Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Methyl-5-nitrobenzaldehyde is a nitro compound that is used in the synthesis of dobutamine. It has been shown to undergo rearrangements, with the formation of 2-methyl-5-nitrophenol. Kinetic studies have shown that chlorine can be substituted for hydrogen at the 2 position, and this substitution leads to an increase in reactivity. 2-methyl-5-nitrobenzaldehyde also reacts with dopamine to form a ketone. The hydroxy group on this molecule is nucleophilic and can attack electrophiles, making it useful as an active site for synthetic reactions. This compound is also pyrophoric, which means it will spontaneously ignite in air and burn until all its fuel is consumed.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-(But-3-yn-1-yl)piperidine is a chiral compound that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin. It has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the serotonin transporter and to cause an increase in extracellular serotonin levels. 1-(But-3-yn-1-yl)piperidine also has affinity for the dopamine transporter, which may account for its antidepressant effects.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3-Aminopyrrolidin-2-one hcl is an antibiotic that is used to treat tuberculosis. It inhibits the enzyme transacylase, which catalyses the conversion of L-lysine into L-pipecolic acid in bacteria. This antibiotic has been shown to be effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex. 3-Aminopyrrolidin-2-one hcl has a broad spectrum of activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, but it is not active against acid-fast bacteria.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3-Methoxythiophene-2-carbaldehyde is a ligand that has been shown to form a stable complex with potassium chloride. This compound is also reactive, and can be stabilized in the reaction vessel. In the presence of sulfate ions, 3-methoxythiophene-2-carbaldehyde will react to form a phosphotungstic acid precipitate. The dehydrated salt can be recrystallized by adding phosphotungstic acid, which stabilizes the product.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-Acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide (4ABS) is a low detection reagent that can be used for the determination of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid. It reacts with the amine group in 4-acetamidobenzoic acid to form a sulfonamide intermediate and releases an azide ion. The linear calibration curve was obtained using vibrational spectroscopy and has a detection sensitivity of 0.03 ppm. This method can also be used to determine the functional groups present in dopamine, which have been shown to affect electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements.

1-Bromo-4-iodobenzene is an aryl halide that can be synthesized by the cross coupling of ethyl formate and hydrochloric acid. This compound is useful in analytical applications, such as chromatographic methods, due to its high solubility in organic solvents. It is also used in synthetic procedures for the preparation of other aryl halides. 1-Bromo-4-iodobenzene has been used to synthesize calcium carbonate via the Suzuki coupling reaction with sodium salts, which are nucleophiles. The carbonyl group on this molecule reacts with the nucleophile, forming an alkyl group and a metal salt. Transfer reactions involving these salts can produce other products with different functional groups.

2,2'-Dithiodianiline is a redox-active molecule with a redox potential of -0.08 V. It has been shown to inhibit the polymerase chain reaction by binding to DNA and inhibiting the enzyme DNA polymerase. 2,2'-Dithiodianiline is a potent inhibitor of bacterial growth in vitro, and has been shown to be cytotoxic in vivo. 2,2'-Dithiodianiline inhibits the growth of resistant mutants that are resistant to other antibiotics such as penicillin and ampicillin. This compound binds to molybdenum at an optimum concentration of 0.5 mM and coordinates through electrostatic interactions with the molybdenum atom. Structural analysis reveals that 2,2'-dithiodianiline forms hydrogen bonds with adenine residues in DNA and interacts with guanine residues in RNA through π-π stacking interactions. This interaction prevents transcription by blocking the binding

Versatile small molecule scaffold

(Chloromethyl)cyclohexane is a synthase gene that is responsible for synthesizing the enzyme chloromethyl cyclohexane, which is used as a solid catalyst. The synthesis of (chloromethyl)cyclohexane from phenyl groups and liquid crystal composition has been demonstrated using expression plasmids and active oxygen. The compound inhibits inflammatory diseases by preventing the production of arachidonic acid, which is an inflammatory agent. This compound also inhibits the production of prostaglandins, which are involved in the release of histamine from mast cells. Pharmaceutical preparations that contain this compound are primarily used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.

Metal-chelating agent

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Cabozantinib is a small molecule that is the first to target VEGFR-2, which is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development of fibrosis. Cabozantinib inhibits the activity of VEGFR-2 by binding to its ATP-binding site and blocking the phosphorylation of downstream signaling pathways. Cabozantinib has been shown to have antifibrotic properties in both preclinical and clinical models. The drug candidate has been shown to reduce kidney fibrosis in animal models. The standard dose for cabozantinib was found to be 5 mg/kg, with a maximum tolerated dose of 20 mg/kg. In vitro studies have indicated that cabozantinib binds with high affinity to the ATP-binding pocket of VEGFR-2, exhibiting competitive inhibition against other kinases such as PDGFR-beta and cKit, as well as diaryliodonium (a specific inhibitor). Caboz

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3,6-Dichloropicolinonitrile is a peroxide that is used in the synthesis of organic compounds. It is produced by the reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid with nitric acid as a catalyst. 3,6-Dichloropicolinonitrile has been shown to be more selective than other oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate. The product can then be purified by adding diacetate, which selectively reacts with the chlorine to form acetyl chloride and glycolic acid. The resulting mixture can then be distilled to produce 3,6-dichloropicolinonitrile in high purity. 3,6-Dichloropicolinonitrile can also be used in electrochemical methods for the synthesis of cyanides or biochemically for virulent products such as pesticides and organic solvents.

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Diethyl Acetylphosphonate is a synthetic chemical that is used in the production of ethyl esters, which are used as intermediates for the production of epoxides. It has shown to be a bidentate ligand and reacts with primary amines. Diethyl Acetylphosphonate can be made by reacting phosphorus pentachloride with ethyl acetate and hydrochloric acid. The reaction mechanism is similar to that of other organophosphorus compounds, in which a phosphine oxide intermediate reacts with an organic halide. Diethyl Acetylphosphonate has shown to be effective in detergent compositions and triethyl orthoformate, as well as alkanoic acid.

Methyl 5-hexynoate is a synthetic product that can be synthesized from soybean lipoxygenase and hydrogenation reduction. This product has been shown to be a useful synthon for the synthesis of monoclonal antibodies with high binding affinity. The synthetic pathway, which involves cross-coupling and asymmetric synthesis, is outlined in the diagram below. The following are the steps involved in the production of methyl 5-hexynoate: 1) Addition of ethyl bromide to terminal alkynes 2) Addition of hydrochloric acid 3) Reaction with potassium tert-butoxide 4) Hydrogenation reduction 5) Cross-coupling reaction 6) Asymmetric synthesis

Versatile small molecule scaffold

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Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

CASIN is a lysine-derived antimicrobial agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria by binding to the peptide chains of collagen, which are found in skin and mucous membranes. CASIN has been shown to inhibit the growth of many bacterial species, including those that are resistant to other antibiotics. CASIN can be used for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria, such as bacterial vaginosis or chlamydia. CASIN has also been shown to reduce body mass index in animal models. The mechanism of action is not known but may involve interference with an enzyme that controls the biosynthesis of fatty acids. The use of CASIN in humans is limited due to its toxicity on human cells and potential safety concerns.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2,4-Dibromopyridine is a brominated derivative of pyridine. It is synthesized through the substitution of two bromine atoms for two hydrogens on the pyridine ring. This synthesis can be achieved by disubstitution or cross-coupling reactions. The reaction products are nucleophilic and react with electrophiles to produce substitution products. The reaction mechanism is thought to involve a six-membered transition state, which has been observed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy.

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Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Bromo-5-fluoro-4-nitroaniline can be synthesized in a reaction system of ammonium chloride, hydrochloric acid, and water vapor. The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 190°C under reflux. The efficiency of this synthesis is high, and the chemical yield is about 90%.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2,3-Dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine is an alkaloid compound that has various applications in research and chemical studies. It has been found to interact with dopamine receptors and exhibit photothermal properties. This compound has been studied in the context of G. lucidum (also known as Reishi mushroom) and its potential therapeutic effects. Additionally, it has shown interactions with quinpirole, lithium, ergovaline, efrotomycin, and other compounds. The photocatalytic and fatty acid properties of 2,3-Dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine make it a versatile compound for various research purposes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-(2-Azidoethoxy)acetic Acid is a hydrophobic antibacterial agent that can be used to inhibit bacterial growth by disrupting the cell membrane. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which may be due to its ability to bind to the glutathione moiety in the bacterial cell membrane. 2-(2-Azidoethoxy)acetic Acid has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. This compound is also able to cross the cell membrane, inhibiting bacterial replication in vivo.

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Isocytosine is a prodrug that has been synthesized with the intramolecular hydrogen on the nitrogen atoms, which makes it more chemically stable. Isocytosine is a reactive molecule, and can react with tautomers to form isocytosine derivatives. Isocytosine contains three hydrogen atoms that are transferable through reactions to other molecules. The chemical stability of isocytosine allows for its use in wastewater treatment. It also has metabolic effects, such as the inhibition of colorectal adenocarcinoma and metabolic disorders. Isocytosine can be used as a model system for studying transfer reactions and reaction mechanisms.

Leu-Leu-Leu-OH is a pentapeptide that is used in cancer treatment to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. It prevents the production of proteins and, as a result, cell division. Leu-Leu-Leu-OH has been shown to be effective against tumor cells with an antibody that binds to the surface of cells. The monoclonal antibody is taken up by the cancer cells through receptor mediated endocytosis, which leads to inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death.

aliphatic diol.  It has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth

4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde is a nucleophilic compound that can act as an iminium. It is used in the synthesis of chalcones, which are aromatic compounds that have been found to have anticancer properties. 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde has two isomers: 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde. The separation of these compounds can be achieved using chromatography with a silica gel column. This process can be done on both the mixture of the two isomers or on one specific isomer. The synthetic pathway for this product begins with benzylpiperazine and piperazine. These two molecules react to form 3,4-dichlorobenzylpiperazine, which reacts with dimethoxybenzyl chloride to form 4-bromo-2,5-dim

MW 20,000 - 30,000

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Monomethyl glutarate is a monomer for the synthesis of polymers. It has been used in the past as a precursor for the production of polyacrylic acid and its copolymers. Monomethyl glutarate is synthesized by the reaction of hydrochloric acid, high salt, and an expression plasmid containing glutarate dehydrogenase. This compound is also used as a reagent in kinetic studies of fatty acids and glutaric acid. Monomethyl glutarate is an acidic compound with a pKa value of 3.5 at 25°C. It is rapidly hydrolyzed in water to form monomethyl glutarate acid, which has a pKa value of 2.4 at 25°C. Monomethyl glutarate can be ingested orally or applied topically due to its low energy requirements for hydrolysis in water.

1-Hydroxycyclopentane-1-carbonitrile is a monomer that is hydrolyzed to form benzoin and cyanohydrins. It can be used in the production of scifinder as a monomer or dimerizer.

Boc-His(Trt)-OH is a chemical compound that has been used in the laboratory to study uptake and binding of compounds. It is stable in complex with albumin, which has led to its use as a model system for studying hepatic steatosis. This chemical can be synthesized by solid-phase synthesis with trifluoroacetic acid and polypeptide synthesis. FT-IR spectroscopy has been used to characterize Boc-His(Trt)-OH, revealing its chemical diversity.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2,4,6-Triphenylpyridine is an aromatic heterocycle with a benzyl group and trifluoroacetic acid at the 2-, 4-, and 6-positions. It is a colorless solid that has a melting point of 183 °C. In the gas phase, it exists as three anion radicals (2-, 4-, and 6-). These radicals are responsible for its optical properties. The 2-anion radical has a blue emission spectrum while the 4- and 6-anion radicals have red emission spectra. 2,4,6-Triphenylpyridine can be used as an indicator for trifluoroacetic acid or benzonitrile. It is soluble in primary alcohols such as methanol and ethanol at lower temperatures, but becomes insoluble at higher temperatures. 2,4,6-Triphenylpyridine also has functional theory applications due to its ability to

(-)-Corey lactone diol is a synthetic compound that is soluble in organic solvents. It is used for the synthesis of carbocyclic nucleosides, which are analogs of pyrimidine nucleosides. (-)-Corey lactone diol has been shown to inhibit cholesterol synthesis and the synthesis of alkene. (-)-Corey lactone diol also shows anti-inflammatory properties, which may be due to its inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

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Methyl trans-4-bromo-2-butenoate is a synthetic compound that contains a hydroxyl group and two bromine atoms. It is synthesized by the reaction of diethyl succinate, hydrogen, and piperazine in an aqueous solution. Methyl trans-4-bromo-2-butenoate has been shown to have antineoplastic activity in combination with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and carbohydrate conjugates. It also binds to cell surface receptors on the epidermal cells, inhibiting their growth. The structural formula of methyl trans-4-bromo-2-butenoate can be seen below: [[File:Methyltrans4bromobutanoate.png|thumb|300px|left|The structural formula of methyl trans-[4] -[bromo]-[2] -butenoate.]]

Versatile small molecule scaffold

8-Chloro-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione is a reactive molecule that binds to the active site of bacterial cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and inhibits their activity. This inhibition prevents the breakdown of cAMP and cGMP, which are important second messengers in eukaryotic cells. 8-Chloro-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione is also a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis and has been used in research studies on wheat leaves.

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Tripropylphosphine is a fatty acid that can be synthesized by reacting tripropyl alcohol with phosphorus trichloride. Tripropylphosphine is soluble in organic solvents, and has an optical rotation of +58°. It has been shown to have cancer-inhibiting properties, as well as the ability to inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This compound may also be used as a growth regulator, since it inhibits the synthesis of certain proteins and enzymes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione is a carbonyl compound that is the product of the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It is used in wastewater treatment and has antimicrobial properties against infectious diseases. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and preventing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione has also been shown to bind to plasma proteins, which may be due to its acyl chain structure. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione can be synthesized in a catalytic mechanism that involves dehydroascorbic acid and molecular oxygen.