Toxicology

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Antipsychotic.<br>References Schafer, E.W., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 21, 315 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Applications A Phenothiazine (P318040) analog. Antipsychotic.<br>References Sartorelli, A.C., et al.: Experientia, 21, 457 ( 1965),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Clopidogrel, an antithrombotic.<br>References Mills, D.C.B., et al.: Arterioscler. Thromb., 12, 430 (1992), Feuerstein, G., et al.: Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 4, 425 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Applications FOY 251-D4 is a labelled analogue of FOY 251 (F754500).<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Carboprost Tromethanimine is the salt of Carboprost (C177580), an analog of prostaglandin F2α.<br>References Weeks, J.R., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 67, 186 (1973), Csapo, A.I., et al.: Prostaglandins, 18, 479 (1979), Schwallie, P.C., et al.: J. Reprod. Med., 23, 289 (1979), Mapa, M.P., et al.: Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet., 20, 125 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Chlorhexidine Digluconate Impurity K was found in a study of the kinetics of chlorhexidine hydrolysis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zong, Z., Lee, E.K.: J. Pharm. Sci., 101, 2417 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of Lamivudine (L172500).<br>References Burgess, K., et al.: Chem. Rev., 100, 2047 (2000), Gallois-Montbrun, S., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 68, 1749 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Secnidazole (S225000). Analog of Metronidazole. Antiamebic. Antiprotozoal (Trichomonas).<br>References Cosar, C., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 16, 23 (1966), Videau, D., et al.: Br. J. Vener. Dis., 54, 77 (1978), Symonds, J., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 5, 484 (1979),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cloxacillin is an antibiotic that belongs to the group of the isoxazolylpenicillins. Cloxacillin is used to treat infections caused by species of staphylococci that produce beta-lactamase due to its inhibitory effects on beta-lactamase binding.<br>References Gibbs, D.L. et al.: Curr. Microbiol., 2, 239 (1979); Dmitrova, D. et al.: Farmat., 48, 28 (2001); CRaven, N. et al.: Res. Vet. Sci., 29, 57 (1980);<br></p>

<p>Applications A new Sildenafil (S435000) analogue detected as food adulterant.<br>References Gratz, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 36, 525 (2004), Lai, K., et al.: J. Food Drug Anal., 14, 19 (2006), Oh, S., et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 69, 1951 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications A sulfometabolite of Moxifloxacin (M745000).<br>References Dalhoff, A., et al.: Drugs, 58, 239 (1999), Ahmed, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 60, 55 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Tapentadol (T007200).<br>References Terlinden, R., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 32, 163 (2007), Tzschentke, T., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 323, 256 (2007), Wade, W., et al.: Clin. Ther., 31, 2804 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Norethindrone EP Impurity D<br>Applications Norethynodrel (Norethindrone EP Impurity D) is a progestin used in Enovid, an oral contraceptive, also used in the treatment of endometriosis and hypermenorrhea.<br>References Palmer K., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 167, 207 (1969), Liu, L., et al.: Endocrinology., 151, 5782 (2010), Sonneveld, E., et al.: Toxicol. in Vitro, 25, 545 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications (9Z,12E)-Tetradecadien-1-yl Acetate is a sex pheromone component of Noctuidae in Antilles.<br>References Renou, M., et al.: Colloques - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 46, 21 (1988); Teal, P. E. A., et al.: J. Chem. Ecol., 11, 717 (1985); Tamaki, J., et al.: Dokl. Soobshch. - Mezhdunar. Kongr. Zashch., 5, 132 (1975)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Second generation tetracycline antibiotic. This compound has neuroprotective properties.<br>References Zbinovsky, V., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 323 (1977), Oringer, R.J., et al.: J. Periodontol., 73, 835 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefuroxime Sodium EP Impurity A<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Descarbamoyl Cefuroxime (Cefuroxime Sodium EP Impurity A) is a degradation product of Cefuroxime, and an intermediate for the synthesis of Cephalosporin antibiotics<br>References Nomura, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 17, 12 (1974), Takaya, T., et al.: J. Antibiotics, 34, 1300 (1981), Wang, D., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 83, 577 (1994), Okamoto, Y., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 85, 985 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Fusidic Acid EP Impurity G<br>Applications 3-Keto Fusidic Acid (Fusidic Acid EP Impurity G) is a metabolite of Fusidic Acid.<br>References Godtfredsen, W.O., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 9, 15 (1966), Perry, M.J., et al.: J. Antibiot., 36, 1659 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Efavirenz (E42500). A nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Young, S.D., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 39, 2602 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications Echinacoside Ethanolate is a caffeic acid glycoside, known for its neuroprotective, antiinflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. Also an anti[proliferative towards hypoxia influenced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.<br>References Gai, X. et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 126, 155 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Abacavir 5’-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Abacavir (A105000). Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.<br>References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Labelled Eugenol is a dental compound which shows cytotoxicity to human oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral cells. When glucosylated, this compound exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.<br>References Koh, T. et al.: In Vivo, 27, 85 (2013); Zhang, P. et al.: Arch. Pharm. Res., 36, 109 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-Hydroxyethanephosphonic acid is an substrate used in the study of 2-hydroxyethylphosphonate dioxygenase reaction mechanism. 2-Hydroxyethanephosphonic Acid is also a required intermediate in labelled Fosfomycin (F727502) biosynthesis.<br>References Hirao, H., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133, 14550 (2011); Hidaka, T., et al.: J. Antibiot., 45, 1008 (1992); Patel, S., et al.: Drugs, 53, 637 (1997); Ribes, S., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 57, 931 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-(Carboxymethyl)amphetamine Hydrochloride is a synthetic amphetamine-class analyte with potential pharmaceutical properties.<br>References Seiler, N. et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 38, 4603 (1966);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isotope labelled 1,6-Anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose (A648100), an compound that have been proven to be a valuable synthon for the preparation of various biologically important and structurally diverse products (e.g. rifamycin S, indanomycin, thromboxane B2, (+)-biotin, tetrodotoxin, quinone, and macrolide antibiotics) as well as for modified sugars.<br>References Fraser-Reid, B., et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 731 (1984); Edwards, M.P., et al. J. Org. Chem. 49, 3503 (1984); Kelly, A.G., and Roberts, J.S. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 228, (1980); Ogawa, T., et al. Carbohydr. Res. 57, C31 (1977); Isobe, M., et al. Tetrahedron Lett. 28, 6485 (1987);<br></p>

<p>Applications Roscovitine is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Roscovitine has been found to produce apoptosis in treated cancerous cells of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other cancers. Studies show that Roscovitine displays increased anti-mitotic activity at the G1/S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Roscovitine maybe useful in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), leukemia, HIV infection, herpes simplex infection, and the mechanisms of chronic inflammation disorders.<br>References De Azevedo, W.F. et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 43, 518 (1997); Planchais, S. et al.: Plant J., 12, 191 (1997); Mgbonyebi O.P. et al.: Anticancer Res., 18, 751 (1998); MacCallum, D.E. et al.: Cancer Res., 65, 5399 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Derivative of Artemisinin (A777500). Antimalarial, used to treat strains of malaria which are multi-drug resistant.<br>References Hombhanje, F., et al.: Pharma., 3, 3581 (2010), Michael, O., et al.: Malaria J., 9, 335 (2010), Cesar, I., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 54, 114 (2011),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Hydroxytryptamine (cas# 50-67-9) is a useful research chemical.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Colinesterase inhibitor. Used as insecticide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Edson, E.F., et al.: Pharm. J., 185, 365 (1960), Pozo, O., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 389, 1765 (2007), Mezcua, M., et al.: Anal. Chem., 81, 913 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Hydrochlorothiazide EP Impurity C<br>Applications N-[[7-(Aminosulfonyl)-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-4-yl]methyl]-6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-1,1-dioxo-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide (Hydrochlorothiazide EP Impurity C) is an impurity in bulk Hydrochlorothiazide. Dimer Impurity C.<br>References Daniels, S.L., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 70, 211 (1981), Fang, X., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 691 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Azithromycin EP Impurity L<br>Applications Azithromycin N-Oxide (Azithromycin EP Impurity L) is an Azithromycin (A927000) impurity. A degradation products of Azithromycin.<br>References Anon., et al.: Pharmaeuropa, 13, 750 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Piracetam (P500800). Nootropic.<br>References Gobert, J., et al.: J. Pharm. Belg., 27, 281 (1972), Oosterveld, W.J., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 30, 1947 (1980), Chouinard, G., et al.: Psychopharmacol. Bull., 17, 129 (1981),<br></p>

<p>Applications WP 155, is a pesticide that has mutagenic effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus nidulans, which was verified by comparing with standard mutagen methylmethansulfonate.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References De Bertoldi, M., et al.: Environ. Mutagen., 2, 359 (1980)<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Fenthion, an organothiophosphate insecticide. Fenthion is also a potent acaricide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Pati, B.R. et al.: Plant Soil, 80, 215 (1984); Barros, A.T. et al.: Vet. Parasitol., 96, 243 (2001); Kyriakidis, N.V. et al.: Food Chem., 91, 241 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Triallate is a pesticide.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Schneider, M., et al.: J. Environ. Qual., 42, 844 (2013); Busi, R., et al.: Pest Manag. Sci., 69, 1379 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Cefoperazone EP Impurity E<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid (Cefoperazone EP Impurity E) is the starting material for semi-synthetic cephalosporins. Obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of cephalosporin C.<br>References Matsuda, A., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 169, 5815 (1987), Aramori, I., et al.: J. Ferment. Bioeng., 72, 227 (1991), Park, S., et al.: J. Biosci. Bioeng., 94, 218 (2002), Takimoto, A., et al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 65, 263 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications An antipsychotic.A representative lot was 92% d8, 8% d7.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Stille, et al: Farnaco, Ed. Prat., 26, 603 (1971), Hane, J.M., et al.: Psychopharmacol. Bull., 24, 62 (1988), Meltzer, H.Y.: J. Clin. Psychiatry, 55, Suppl. B, 47 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ondansetron EP Impurity E / Clotrimazole EP Impurity D<br>Applications Imidazole (Ondansetron EP Impurity E) is a versatile heterocycle used in the preparation of various biologically active compounds such as the amino acid histidine and is present in many antifungal medication. It is also used extensively as a corrosion inhibitor on transition metals such as copper.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Arispe, N. et al.: Biophys. J., 95, 4879 (2008); Troesken, E.R. et al.: Endo. Res., 30, 387 (2004); Otmacic Curkovic, H. et al.: Corr. Sci., 51, 2342 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Bis(1-methyl-2-hydroxyethyl) Ether is a metabolite formed during the aerobic degradation of polypropylene glycol by Corynebacterium species. An ether found in smoke condensate from nonfiltered cigarettes.<br>References Kawai, F. et al.: J. Fermentat. Techn., 63, 239 (1985); Schumacher, J. et al.: J. Agr. Food. Chem., 25, 310 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Applications The major labelled metabolite of Thiocolchicoside (TCC), a muscle relaxant drug.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sandouk, P., et al.: Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 15, 87 (1994), Perucca, E., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet., 20, 301 (1995), Advokat, C., et al.: Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 63, 527 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Levofloxacin Descarboxy Impurity<br>Applications A degradation product of Levofloxacin (L360000).<br>References Wong, F., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 15, 765 (1997), Singh, G., et al.: Pharmazie, 43, 134 (1988), Radi, A., et al.: Talanta, 58, 319 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Testosterone Enanthate is a derivative of testosterone (T155000), the principal hormone of the testes, produced by the interstitial cells.<br>References Janjic, M.M., et al.: Reproduct. Toxicol., 34, 686 (2012); Lacreuse, A., et al.: Physiol. Behaviour., 106, 229 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Hydroxy-6-trifluoromethylpyridine<br></p>

<p>Applications Potent inhibitor of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications GW 501516 Sulfoxide is a urinary metabolite of GW1516, a drug candidate potentially enhancing athletic performance. GW 501516 Sulfoxide may be used or doping control purposes.<br>References Thevis, M., et. al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 396, 2479 (2010)<br></p>