Antibiotics

<p>Dicloxacillin sodium salt monohydrate is a beta-lactam antibiotic with action on bacterial cell wall synthesis and is used for treating infections caused by penicillinase-producing bacteria.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of protein synthesis; glycylcycline class</p>

<p>Inducer of DNA strand breaks; glycopeptide antibiotic, anti-neoplastic</p>

<p>Anhydro erythromycin A is a semi-synthetic derivative of erythromycin A, which has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of bacterial growth, showing higher selectivity for this inhibition. It is a prodrug that is activated by acid catalysis and can be used as a substitute against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus. Anhydro erythromycin A was developed with the goal of increasing its stability and its potency against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, which has been shown to be resistant to erythromycin.</p>

<p>Tridehydro pirlimycin is an antibiotic compound, which is a synthetic derivative with origins in the lincosamide family. It is characterized by its ability to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, leading to a bacteriostatic effect. The compound is primarily developed for its use in veterinary medicine, particularly in the treatment and management of bacterial infections in animals.</p>

<p>Clarithromycin-13CD3 is an isotopically labeled macrolide antibiotic, which is synthesized to include deuterium (D) and carbon-13 (^13C) in its molecular structure. This modified compound serves as a stable isotope-labeled standard, primarily sourced from chemical synthesis. The incorporation of these isotopes differentiates it from the naturally occurring antibiotic, enabling its use in precise analytical studies.</p>

<p>Nafcillin sodium monohydrate is a beta-lactam antibiotic, which is derived from the penicillin class of antimicrobials. It is specifically a semi-synthetic penicillin and is commonly sourced through chemical synthesis to enhance its stability and spectrum of activity. Nafcillin primarily exerts its bactericidal effects by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It achieves this through its strong affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are essential for maintaining the bacterial cell wall structure. By disrupting the formation of peptidoglycan cross-links, nafcillin effectively weakens the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell lysis and death, especially in gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-sensitive strains (MSSA).</p>

<p>Inhibitor of DNA replication; aminoglycoside class</p>

<p>Norvancomycin trifluoroacetate is an antibiotic compound, which is a glycopeptide derived from the bacterium Amycolatopsis orientalis. Its mode of action involves inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. Specifically, Norvancomycin disrupts the cross-linking of peptidoglycan layers in the bacterial cell wall by binding to the D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursors. This disruption weakens the bacterial cell wall, ultimately leading to cell lysis and death, thereby exerting a bactericidal effect.</p>

<p>3'-N-Desmethyl-3'-N-tosyl azithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic analog, which is a derivative of azithromycin, a well-known member of the macrolide class of antibiotics. This compound is synthesized through chemical modifications of the parent molecule, azithromycin, to potentially enhance its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.</p>

<p>ent NAP 226-90 is an organic compound functioning as an antibacterial agent, which is derived from a biologically active natural product. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of essential bacterial enzymes, leading to the disruption of cellular processes within susceptible microorganisms. This compound is particularly effective against a broad spectrum of gram-positive bacteria, making it valuable in medical microbiology research for understanding bacterial resistance mechanisms.</p>

<p>11-Deoxyfusidic acid is a steroidal antibiotic, which is derived from the fermentation broth of certain strains of fungi, specifically within the Fusidium genus. Its mode of action involves inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis by interacting with elongation factor G (EF-G) on the ribosome, thus disrupting essential processes and impeding bacterial growth.</p>

<p>Chlortetracycline is a tetracycline antibiotic, which is derived from the bacterium *Streptomyces aureofaciens*. It functions by inhibiting protein synthesis through binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, thereby preventing the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. This mechanism effectively impedes the growth and replication of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.</p>

<p>Tri-O-benzyl FR 900098 is a chemical compound, often referenced in biochemical research contexts. It is a synthetic derivative that originates from complex chemical synthesis, involving multiple benzylation steps to modify the original molecular framework. This structural transformation lends the compound unique chemical properties.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of protein synthesis; streptogramin</p>

<p>7-O-Demethyl rapamycin is a macrolide compound, which is a derivative of rapamycin, originally sourced from the bacterial species *Streptomyces hygroscopicus*. This compound operates by binding to the FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12), forming a complex that inhibits the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. This inhibition interferes with cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, and survival by altering the phosphorylation state of downstream targets.</p>

<p>3'-N-Desmethyl-3'-N-formyl azithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic, derived from the well-known azithromycin. It is created through structural modification, where the 3'-N-demethylated and 3'-N-formyl groups enhance its pharmacokinetic properties and potentially improve its antimicrobial efficacy.</p>

<p>Borrelidin is a potent antibiotic of the polyketide class, which is isolated from various Streptomyces species. Its mode of action is characterized by its inhibition of threonyl-tRNA synthetase, effectively disrupting protein synthesis within bacteria. Additionally, Borrelidin is known for its unique anti-angiogenic properties, which result from the inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, making it a compound of interest in cancer research.</p>

<p>4-Epitetracycline hydrochloride is a tetracycline antibiotic derivative, which is a secondary metabolite derived from bacterial sources, particularly Streptomyces species. It functions primarily by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria through binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit, preventing the attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA to the RNA-ribosome complex. This action hinders bacterial growth by interfering with vital processes necessary for bacterial survival and replication.</p>

<p>Hypothemycin is a natural product that serves as a potent inhibitor of protein kinases. It is derived from the fungus Hypomyces subiculosus and belongs to the class of resorcylic acid lactones. Its mode of action involves binding covalently to the ATP-binding site of kinases, leading to the inhibition of their activity. This covalent modification is achieved through the formation of a Michael-type addition with a reactive ene-diene functionality within its structure. By targeting these critical enzymes, hypothemycin disrupts key signaling pathways that are essential for cell growth and proliferation.</p>