Toxicology

<p>Applications (±)-1-Hydroxy Mephedrone Hydrochloride is a metabolite of Mephedrone Hydrochloride (M224200), a stimulant drug related to cathinone and methcathinone. The effects of Mephedrone are reportedly comparable to those of similar drugs such as MDMA and methylone.<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled impurity of Estradiol (E888000).<br>References Zhu, B., et al.: Steroids, 70, 225 (2005), Enmark, E., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 82, 4258 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications Morphazinamide is an anti-tuberculosis agent. Also, it is derived from Pyrazinamide (P840600), which is an anti-bacterial (tuberculostatic).<br>References Gennaro, M. C., et al.: J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl., 754, 477-486 (2001); Weiner, I.M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 180, 411 (1972), Feldner, E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 12, 433 (1983)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein as a cell-permeable non-fluorescent probe. It is de-esterified intracellularly and turns to highly fluorescent 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein upon oxidation.<br>References Lebel, C., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 5, 227 (1992), Kjaer, M., et al.: Lipids, 43, 813 (2008), Baron, C., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 4185 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Acetylpiperazine-d4 is labelled N-Acetylpiperazine-d4 which was used to prepare (aryl)sulfanyltriazoles with HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibiting activities. It was also used to synthesize diphenylpyrazolecarboxamides as heat shock protein chaperone inhibitors and anticancer agents.<br>References Wang, Z., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 4174 (2006); Brough, P., et al.: J. Med. Chem, 51, 196 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Anxiolytic. Controlled substance (depressant).<br>References Merlo, L., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 24, 1759 (1974), Carrara, S., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 13, 335 (1978), Marcucci, F., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 67, 1470 (1978),<br></p>

<p>Applications p-Chloroaniline-d4 Deuterium Chloride is an intermediate in synthesizing N1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-N14-2-chlorophenyl-2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide-d4 (C377537), an isotope labelled analog of N1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-N14-2-chlorophenyl-2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide. N1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-N14-2-chlorophenyl-2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide is an impurity of Chlorhexidine Digluconate (C292770). Chlorhexidine gluconate is an antimicrobial irrigant that is used as an antiseptic for the skin in the healthcare industry. It is used in hospitals to prevent infection of patients during surgeries and can also be found in mouth rinses.<br>References Addy, M. &amp; Wright, R.: J. Clin. Periodont., 5, 198 (1978); Kuruvilla, J. &amp; Kamath, M.: J. Endododont., 24, 472 (1998); Maki, D., et al.: Lancet, 338, 339 (1991); Popovich, K., et al.: Inf. Cont. Hosp. Epidem., 30, 959 (2009); Rosenberg, A., et al.: Surg. Gyn. Obst., 143, 789 (1976)<br></p>

<p>Applications Trimethoprim-13C3 (T795616) derivative. Antibacterial properties.<br></p>

<p>Applications N2-Methyl Trimethoprim-D3 is a labelled analogue of N2-Methyl Trimethoprim (M331190).<br></p>

<p>Impurity Clarithromycin EP Impurity E<br>Applications 6,11-Di-O-methyl Erythromycin (Clarithromycin EP Impurity E) is a Di-O-alkyl Erythromycin (E649950) is an impurity of Clarithromycin (C559750). Clarithromycin impurity E per British Pharmacopoeia.<br>References Morimoto, S. et al.: J. Antibiot., 43, 286 (1990); Kohno, Y. et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 26, 503 (1990);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Used in the preparation of hydroxyalbuterol and bromo-dimethoxyphenyl oxadiazoles with anti-Parkinson’s properties.<br>References Tiwari, S. &amp; Kohli, D.: Med. Chem. Res., 17, 386 (2008); Yee, N. et a.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 6, 2279 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Applications Deoxo Anhydro Itraconazole Bromide is an impurity of Itraconazole (I937500), which is orally active antimycotic drug structurally related to Ketoconazole (K186000). Antifungal. It is a COVID19-related research product.<br>References Espinel-Ingroff, A., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 26, 5 (1984); Heykants, J., et al.: Mycoses, 32, Suppl 1, 67 (1989); Sugar, A.M.,et al.: Curr. Clin. Top. Infect. Dis., 13, 74 (1993);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-​[3-Fluoro-​4-​(methoxycarbonyl)​phenyl]​-​1,​1-​dimethylethyl Ester 1-​Piperazinecarboxylic Acid is used in the binding envelope of cytochrome P 450 51 inhibitors targeting Trypanosoma cruzi with 4-aminopyridyl-based sulfonamide derivatives.<br>References Vieira, Debora F. et al., ChemBioChem. 8,1111-1120(2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl 7-Chloro-4-ethoxy-6-fluoro-3,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylate is an intermediate in the synthesis of Norfloxacin (N681000), which is a Pefloxacin derivative as antibacterial. Fluorinated quinolone antibacterial. This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br>References Koga, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 23, 1358 (1980); Hirai, K., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 19, 188 (1981); Holmes, B., et al.: Drugs, 30, 482 (1985)<br></p>

<p>Applications Hopantenate Calcium-d6 is labeled analogue of Hopantenate Calcium (H669565), which is a central nervous system drug. In its calcium salt form, it used to be used for a variety of neurological, psychological and psychiatric conditions in Russia. Hopantenic Acid is also the amide of D-pantoate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).<br>References Kopelevich, V.M., et al.: Pharm. Chem. J., 5, 534 (1971)<br></p>

<p>Applications Estradiol 17-Palmitate-d31 is the isotope analog of Estradiol 17-Palmitate. Estradiol 17-Palmitate is a metabolite of estradiol (E888000) which is the major estrogen secreted by the premenopausal ovary.<br>References Salole, E.G., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 283 (1986), Lievertz, R.W., et al.: Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 156, 1289 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications Mucochloric Acid is an intermediate product of the herbicide Burex that can cause poisioning and skin damage upon exposure. Mucochloric Acid is also a chlorine disinfection byproduct in drinking water with mutagenic activity.<br>References Kolesar, D. et al.: Bratsilav. Lek. Listy, 64, 132 (1978); Romancik, V.E.: Ces.-Slov. Hyd., 21, 319 (1976); Jansson, K. et al.: Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 25, 284 (1995);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (±)-Mevalonolactone-4,4,5,5-d4 (CAS# 349553-98-6) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>