Building Blocks

MW 20,000 - 30,000

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Monomethyl glutarate is a monomer for the synthesis of polymers. It has been used in the past as a precursor for the production of polyacrylic acid and its copolymers. Monomethyl glutarate is synthesized by the reaction of hydrochloric acid, high salt, and an expression plasmid containing glutarate dehydrogenase. This compound is also used as a reagent in kinetic studies of fatty acids and glutaric acid. Monomethyl glutarate is an acidic compound with a pKa value of 3.5 at 25°C. It is rapidly hydrolyzed in water to form monomethyl glutarate acid, which has a pKa value of 2.4 at 25°C. Monomethyl glutarate can be ingested orally or applied topically due to its low energy requirements for hydrolysis in water.

2,5-Diethoxyterephthalohydrazide is an organic compound that has been used for the synthesis of linkers with various functional groups. It is a reactive intermediate in the synthesis of amines and compounds containing amine functional groups. 2,5-Diethoxyterephthalohydrazide has been shown to be stable under environmental conditions and can be used as a linker in organic solvents such as amines, alcohols or esters. This compound has also been shown to exhibit photocatalytic activity when irradiated by UV light. Techniques such as analytical chemistry and techniques can be used to characterize this compound's reactivity and stability.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Hydroxyethyl benzoate is a model system that has been used to study the mechanism of hydrolysis of an ester with a hydroxyl group. The reaction products are a metal hydroxide and a chloride ion. 2-Hydroxyethyl benzoate is an antimicrobial agent that has shown activity against bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. It is thought to work by reacting with fatty acids in the cell membrane, leading to disruption of the membrane and leakage of cellular contents. It also reacts with chloride ions to form hydroxybenzoic acid and water molecules. The activation energy for this reaction was found to be around 19 kJ mol−1.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Bromo-4-iodobenzene is an aryl halide that can be synthesized by the cross coupling of ethyl formate and hydrochloric acid. This compound is useful in analytical applications, such as chromatographic methods, due to its high solubility in organic solvents. It is also used in synthetic procedures for the preparation of other aryl halides. 1-Bromo-4-iodobenzene has been used to synthesize calcium carbonate via the Suzuki coupling reaction with sodium salts, which are nucleophiles. The carbonyl group on this molecule reacts with the nucleophile, forming an alkyl group and a metal salt. Transfer reactions involving these salts can produce other products with different functional groups.

1H,1H,7H-Dodecafluoroheptanol is a perfluorinated compound. It has been shown to be an efficient scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to have a protective effect on collagen. The reaction mechanism of 1H,1H,7H-dodecafluoroheptanol is not fully understood. However, it has been shown that the chloride ion plays a key role in the formation of this product from 1H,1H,7F-dodecafluoroheptane. The reaction vessel used in this synthesis is critical because it must be anhydrous to prevent the formation of 1HF3OCl. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to study the chemical structures of this compound.

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aliphatic diol.  It has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth

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Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3-Bromo-4-chloroaniline is a chloroaniline compound. It is synthesized by reacting hexamethylenetetramine with chlorine gas in the presence of formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde. 3-Bromo-4-chloroaniline has been used to produce other compounds, such as trimethylchlorosilane, which is used in the production of silicone rubber. Chloroanilines are toxic chemicals that can be found in the environment and react with formaldehyde to produce carcinogenic substances called halofuginones.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Amino-6-chloropurine is a nucleophilic substituent that is used in the synthesis of 2-amino-6-chloropurine. It reacts with hydroxyl groups to form a palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction solution, which is then treated with hydrochloric acid and trifluoroacetic acid. The product is purified by crystallization and recrystallization. This compound has potent antitumor activity against carcinoma cell lines, but it has not been shown to have any effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3,6-Dichloropicolinonitrile is a peroxide that is used in the synthesis of organic compounds. It is produced by the reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid with nitric acid as a catalyst. 3,6-Dichloropicolinonitrile has been shown to be more selective than other oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate. The product can then be purified by adding diacetate, which selectively reacts with the chlorine to form acetyl chloride and glycolic acid. The resulting mixture can then be distilled to produce 3,6-dichloropicolinonitrile in high purity. 3,6-Dichloropicolinonitrile can also be used in electrochemical methods for the synthesis of cyanides or biochemically for virulent products such as pesticides and organic solvents.

Methyl trans-4-bromo-2-butenoate is a synthetic compound that contains a hydroxyl group and two bromine atoms. It is synthesized by the reaction of diethyl succinate, hydrogen, and piperazine in an aqueous solution. Methyl trans-4-bromo-2-butenoate has been shown to have antineoplastic activity in combination with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and carbohydrate conjugates. It also binds to cell surface receptors on the epidermal cells, inhibiting their growth. The structural formula of methyl trans-4-bromo-2-butenoate can be seen below: [[File:Methyltrans4bromobutanoate.png|thumb|300px|left|The structural formula of methyl trans-[4] -[bromo]-[2] -butenoate.]]

2-Methyl-5-nitrobenzaldehyde is a nitro compound that is used in the synthesis of dobutamine. It has been shown to undergo rearrangements, with the formation of 2-methyl-5-nitrophenol. Kinetic studies have shown that chlorine can be substituted for hydrogen at the 2 position, and this substitution leads to an increase in reactivity. 2-methyl-5-nitrobenzaldehyde also reacts with dopamine to form a ketone. The hydroxy group on this molecule is nucleophilic and can attack electrophiles, making it useful as an active site for synthetic reactions. This compound is also pyrophoric, which means it will spontaneously ignite in air and burn until all its fuel is consumed.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

CASIN is a lysine-derived antimicrobial agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria by binding to the peptide chains of collagen, which are found in skin and mucous membranes. CASIN has been shown to inhibit the growth of many bacterial species, including those that are resistant to other antibiotics. CASIN can be used for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria, such as bacterial vaginosis or chlamydia. CASIN has also been shown to reduce body mass index in animal models. The mechanism of action is not known but may involve interference with an enzyme that controls the biosynthesis of fatty acids. The use of CASIN in humans is limited due to its toxicity on human cells and potential safety concerns.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde is a nucleophilic compound that can act as an iminium. It is used in the synthesis of chalcones, which are aromatic compounds that have been found to have anticancer properties. 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde has two isomers: 2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde. The separation of these compounds can be achieved using chromatography with a silica gel column. This process can be done on both the mixture of the two isomers or on one specific isomer. The synthetic pathway for this product begins with benzylpiperazine and piperazine. These two molecules react to form 3,4-dichlorobenzylpiperazine, which reacts with dimethoxybenzyl chloride to form 4-bromo-2,5-dim

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-Acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide (4ABS) is a low detection reagent that can be used for the determination of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid. It reacts with the amine group in 4-acetamidobenzoic acid to form a sulfonamide intermediate and releases an azide ion. The linear calibration curve was obtained using vibrational spectroscopy and has a detection sensitivity of 0.03 ppm. This method can also be used to determine the functional groups present in dopamine, which have been shown to affect electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements.

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1-(But-3-yn-1-yl)piperidine is a chiral compound that inhibits the reuptake of serotonin. It has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of the serotonin transporter and to cause an increase in extracellular serotonin levels. 1-(But-3-yn-1-yl)piperidine also has affinity for the dopamine transporter, which may account for its antidepressant effects.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

(-)-Corey lactone diol is a synthetic compound that is soluble in organic solvents. It is used for the synthesis of carbocyclic nucleosides, which are analogs of pyrimidine nucleosides. (-)-Corey lactone diol has been shown to inhibit cholesterol synthesis and the synthesis of alkene. (-)-Corey lactone diol also shows anti-inflammatory properties, which may be due to its inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

2,2-Paracyclophane is a high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP) that has been isolated from the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. This compound has shown to have anti-cancer properties in animal studies. 2,2-Paracyclophane binds to fatty acids and is soluble in water, which may be due to its hydrogen bonding with the hydroxyl group at C1. The crystal structure of this compound reveals that it has a cyclohexane ring and two fatty acids. The thermal expansion coefficient of this molecule is also high, which suggests that it may be suitable for use as a solid lubricant.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-(2-Azidoethoxy)acetic Acid is a hydrophobic antibacterial agent that can be used to inhibit bacterial growth by disrupting the cell membrane. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which may be due to its ability to bind to the glutathione moiety in the bacterial cell membrane. 2-(2-Azidoethoxy)acetic Acid has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. This compound is also able to cross the cell membrane, inhibiting bacterial replication in vivo.

2-Methoxy-benzenesulfonic acid is a synthetic chemical compound that is used in the production of polymers and other ester compounds. It can be produced by reacting benzenesulfonyl chloride with methanol in the presence of a strong acid catalyst. 2-Methoxy-benzenesulfonic acid reacts with radiation to produce reactive oxygen species that are capable of damaging cellular structures. The molecule contains an intramolecular hydrogen bond, which stabilizes the structure and helps to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules. 2-Methoxy-benzenesulfonic acid also has a hydroxyl group, which allows it to function as an acidic compound that can react with water and cause inflammation. This functional group also makes it soluble in water, allowing it to penetrate tissue structures.

Boc-His(Trt)-OH is a chemical compound that has been used in the laboratory to study uptake and binding of compounds. It is stable in complex with albumin, which has led to its use as a model system for studying hepatic steatosis. This chemical can be synthesized by solid-phase synthesis with trifluoroacetic acid and polypeptide synthesis. FT-IR spectroscopy has been used to characterize Boc-His(Trt)-OH, revealing its chemical diversity.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

7-Bromo-1-methylnaphthalene is a fluorescent dye that can be used to measure the concentration of DNA, RNA, and proteins. This compound is an intercalator, which means that it can bind to double stranded DNA or RNA near the center of the molecule where there is a space for binding. It has been used in the study of the thymic gland because it binds to DNA and RNA in cells from this organ. 7-Bromo-1-methylnaphthalene has also been used as a skeleton for organic compounds, such as dimethylammonium. The bromine atom in this compound can be replaced with other atoms like iodine or chlorine to make different colored dyes.

Methyl 5-hexynoate is a synthetic product that can be synthesized from soybean lipoxygenase and hydrogenation reduction. This product has been shown to be a useful synthon for the synthesis of monoclonal antibodies with high binding affinity. The synthetic pathway, which involves cross-coupling and asymmetric synthesis, is outlined in the diagram below. The following are the steps involved in the production of methyl 5-hexynoate: 1) Addition of ethyl bromide to terminal alkynes 2) Addition of hydrochloric acid 3) Reaction with potassium tert-butoxide 4) Hydrogenation reduction 5) Cross-coupling reaction 6) Asymmetric synthesis

2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene is a chemical compound that has been synthesized in an asymmetric reaction. The reactant is bromopropane and the product is 2,2,2-trifluoropropene. The methylene group on the propene molecule is activated by the nucleophilic attack of a fluoride ion from hydrogen fluoride to form a cavity with a highly strained bond. The kinetic study of this reaction revealed that the activation energy for the reaction is 42 kJ/mol. Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions are catalyzed by palladium and require nonpolar solvents such as toluene or dichloromethane. This type of reaction has been shown to be exothermic with an isolated yield of 1%.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2,3-Dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine is an alkaloid compound that has various applications in research and chemical studies. It has been found to interact with dopamine receptors and exhibit photothermal properties. This compound has been studied in the context of G. lucidum (also known as Reishi mushroom) and its potential therapeutic effects. Additionally, it has shown interactions with quinpirole, lithium, ergovaline, efrotomycin, and other compounds. The photocatalytic and fatty acid properties of 2,3-Dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine make it a versatile compound for various research purposes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2,2'-Dithiodianiline is a redox-active molecule with a redox potential of -0.08 V. It has been shown to inhibit the polymerase chain reaction by binding to DNA and inhibiting the enzyme DNA polymerase. 2,2'-Dithiodianiline is a potent inhibitor of bacterial growth in vitro, and has been shown to be cytotoxic in vivo. 2,2'-Dithiodianiline inhibits the growth of resistant mutants that are resistant to other antibiotics such as penicillin and ampicillin. This compound binds to molybdenum at an optimum concentration of 0.5 mM and coordinates through electrostatic interactions with the molybdenum atom. Structural analysis reveals that 2,2'-dithiodianiline forms hydrogen bonds with adenine residues in DNA and interacts with guanine residues in RNA through π-π stacking interactions. This interaction prevents transcription by blocking the binding

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-Chlorobenzenethiol is a chemical compound that contains a fatty acid. It is an intramolecular hydrogen donor with the ability to form a disulfide bond. The compound also has high stability and can be used in organic synthesis reactions involving reactive sulfur groups. 4-Chlorobenzenethiol reacts with sodium carbonate to produce sodium thiocarbonate and chloroform, which are then reacted with phosphorus pentoxide for oxidation. The reaction mechanism is similar to that of the Diels-Alder reaction and the model system involves dinucleotide phosphate. 4-Chlorobenzenethiol can be reacted with hydrochloric acid or trifluoroacetic acid as an oxidizing agent.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Cabozantinib is a small molecule that is the first to target VEGFR-2, which is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development of fibrosis. Cabozantinib inhibits the activity of VEGFR-2 by binding to its ATP-binding site and blocking the phosphorylation of downstream signaling pathways. Cabozantinib has been shown to have antifibrotic properties in both preclinical and clinical models. The drug candidate has been shown to reduce kidney fibrosis in animal models. The standard dose for cabozantinib was found to be 5 mg/kg, with a maximum tolerated dose of 20 mg/kg. In vitro studies have indicated that cabozantinib binds with high affinity to the ATP-binding pocket of VEGFR-2, exhibiting competitive inhibition against other kinases such as PDGFR-beta and cKit, as well as diaryliodonium (a specific inhibitor). Caboz

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ABX464 is a monoclonal antibody that targets bacterial translocation. It has been shown to have clinical efficacy in preventing the recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease. ABX464 binds to the M2 phenotype of macrophages and blocks the binding of chemoattractant protein to its receptor, leading to decreased inflammation and less bacterial translocation. It also prevents HIV infection by blocking viral attachment to CD4 cells and inhibiting HIV-1 replication.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Bromo-5-fluoro-4-nitroaniline can be synthesized in a reaction system of ammonium chloride, hydrochloric acid, and water vapor. The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 190°C under reflux. The efficiency of this synthesis is high, and the chemical yield is about 90%.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethan-1-amine is a synthetic compound that belongs to the class of organocatalysts. It is a serotonin receptor agonist, and has been shown to act as an antagonist at the 5HT2AR. This drug has been shown to have stereoselective effects in vitro, with high affinity for the S form of 5HT2AR. 2-(4-Methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethan-1-amine also has some activity against dopamine receptors, but not as much as other compounds in its class. !--[if !supportLists]-->· !--[endif]-->This drug binds to speciogynine and alstovenine receptors, which are part of the opioid system.!--[if !supportLists]-->· !--[endif]-->Modelling studies suggest that 2-(4-M

Versatile small molecule scaffold

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Tripropylphosphine is a fatty acid that can be synthesized by reacting tripropyl alcohol with phosphorus trichloride. Tripropylphosphine is soluble in organic solvents, and has an optical rotation of +58°. It has been shown to have cancer-inhibiting properties, as well as the ability to inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This compound may also be used as a growth regulator, since it inhibits the synthesis of certain proteins and enzymes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

8-Chloro-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione is a reactive molecule that binds to the active site of bacterial cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and inhibits their activity. This inhibition prevents the breakdown of cAMP and cGMP, which are important second messengers in eukaryotic cells. 8-Chloro-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione is also a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis and has been used in research studies on wheat leaves.

4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione is a carbonyl compound that is the product of the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It is used in wastewater treatment and has antimicrobial properties against infectious diseases. This compound has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome and preventing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione has also been shown to bind to plasma proteins, which may be due to its acyl chain structure. 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione can be synthesized in a catalytic mechanism that involves dehydroascorbic acid and molecular oxygen.

Poly(dioxanone) is a biocompatible polymer that has been shown to promote bone growth in animal models. It is a cross-linking agent and can be used as an alternative to copper chromite, which is the most common cross-linking agent used in tissue engineering. Poly(dioxanone) has been shown to promote bone growth by stimulating the production of growth factors and increasing the activity of osteoblasts, cells that produce new bone. The material also promotes matrix deposition and remodeling, leading to increased bone density.