Toxicology

Applications rac-Naproxen 2-Propyl Ester is an impurity of Naproxen (N377520) an non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent.
References Mermerian, A.H., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 5604 (2005); Melgar-Fernande., et al.: Tetrahedron. Lett., 46, 1221 (2005);

Applications Clindamycin (C580000) derivative. Used in the preparation of Clindamycin impurities.

Applications 5,5-Dimethyl-2-[[(phenylacetyl)amino]methyl]-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic Acid-d5 is the isotope labelled analog of 5,5-Dimethyl-2-[[(phenylacetyl)amino]methyl]-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic Acid. 5,5-Dimethyl-2-[[(phenylacetyl)amino]methyl]-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic Acid is a degradation product of Penicillins.
References Kiener, P.A., et al.: Biochem. J., 169, 197 (1978), Hilder, E., et al.: Electrophoresis, 23, 414 (2002), Pajchel, G., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 32, 59 (2003),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Isotope labelled 1,6-Anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose (A648100), an compound that have been proven to be a valuable synthon for the preparation of various biologically important and structurally diverse products (e.g. rifamycin S, indanomycin, thromboxane B2, (+)-biotin, tetrodotoxin, quinone, and macrolide antibiotics) as well as for modified sugars.
References Fraser-Reid, B., et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 731 (1984); Edwards, M.P., et al. J. Org. Chem. 49, 3503 (1984); Kelly, A.G., and Roberts, J.S. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 228, (1980); Ogawa, T., et al. Carbohydr. Res. 57, C31 (1977); Isobe, M., et al. Tetrahedron Lett. 28, 6485 (1987);

Applications 4-Chloro-3-fluorobenzoic Acid is a very useful precursor. It is a reagent used to synthesize 6-Hydroxy Albaconazole (H761395) which is a metabolite of Albaconazole (A511450), an antifungal agent as neuroprotectant.
References Pujol, I., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 39, 163 (1997), Gilgado, F., et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 43, 4930 (2005), Raad, I., et al.: Clin. Infect. Dis., 42, 1398 (2006), Nucci, M., et al.: Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 20, 695 (2007),

Applications (Z)-1,1'-(2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)prop-1-ene-1,3-diyl)bis(1H-1,2,4-triazole) is an impurity of Fluconazole (F421000), an antifungal.
References Richard, K. et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 27, 832 (1985),

Applications 5-​[[[(2,​4-​Difluorophenyl)​methyl]​amino]​carbonyl]​-​1-​(2,​2-​dimethoxyethyl)​-​1,​4-​dihydro-​3-​methoxy-​4-​oxo-2-pyridinecarboxylic Acid Methyl Ester is an intermediate in the synthesis of Cabotegravir-d3 (C050102), which is the labelled form of Cabotegravir (C050100). Cabotegravir is a long acting HIV-1 integrase inhibitor with action against a broad range of HIV subtypes.
References Yoshinaga, T. et al.: Antimicrob, Agents Chemother., 59, 397 (2015); Andrews, C. et al.: Sci. Transl. Med., 7, 270 (2015)

Applications 5-cis-Tetradecenoyl-d3 Carnitine is labelled 5-cis-Tetradecenoyl Carnitine (T291425) which is one of the metabolites found in the lymph fluid collected from dietary stressed rats.
References Ardawi, M., et al.: Biochem. J., 212, 835 (1983), Otton, R., et al.: J. Endocrinol., 174, 55 (2002), Gu, H., et al.: Anal. Chem., 79, 89 (2007),

Applications Benzyl 2-Acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside is a reactant used in the preparation of oligosaccharide and glucosamine containing peptides used as inhibitors of influenza virus neuraminidase.
References Zhang, J. et al.: Carbohyd. Res., 346, 1997 (2011); Liu, J. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 9789 (2002); Koto, S. et al.: Bull. Chem. Soc., 73, 173 (2000)

Applications Hydrobromic acid is a strong acid that is used in conjunction with Phenol (P318005) to carry out rapid cleavage of sulfonamides. Hydrobromic acid is also used as a catalyst to reduce sulfoxides, such as Dimethyl sulfoxide (D479380).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Aida, T., et al.: Tetrahedron Lett., 14, 39 (1973); Snyder, H. & Geller, H.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 74, 4864 (1952)

Applications Protected Morphine, a principal alkaloid of opium.
References Buchwald, M.E., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 71, 197 (1941), Muhtadi, F.J., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 259 (1988),

Applications Asunaprevir is an inhibitor of the viral enzyme serine protease HCV NS3. Also functions as a second generation NS3/4A protease inhibitor used in the treatment of hepatitis C.
References Takehara, T., et al.: Igaku no Ayumi, 255, 1155 92015); Kalaghatgi, P., et al.: PLoS One, 11, 5 (2016)

Applications Indomethacin Acyl-β-D-glucopyranuronic Acid Phenyl Ester is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications Hexaflumuron-D3 is an isotope labeled compound of Hexaflumuron (H293885). Hexaflumuron is an benzoylphenylurea based chitin synthesis inhibitor used against Ephestia figulilella.
References Sun, C.X., et al.: Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 89, 868 (2012); Khajepour, S., et al.: J. Insect. Sci., 12, 102 (2012);

Applications 13-O-Ethylamphotericin B is an analogue of 13-O-Methylamphotericin B (M287440), an antifungal. 13-O-Methylamphotericin B is a derivative of Amphotericin B (A634250), a polypeptide antibiotic active against gram positive bacteria. Antifungal.
References Taylor, A.W., et. al.: J. Antibiot., 46, 486 (1993); Asher, I.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 6, 1, (1977)

Applications Useful as vasodilators, antihypertensives, and spasmolytics.

Applications 21-Di[methylenebis(oxy)] 5α-Dihydrocortisol is an intermediate in the synthesis of Allo-3α-tetrahydro Cortisol 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide Sodium Salt-d7 (A548512), which is a metabolite of Cortisol (H714615) in human plasma.
References Ikegawa, S. et al.: Anal. Chem., 81, 10124 (2009); Kornel, L. et al.: J. Steroid. Biochem., 13, 751 (1980); Kornel, L. et al.: J. Steroid Biochem., 6, 1267 (1975);

Applications N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)tetracosanamide acts as a crude oil emulsifier.
References Zhiqiang, J., et al.: Fami Zhu Shen., 5 (2016)

Applications 3-(2-Chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic Acid-13C4 Ethyl Ester is an isotope labelled derivative in the synthesis of Flucloxacillin (F419200), a new semisynthetic penicillin with broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.
References Macsari, I., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 3871 (2011); Cui, Y., et al.: Curr. Sci., 89, 531 (2005);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Digallic Acid is an intermolecular ester of Gallic acid (G188900), a phenolic acid with antioxidant activity. Gallic acid was found to protect human cells against oxidative damage and showed cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Gallic Acid and its esters also show antiviral and antifungal activities.
References Yen, G. et al.: Food Chem., 79, 307 (2002); Chen, C. et al.: Mol. Nutrit. Food Res., 51, 962 (2007); Kratz, J. et al.: Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 103, 437 (2008); Osborne, L. et al.: Infect. Immun., 33, 769 (1981)

Applications Used in the preparation of antifungal agents.
References Del Poeta, M. et al.; Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 42, 2495 (1998)

Applications 2-(Benzyloxy)-1-propanol is used to prepare amino diol HIV-protease inhibitors. It is also used to synthesize diphenyl-substituted amino alcohols as protease inhibitors.
References Chen, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 39, 1991 (1996); Gordon, E., et al.: Eur. Pat. Appl. (1994), EP 580402 A2 19940126

Impurity Aztreonam
Applications Ethanol Ring-opened Aztreonam is an Aztreonam (A965200) in-house impurity 1. Aztreonam is the first totally synthetic monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic.
References Sykes, R.B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 21, 85 (1982), Florey, K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 1 (1988),

Applications A major labelled metabolite of Sulfadiazine.
References Woolley, J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 7, 94 (1979), Nielsen, P., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 35, 2509 (1986), Anari, M., et al.: Anal. Chem., 76, 823 (2004), Edlund, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 34, 1079 (2004),

Applications (3S,7aR)-2,3,7,7a-Tetrahydro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(phenylmethyl)-imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3,7-dicarboxylic Acid-d5 is the isotope labelled analog of (3S,7aR)-2,3,7,7a-Tetrahydro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(phenylmethyl)-imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3,7-dicarboxylic Acid. (3S,7aR)-2,3,7,7a-Tetrahydro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(phenylmethyl)-imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3,7-dicarboxylic acid is a derivative of Penicillin G (P223400), which is an antibacterial, antimicrobial medication. Used in the treatment of pneumococcus and streptococcus bacterial infections.
References Tanaka, M. et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 49, 88 (2005); Song, J. et al.: Epidemio. Infect., 140, 1267 (2012); Gamella, M. et al.: Analyst, 138, 2013 (2013);

Applications Controlled substance.