., 45, 27 (1984)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol is a powerful toxicant with a long history of use in agriculture as a herbicide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Heusinkveld, H. J., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 252, 62 (2016), Bettiol, C., et al.: Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 23, 7398 (2016)<br></p>

<p>Applications Anthracene is obtained from coal tar. It is an important source of many dyes.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs)<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications JNJ 42041935 is a selective hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) enzyme inhibitor. It can potentially be used for the treatment of inflammation-induced anemia.<br>References Barrett, T., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 79, 910 (2011); Thirstrup, K., et al.: Pharmacol. Res., 64, 268 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Daidzein (D103500) metabolite.<br>References Fang, N., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 2700 (2002), Tsuchihashi, R., et al.: Nat. Med., 58, 71 (2004), Hosoda, K., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 36, 1485 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Daidzein-7-sulfate-4’-β-D-glucuronide disodium salt is a Daizein (D103500) metabolite.<br>References Adlercreutz, H;., et al.: J. Steroid Mol. Biol., 52, 97 (1995), Kinjo, J., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 27, 185 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Phorate Oxon is a toxic metabolite of Phorate (P353500), an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase.<br>References Bowman, M.C. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 17, 138 (1969); Hong, J.U. et al.: Han’guk Nong. Hakh., 26, 104 (1983); Szeto, S. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 30, 1082 (1982);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Thiamine (T344185). Essential nutrient required for carbohydrate metabolism; also involved in nerve function. Biosynthesized by microorganisms and plants. Dietary sources include whole grains, meat products, vegetables, milk, legumes and fruit. Also present in rice husks and yeast. Converted in vivo to Thiamine diphosphate, a coenzyme in the decarboxylation of α-keto acids. Chronic deficiency may lead to neurological impairment, bariberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.<br>References Kawaski, T., et al.: Methods Enzymol., 122, 15 (1986), Mascher, H., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 56 (1993),<br></p>