Building Blocks

2,2'-Bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (BBDA) is a synthetic molecule that has been used as an oxidant in organic synthesis. It is a redox-active compound with a reversible oxidation potential of +0.2 V. The electron transfer to the adjacent nitrogen atom is accompanied by light emission at 490 nm and chloride ion release. BBDA reacts with potassium dichromate in water to form 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylic acid and potassium chloride. This reaction can be monitored by magnetic resonance analysis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The formation of BBDA from dimethylformamide and esters has been reported in the literature.

Benzofuran-2-carboxaldehyde is a compound that inhibits metathesis reactions. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Benzofuran-2-carboxaldehyde also shows estrogen receptor modulator activity, which may be due to its ability to bind to estrogen receptors. The molecular modelling study of this compound reveals a possible mechanism for benzofuran-2-carboxaldehyde’s inhibition of metathesis reactions as well as its cytotoxicity. This mechanism suggests that the benzofuran-2-carboxaldehyde molecule can form hydrogen bonds with diphenyl ether and mcf7 cells, leading to their destabilization.

2-(4-Hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid is a molecule that is used in the production of human immunoglobulin. It is activated with fatty acids and oligosaccharides to form a complex, which can be detected using confocal microscopy. The matrix-assisted laser ablation technique was used to determine the chemical structures and hydrogen bonding interactions of this molecule. 2-(4-Hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid has been shown to inhibit microbial infections by binding to the sodium salt form of Streptavidin, which inhibits bacterial growth. This molecule also has been used as an indicator for trifluoroacetic acid, which can be used as a sample preparation reagent.

2-Iodobenzenesulfonic acid is a synthetic molecule with a molecular weight of 169.27 g/mol. It is an acidic salt that reacts with nucleophilic substitutions, such as hydroxyl groups and heterocycles. 2-Iodobenzenesulfonic acid has been studied using molecular modeling techniques to identify its pharmacophore and the key features that may be important for binding to the active site of the enzyme. The results of these studies show that the most important features are a sulfonyl group, two hydroxyl groups, and an aromatic ring.