Biochemicals and Reagents

Applications 4-​Ethoxy-​2,​3-​dihydroxy-​4-​oxobutanoic acid was studied for to be a possibe bifunctional gasoline-​methanol additive.
References Jiang, X., et al.: Asian J. Chem., 25, 8451-54 (2013);

Applications Occurs in coal tar. Is formed during distillation of coal, in very small amount during distillation or pyrolysis of many fats and oils. Chrysene is one of the basic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) which is toxic environmental pollutant and consistently exposed to sunlight. However, little information is available on its photogenotoxicity.  The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of Chrysene, under environmental intensity of UVB (0.6 mW/cm2) in human skin epidermal cell line (HaCaT).
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Anderson, D., et al.: Mutat. Res., 307, 261 (1994), Diamond, S., et al.: Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 25, 3015 (2006), Fotakis, G., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 160, 171 (2006),

Applications Rohamere 6661-0 is used as a curing product on dental product.
References Sakamaki, Toshikazu. et al., PCT Int. Appl. 57 pp.(2012);

Applications The labelled aglucon of Daidzin.
References Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 7, 637 (1992), Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1221, 29 (1994), Huang, R.Q.; Fang, M.J.; Dillon, G.H., Mol. Brain Res. 67: 177-183 (1999)

Impurity Diosmin EP Impurity D
Applications 6-Iodo Diosmin (Diosmin EP Impurity D) is a Diosmin (D485200) impurity.

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A metabolite of the potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 replication, AZT.

Applications D-Galactono-1,4-lactone was used in carbohydrate research as an elution compound for the purification process of exo-β-D-galactofuranosidase enzyme.
References Miletti, L.C., et al.: Carbohydrate. Res., 320, 176 (1999); Nidetzky, B., et al.: Biotechnol. Bioengineer., 44, 961 (1996);

Applications 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine is an extensively used nucleoside analog used as a probe for DNA synthesis. 5-Ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine is known as an toxic anti-metabolite, which potentially causes DNA instabiliy, necrosis and cell-cycle arrest, therefore it is often used for short-term DNA synthesis in tissue culture and living organisms where prolonged cell survival is not required.
References Neef, A.B., et al.: P. Natl. Acad. Sci.., 108, 20404 (2011); Gristwood, T., et al.: Nucleic. Acids. Rsch., 40, 5487 (2012);

Applications MG-101 (ALLN) is a potent inhibitor of cysteine proteases including caplains and cathespins. Used in the treatment of genotoxic agents or replication stress of cells. Neuroprotective product.
References Wang, H. et al.: Biochem., 54, 5781 (2015); Fukunaga, Y. et al.: Neurosci. Res., 101, 6 (2014);

Applications Cyclizine Lactate is a lactate salt of Cyclizine (C987805, HCl salt) which is a piperazine derivative with anti-emetic activity that is useful in the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness.
References Kuntzman, R., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 158, 332 (1967), Walker, R., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 4, 301 (1996), Dumasia, M., et al.: Xenobiotica, 32, 795 (2002)

Applications 17α-Dydrogesterone is an isomer of Dydrogesterone (D826000), a synthetic progestin largely used in hormone therapy, on the central nervous system by studying two markers of the neuroendocrine function: the neurosteroid allopregnanolone and the opioid .beta.-endorphin. Progestogen.
References Bernardi, F., et al.: Eur. J. Endocrinol., 138, 316 (1998); Rupprecht, R., et al.: Steroids, 64, 83 (1999); Uzunova, V., et al.: Brain Res., 976, 1 (2003); Pluchino, N., et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 102, 205 (2006)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg2 is used as an aldose reductase inhibitor and my exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. It exists as a bioactive metabolite of the ginsenoside component of Panax ginseng.
References Cho, K. et al.: Biomol. Ther., 22, 55 (2014); Fatmawati, S. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 24, 4407 (2014);

Applications Phloxine B acts as the sensitizers of dye-sensitized solar cells. Also, it is a fluorescein photoactive dye. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing.
References Ren, P., et al.: Int. J. Photoenergy, 2135847/1-2135847/11 (2016);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Adenosine monophosphate is useful for skin rejuvenation in dermatology and aesthetic dermatology.
References Watanabe, M., et al.: Arch. Dermatol., 127, 1689 (1991), Engelke, M., et al.: Br. J. Dermatol., 137, 219 (1997),

Applications SPQ offers a simple and yet powerful method to examine and measure membrane chloride transport mechanisms.
References Tanford, C., et al.: J. Phys. Chem., 76, 3020 (1972,) Verkman, A., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 178, 355 (1989), Danino, D., et al.: Science, 269, 1420 (1995), Rodriguez, A., et al.: Langmuir, 19, 7206 (2003),

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Provisionally listed for use in food, drugs and cosmetics. Sunset Yellow is useful in fermented foods which must be heat treated. It may be found in orange sodas, orange jelly, marzipan, Swiss rolls, apricot jam, citrus marmalade, lemon curd, sweets, hot chocolate mix and packet soups, trifle mix, breadcrumbs, snack chips, shelf fresh noodles, cheese sauce mixes. Sunset Yellow is a sulfonated version of Sudan I, a possible carcinogen. Sunset Yellow itself may be responsible for causing an allergic reaction in people with an aspirin intolerance, resulting in various symptoms, including gastric upset, diarrhea, vomiting, nettle rash (urticaria), swelling of the skin (angioedema) and migraines. Dyes and metabolites, Environmental Testing
References Radomski, J.L., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 136, 259 (1962), Gaunt, I.F., et al.: Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 5, 747 (1967),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications (-)-Biotin Sulfoxide, is a metabolite of Biotin (B389040), which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell, and plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions.
References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),

Applications 12-Hydroxystearic Acid is used in edible vegetable oils and organogels.
References Rogers, M. et al.: Soft. Matt., 4, 1483 (2008); Hughes, N. et al.: Trends. Food. Sci. Tech., 20, 470 (2009);