Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Ethyl-2-ethynylbenzene is an indene that can be synthesized by the reaction of 1-ethylbenzene with ethynylmagnesium bromide and trifluoroacetyl chloride. 1-Ethyl-2-ethynylbenzene reacts as a nucleophile with electrophiles, such as phenylsulfonyl and acetylene compounds, to form sulfones and acetylenes. It can also react with tetrafluoroborates to form indenes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

5-Phenyl-1H-pyrazin-2-one is a potent inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, which is an enzyme that regulates the activity of cells by transferring phosphate groups from ATP to tyrosine residues. This drug binds to the ATP binding site, resulting in inhibition of the enzyme's activity and reduced cell proliferation. 5-Phenyl-1H-pyrazin-2-one has been shown to be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases, with no adverse effects on bone metabolism or blood pressure. It also has no effect on platelet aggregation or erythrocytes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3,5-Dichlorophthalic acid is a divalent organic acid that is used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals. 3,5-Dichlorophthalic acid is used as a regulator of plant growth and development. It can also be used to make different n-substituted compounds, such as naphthalene, phthalic anhydride, and 2,6-dichloro-pyridine.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1,3-Diazaspiro[4.4]nonane-2,4-dione (1) is a new fungicide that was shown to have fungicidal activity in vitro against the grapevine pathogens Plasmopara viticola and Plasmopara obducens. This compound has been isolated from the plant Express erythroxylum coca (Erythroxylum coca). The compound belongs to the class of diaza spiro compounds and is a member of a family of diaza spiro compounds with antifungal activity. One possible mode of action for 1 is that it inhibits the synthesis of DNA by binding to bacterial DNA gyrase.

3-Acetylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione is an experimental drug that belongs to the class of metal hydroxides. It has been shown to have anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo against a variety of malignant tumors. 3-Acetylpyrrolidine-2,4-dione also inhibits the growth of pigweed and other plants by inhibiting the production of tenuazonic acid. This compound is a tautomeric form of tenuazonic acid, which is also known as 2,4-pentanedione. The carboxylate group on this molecule may be responsible for its herbicidal activity.

2,2,3,3,4,4-Hexafluorobutyric acid is a hydroxylated organic compound. It has been shown to be more chemically stable than other quaternary ammonium compounds. 2,2,3,3,4,4-Hexafluorobutyric acid is used as a polymerization initiator for the preparation of cationic polymers. This chemical can also be used to fragment proteins and nucleic acids in order to prepare samples for analysis by mass spectrometry. 2HFBA is reactive and can cause irritation on contact with the skin or eyes. It has been shown that this chemical may have an effect on body mass index and can bind to calcium ions.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-(4-Fluorophenyl)acetamide (FFAA) is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that has been evaluated against picornavirus, enterovirus, and rhinovirus. FFAA has been shown to be effective in the treatment of acute enterovirus infections in mice. This compound was also found to have a cytopathic effect on cells infected with enteroviruses in culture. It binds to the virus's RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and prevents viral replication. FFAA is not active against influenza A or B viruses, but it is active against influenza C virus. This compound has also been found to have medicinal properties, as it can inhibit the growth of human lung cancer cells in culture and may be useful for treating cancers such as leukemia.

Benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole is a benzothiadiazole with a redox potential of -0.25 V that is stable in the absence of oxygen and light. It can be used to synthesize chemical pesticides by reacting with hydrochloric acid. The reaction mechanism of benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole has been determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. This compound reacts with hydrogen bond acceptors on the enzyme active site to form covalent bonds. It also interacts with the enzyme's steric environment by forming hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Benzo[d][1,2,3]thiadiazole also emits light when it reacts with nitric oxide in solution.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-(Thiomorpholine-4-sulfonyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid is a peptide that belongs to the class of sulfonamides. It is an activator of ion channels and receptors, which may be useful in the study of life sciences and pharmacology. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein interactions by binding to receptor sites on cells and ligand sites on proteins. 4-(Thiomorpholine-4-sulfonyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid also binds to the antibody, which enhances the immune response in animals by increasing the production of antibodies against bacterial antigens.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4'-(Methylsulfonyl)acetanilide is an organic compound that has been shown to have antibacterial and antiviral activity. It targets the benzene nucleus, and inhibits the synthesis of nucleic acids by inhibiting the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. 4'-(Methylsulfonyl)acetanilide also inhibits viral replication, by binding to the active site of a viral protein (a DNA polymerase), which blocks the incorporation of nucleotides into the virus's DNA. In addition, 4'-(methylsulfonyl)acetanilide is an anti-helminthic agent, as it can inhibit worm motility and kill larvae in vitro. The structure-activity relationships between this molecule and other benzimidazole derivatives were analysed in order to identify new potential drugs for treating diseases caused by viruses or parasites.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3-Hydroxy-5-methylpyridine (3HMP) is a chemical substance that has been classified as an amine. It is a product of the metabolism of purines, which are nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA. 3HMP is produced by aerogenic bacteria (such as Enterobacter), and can be used to estimate the number of these bacteria present in water samples. 3HMP has been shown to have antiviral properties against influenza virus, and can be used as a biomarker for the presence of other viruses in animals. 3HMP also has mineralization properties, which have been studied extensively, particularly with regards to pancreatic disease.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Hydroxycyclopentane-1-carbonitrile is a monomer that is hydrolyzed to form benzoin and cyanohydrins. It can be used in the production of scifinder as a monomer or dimerizer.

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2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene is a chemical compound that has been synthesized in an asymmetric reaction. The reactant is bromopropane and the product is 2,2,2-trifluoropropene. The methylene group on the propene molecule is activated by the nucleophilic attack of a fluoride ion from hydrogen fluoride to form a cavity with a highly strained bond. The kinetic study of this reaction revealed that the activation energy for the reaction is 42 kJ/mol. Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions are catalyzed by palladium and require nonpolar solvents such as toluene or dichloromethane. This type of reaction has been shown to be exothermic with an isolated yield of 1%.

4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione is a carbonyl compound that is the product of the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It is used in wastewater treatment and has antimicrobial properties against infectious diseases. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and preventing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione has also been shown to bind to plasma proteins, which may be due to its acyl chain structure. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione can be synthesized in a catalytic mechanism that involves dehydroascorbic acid and molecular oxygen.

Piperyline is an alkanoic acid that has shown to be effective against skin cancer. It also has antimicrobial properties, which may be due to its ability to bind metal ions and form polymeric compounds. Piperyline inhibits microbial growth by inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. The antimicrobial activity is related to its cationic polymerization with hydroxyl groups, which forms a structure that can inhibit microbial enzymes and disrupt microbial cell membranes. This compound also interacts with the skin's natural lipids, making it difficult for microorganisms to attach and grow on the skin. Piperyline is synthesized in organic chemistry laboratories as an amide precursor of other pharmaceuticals such as penicillin.