Toxicology

<p>Applications Difethialone is an anticoagulant rodenticide widely used to control rodent infestations.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Eason, C., et al.: Ecotoxicology, 11, 35 (2002), Hegdal, P., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 7, 245 (1988), Stone, W., et al.: Environ. Contam. Tox., 70, 34 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(Trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide (TFNA-AM) is a metabolite of Flonicamid (F405710); a novel insecticide with rapid inhibitory effect against aphid feeding.<br>References Chen, G., et al.: Sepu, 30, 555 (2012); Morita, M., et al.: Pest. Manag. Sci.,63, 969 (2007); Sabatino, L., et al.: Food. Additive. Contamin., 6, 11 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications Analgesic; antipyretic; anti-inflammatory; antithrombotic.<br>References Hart, E.R., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 89, 205 (1947), Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 8, 1 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Applications (±)-Mianserin-d3 HCl (methyl-d3) (CAS# 1219804-97-3) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Reactive Violet 5 is an azo textile dye used in the textile and fabrics and paper-printing industries.<br>References Kodam, K. et al.: World J. Microbiol.Biotechnol., 21, 367 (2005); Moosvi, S. et al.: World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 21, 667 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Metazachlor Ethane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is an ethanesulfonate metabolite of Metazachlor (M225855), which is a chloroacetanilide herbicide.<br>References Laue, H., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 1129 (1996); Matthies, M., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 9223 (2009); Hollender, J., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 7862 (2009); Dresen, S., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396, 2425 (2010); Liu, B., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 2673 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isovaleryl L-Carnitine-d9 Chloride is labelled Isovaleryl L-Carnitine Chloride (I917580) which is used to prepare carnitine benzyl esters as neuroprotectant prodrugs.<br>References Gong, X., et al.: J. Chem. Res., 6, 327 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) Phosphate is a derivative of Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) Phosphate, a widely used flame retardant in plastic and textiles.<br>References Elliott, W.C., et al.: Life. Sci., 7, 1107 (1983);<br></p>

<p>Applications Triforin is an amide fungicide.<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Isotope labelled S-enantiomer metabolite of tobacco, a specific N-nitrosamines with carcinogenic activity.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hoffmann, D., et al.: Cancer Res., 39, 2505 (1979), Hecht, S., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 11, 559 (1998), Hecht, S., et al.: Mutation. Res., 424, 127 (1999), Wang, M., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 16, 616 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications An acylamino acid fungicide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ravelo-Perez, L., et al.: Food Chem., 111, 764 (2008), Wong, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 5897 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dicyclopentadiene is used in the preparation of poly(ionic liquid) brushes, used in anti-bacterial and anti-biofouling applications. Also used in the preparation of copolymer structures in the synthesis of nanocapsules.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ye, Q. et al.: J. Mat. Chem., 22, 13123 (2012); Fickert, J. et al.: Macromol., 46, 573 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Endosulfan Sulfate is a pesticide used in the control and protection of plant and vegetation. Endosulfan Sulfate is useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698230).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Weston, D. et al.: Env. Sci. Tech., 38, 2752 (2004); Antonious, G. et al.: Env. Tox. Chem., 16, 644 (1997);<br></p>

<p>Applications An anticholinergic. Used as an antispasmodic.<br>References Zhang, L., et al.: Pharm. Res., 25, 1902 (2008), Sanderson, H., et al.: Toxicol Lett., 187, 84 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Diphenyl Phosphate is an organophosphate diester and metabolite of the flame retardant Triphenyl Phosphate (T808990) and also a metabolite of 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate.<br>References Cooper, E.M. et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 401, 2123 (2011); Nishimaki-Mogami, T. et al.: Arch. Toxicol., 61, 259 (1988);<br></p>

<p>Applications Boscalid is a fungicide belonging to the class of carboxamides. Boscalid acts by inhibiting spore germination, germ tube elongation and is also effective on all other stages of fungal development. Boscalid is used in the agriculture to protect crops from gray mold, powdery mildew and other fungus. Used in Pesticide detection. Boscalid is useful in cannabis testing kits as a component of pesticide mixes (P698235).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Yan, F. et al.: Nongyao, 47, 132 (2008); Lozowicka, B. et al.: Prog. Plant Prot., 48, 1211 (2008); Stammler, G. et al.: Int. Plant Prot. Cong. Proc. 16th Glas. U.K., 1, 40 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate EP Impurity B<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Betamethasone 21-Phosphate Disodium Salt (Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate EP Impurity B) is a Betamethasone derivative. It is a glucocorticoid steroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties which can be used in treatment of asthma and itching.<br>References Kerns, E., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 90, 1838 (2001), Seidler, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 46, 4477 (2003), Alsenz, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 96, 1748 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Antipsychotic.<br>References Schafer, E.W., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 21, 315 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Applications Picloram is used as a herbicide. Studies show that Picloram can reduce seed germination rate and vigor as well as seedling growth in Bidens pilosa L.<br>References Freitas, M.R., et al.: RSC Adv., 5, 7547 (2015); Tian, X., et al.: Nongyao, 53, 485 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications Mono N-Desmethyl Disperse Polyester Dark Blue is a disperse dye for synthetic polyester fibers. It has good heat and light resistance and is used for thermal transfer recording.<br>References Peters A. T., et al.: J. Soc. Dyers Colour, 108(7-8), 344-8 (1992)<br></p>

<p>Applications Orally active inhibitor of central and peripheral catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Antiparkinsonian.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Dingemanse, J., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 57, 508 (1995), Keating, K.A., Drugs, 19, 165 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isotope labelled Melamine (M208703), which forms synthetic resins with formaldehyde. It remains largely non-metabolized in male Wistar rats with 90% of the administered dose excreted in the urine (1,2) and thus acts as a non-protein nitrogen food additive found in milk (3). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), environmental, and food contaminants.<br>References 1. Mast, R. et al.: Food Chem Toxicol. 1983 Dec;21(6):807-10.2. Smith, J. et al.: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1994 Apr;125(2):296-308.3. Anirudhan, T. et al.: Food Chem. 2017 Jul 15;227:85-92.<br></p>

<p>Applications FOY 251-D4 is a labelled analogue of FOY 251 (F754500).<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Carboprost Tromethanimine is the salt of Carboprost (C177580), an analog of prostaglandin F2α.<br>References Weeks, J.R., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 67, 186 (1973), Csapo, A.I., et al.: Prostaglandins, 18, 479 (1979), Schwallie, P.C., et al.: J. Reprod. Med., 23, 289 (1979), Mapa, M.P., et al.: Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet., 20, 125 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications Estradiol-13C2 17-Benzoate is an intermediate in the synthesis of 17β-Estradiol-13C2 (E888003). Isotope labelled 17β-Estradiol (E888000) is the major estrogen (1) secreted by the premenopausal ovary (2).<br></p>

<p>Applications Heparin is a heterogeneous mixture of variably sulfated polysaccharide chains. It acts as an anti-coagulant, due to various antithrombin binding sites along the molecular structure.<br>References Kelton, J. et al.: J. Thromb. Haemost., 10, 1446 (2012); Gouin-Thibault, I. et al.: J. Thromb. Haemost., 101, 986 (2009); Merck Index 14th ed. 804;<br></p>

<p>Impurity Efavirenz USP Related Compound B<br>Applications (E)-Dihydro Efavirenz (Efavirenz USP Related Compound B) is an impurity of the nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor Efavirenz (E425000).<br>References Weissburg, R.P. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 28, 45 (2002); Ribeiro, J.A.A. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed. Anal., 43, 298 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications Antibacterial.<br>References Manius, G.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 445 (1978), Roth, B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 379 (1980), Brogden, R.N., et al.: Drugs, 23, 405 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications Antineoplastic; one derivative of cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Potel, J., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 21, 1250 (1971), Bria, E., et al.: Cancer Treat. Rev., 32, 583 (2006), Faivre, S., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 24, 25 (2006).<br></p>

<p>Applications Methotrexyl-N’-biotinylethylenediamine is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled acetylsalicylic acid impurity B.<br>References Walter, M., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 1996, 239, 281 (1996), Bantignies, B., et al.: Plant Mol. Biol., 42, 871 (2000), Bais, H., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 32413 ( 2003), Finkler, C., et al.: Genetica, 124, 117 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Cyano-6-(methylsulfonyl)-7-nitro-9H-xanthen-9-one is an impurity of Mesotrione (M225765), a herbicide that works by inhibiting 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), a crucial enzyme for the biosynthesis of carotenoid in plants. Mesotrione is also a synthetic analog of lepospermone.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Deng, L., et al.: Indus. Crops. Prod., 39, 154 (2012); Pileggi, M., et al.: Chemosphere., 86, 1127 (2012); McElroy, J., S., Hort. Technol.,22, 627 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Agricultural fungicide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Cohen, S., et al.: Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 40, 531 (2010), Wong, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 5884 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications p-Cresol Sulfate Potassium Salt-d4 is the labelled analogue of p-Tolyl Sulfate Potassium Salt (T536805), the major component of urinary myelin basic protein-like material and is derived through the secondary metabolism of p-cresol (C781900).<br>References Cuoghi, A., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 404, 2097 (2012); Wu, I.W., et al.: Nehphrol. Dial. Transplan., 27, 1169 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications 17beta-Estradiol-16,16,17-d3 3-Benzoate (CAS# 1192354-74-7) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications Shows antioxidant effects. Antiseptic.<br>References Wong, S., et al.: Clin. Chem., 33, 214 (1987), Daood, H., et al.: Food Chem., 55, 365 (1996), Zainol, M., et al.: Food Chem., 81, 575 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Vancomycin Impurity<br>Applications An impurity in Vancomycin.A representative lot was 75% by HPLC with less than 0.1% vancomycin.<br>References Marshall, F.J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 8, 18 (1965), Sheldrick, G.M., et al.: Nature, 271, 223 (1987), Dutca-Melan, S., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 33, 24 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity B<br>Applications Azithromycin B (Azithromycin EP Impurity B), is an impurity of Azithromycin (A927000), a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic, and related to Erythromycin A.<br>References Langtry, H.D., et al.: Drugs, 56, 273 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Bictegravir, is a novel, potent inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase with an IC50 of 7.5 nM.<br>References Tsiang M. et al.: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Nov 21;60(12):7086-7097;<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Tapentadol (T007200).<br>References Terlinden, R., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 32, 163 (2007), Tzschentke, T., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 323, 256 (2007), Wade, W., et al.: Clin. Ther., 31, 2804 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Norethindrone EP Impurity D<br>Applications Norethynodrel (Norethindrone EP Impurity D) is a progestin used in Enovid, an oral contraceptive, also used in the treatment of endometriosis and hypermenorrhea.<br>References Palmer K., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 167, 207 (1969), Liu, L., et al.: Endocrinology., 151, 5782 (2010), Sonneveld, E., et al.: Toxicol. in Vitro, 25, 545 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications (9Z,12E)-Tetradecadien-1-yl Acetate is a sex pheromone component of Noctuidae in Antilles.<br>References Renou, M., et al.: Colloques - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 46, 21 (1988); Teal, P. E. A., et al.: J. Chem. Ecol., 11, 717 (1985); Tamaki, J., et al.: Dokl. Soobshch. - Mezhdunar. Kongr. Zashch., 5, 132 (1975)<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture sensitive<br>Applications Fenclofenac Glucuronide is a metabolite of Fenclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Mild immunosuppressive agent.<br>References Lim, C. et al.: Metabolism, 44, 1008 (1995); Spiers, E. et al.: Int. J. Immunopharmacol., 15, 865 (1993);<br></p>

<p>Applications Triflumuron is a benzoylphenylurea insecticide. Triflumuron is a chitin synthesis inhibitor used to control insects pests such as mosquitos and flies.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Schaefer, C.H.: J. Econ. Entomol., 71, 427 (1978); Zoebelein, G. et al.: Zeitsch. Angew. Entomol., 89, 289 (1980); Chang, S.C.: J. Econ. Entomol., 77, 479 (1979);<br></p>

<p>Applications Flufenoxuron is a known insecticide and acts as an insect growth regulator by inhibiting chitin synthesis.<br>References Abbaszadeh, G., et al.: Pesticide. Res. J., 23, 52 (2011); Yang, A., et al.: Food. Control., 28, 99 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications A classical β-adrenergic agonist in retina in interlaboratory study.<br>References Horwitz, W., et al.: Anal. Chem., 54, 67 (1982), Gowik, P., et al.: Analyst, 125, 1103 (2000),<br></p>