Building Blocks

7-Chloroquinoline-4-carbaldehyde is an intermediate in the synthesis of quinolines. It is a functionalized, hydroxylated compound that can be used as an antiproliferative reagent. 7-Chloroquinoline-4-carbaldehyde has been shown to inhibit the growth of leukemia cells, prostate cancer cells and breast cancer cells. The hydroxyl group on this molecule reacts with electrophiles to form covalent adducts and undergoes substitution reactions with amino groups. This molecule also has an aryl group that can be modified to create bioisosteres.

4-Benzylphenylmethanol is a natural compound that belongs to the class of amines. It is found in pyrethrum, which is derived from plants of the genus Chrysanthemum. 4-Benzylphenylmethanol has been used as a supplement for insect control, usually as an additive to natural pyrethrins. This substance has been shown to be effective against insect species such as the German cockroach, the fruit fly, and the mosquito. 4-Benzylphenylmethanol also has insecticidal properties by preventing insects from breaking down the chemical bonds in their cell membranes. This allows for more rapid death of insects and lessens their ability to regenerate cells after contact with this substance.

5-Nitro-1,3-benzoxazole-2-carbonitrile is a chemical compound that inhibits the uptake of drugs into cells. It is a selective inhibitor of the enzyme adenosine transporter (AT) which prevents the uptake of adenosine and other compounds into cells. The inhibition is reversible under conditions where ATP levels are low. 5-Nitro-1,3-benzoxazole-2-carbonitrile has been shown to be stable when exposed to human serum and can be used for sample preparation prior to analysis with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This agent has also been shown to inhibit theophylline uptake in human erythrocytes, making it a useful tool for studying drug interactions. 5NBB also inhibits caffeine uptake in microspheres and can be used as an analytical reagent for determining caffeine content in beverages.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-one is a piperidine that belongs to the class of nitro compounds. It has been shown to be statistically significant in animal trials for the treatment of melanogaster and cicer arietinum. 1-Methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-one has also been evaluated as an antihyperglycemic drug in women and infants. The molecule contains two nitro groups, which increase its solubility in water and allow it to be administered orally. This drug is metabolized into an oxindole, which inhibits the enzyme dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, thereby preventing DNA synthesis.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

4-Phenyl-1H-indole is a heterocyclic organic compound that is structurally related to pyrazoles, indazoles, and other cyclic compounds. It has the chemical formula CHN and it can be found in yields of 0.2% by weight. Substituents on the 4-phenyl ring include carboxyl and cyclic structures. Reactions that can be carried out on this compound include a Diels-Alder reaction with maleic anhydride to form a heteroleptic compound. The functional group present in this molecule is the carboxylate ester.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Hydroxy-2-phenylbutanoic acid is a ligand that can bind to metal ions. It has a molecular electrostatic potential of -0.07 and a low vibrational frequency of 0.01. It has been shown that this ligand can be immobilized on surfaces where it can be used for the determination of amino acids, expressed proteins, and chiral compounds. This ligand has been shown to have good binding affinity for metal ions which makes it a useful tool in immobilization studies. 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylbutanoic acid is an amide that contains two hydroxy groups, one phenyl group, and one carboxylic acid group. It is also chiral due to its asymmetric carbon atom which means that there are two different forms of the molecule, one being levorotary (R) and the other being dextrorotary (S). The functional theory shows that 2-hydroxy-2

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Chloro-4-(iodomethyl)benzene (1CI) is a chlorinating agent that is used to produce aliphatic chlorinated compounds. It can be used for the alkylation of alcohols, as well as the chlorination of halides. 1CI has been shown to react with benzene in a synergistic manner when irradiated. In addition, it can be used for the preparation of iodides by reacting with sodium or potassium iodide in the presence of an alcohol and a catalyst. 1CI reacts with chloride ions to produce cyclic compounds in the microwave region. The reaction requires an electron transfer agent, such as copper chloride or silver nitrate, and yields are dependent on the type of alcohol used, which can be either aliphatic or cyclic.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Methyl 7-oxoheptanoate is a synthetic anticancer agent that inhibits cell growth. It has been shown to inhibit cancer cells and induce apoptosis in HL-60 human leukemia cells. Methyl 7-oxoheptanoate is converted to methyl heptanoate by the enzyme enantiopure, which is then hydrolyzed into diacid and cyclopentenone. The cyclopentenones are synthesized from the diacid and cyclopentenone and are used as pharmaceuticals.

4-Iodothioanisole is a synthetic molecule that is used in organic chemistry as a reagent for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. It reacts with electrophiles to form carbon-iodine bonds and can be used to make cross-coupling reactions. 4-Iodothioanisole also enhances the fluorescence of some molecules and has been used in supramolecular chemistry. The optical properties of 4-iodothioanisole depend on its environment. In solution, it shows a yellowish color due to intramolecular excitation of the cyclopentene system, while in the solid state it is orange because of free rotation around the carbon-iodine bond.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

(3-Ethynylphenyl)methanol is a colorless, volatile liquid with a chloroform-like odor. It is soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water. It has a boiling point of 114°C and a melting point of -37°C. (3-Ethynylphenyl)methanol can be found as an impurity in polyester resins and polyurethane foams. This compound is also used to produce polymers such as polycondensation, polyesters, and dimethylformamide. (3-Ethynylphenyl)methanol is produced by the direct chlorination of phenol. The compound can be polymerized to form polymers that are resistant to uv light and heat, such as terephthaloyl chloride.

3-(4-Nitrophenoxy)propionic acid is a promiscuous compound that can be used to synthesize other compounds. It reacts with hydrochloric acid, nitro groups, and phosphorus pentoxide to produce nitro compounds. 3-(4-Nitrophenoxy)propionic acid reacts with benzoylamine in the presence of a cocatalyst to form alkoxycarbonyl products. The cocatalyst is typically a metal such as zinc or magnesium. 3-(4-Nitrophenoxy)propionic acid is also used as an agrochemical for controlling influenza virus and Influenzae bacteria.
!--

Versatile small molecule scaffold

N,N'-Bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine is a molecule that contains an amine and a nitro group. The nitro group is electron-rich and can be reduced to the corresponding amino function by reduction with metal ions. In addition, N,N'-Bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine can bind to chloride ions through their respective amines. This process is called ion pairing or salt bridge formation, which stabilizes the pH of the solution. N,N'-Bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine has been shown to be effective in titration calorimetry experiments as an indicator of drug binding.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Chloro-9H-carbazole (2CzC) is a heterocyclic compound that belongs to the group of carbazoles. It can be used as medicine and has been shown to be a good control experiment for other carbazoles. The nucleophilicity of 2CzC is affected by the functional groups present in the molecule, and it has been shown to react with anions such as Cl-, Br-, or I-. This heterocycle also has two resonance forms, which are generated by the electron delocalization in the ring system. The gas phase kinetics of 2CzC have been found to follow an Arrhenius relationship, with k = 3.6x10^3 M^-1 s^-1 at 298 K. Yields for this compound have been found to be high, with 90% yield when synthesized from chloroacetone and phenylmagnesium bromide.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

1-Bromo-2-nitroethane is an organic solvent that has been found to be a useful chiral reagent for the synthesis of a variety of organic compounds. It can be used as a catalyst in asymmetric syntheses, and its high stereoselectivity makes it very useful in the construction of complex molecules. 1-Bromo-2-nitroethane is also used in the oxidation of cycloalkanes and carbonyls, which are oxidized by nitroalkanes to form nitro compounds. The catalytic efficiency of 1-bromo-2-nitroethane provides chemists with an excellent tool for synthesizing nitriles.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2,2-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one is a potential cancer drug that belongs to the family of bromodomain inhibitors. It inhibits the transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor by binding to its DNA binding domain. This binding prevents the formation of a transcriptionally active complex with other proteins that are required for gene expression. Bromodomain inhibition has been shown to be effective in vivo and in vitro against castration resistant prostate cancer cells. 2,2-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one also has an oral bioavailability profile that is suitable for oral administration as a therapeutic agent. This drug also binds to the terminal domain of family members, which may lead to increased potency against these enzymes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-ol is a phenylpropanoid glycoside that has been shown to have diagnostic potential for the detection of a number of diseases. The reaction rate of 3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-ol can be determined by integrating the intensity of the signal from an electron spectrometer. This compound can also be used as a marker in the diagnosis of diseases such as melanogenesis, where it is found in higher concentrations than normal in the skin and other tissues. It is insoluble in water and emits fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light, which makes it useful for diagnostic purposes.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Octahydro-1H-quinolizin-1-one is a drug that has been shown to be an effective treatment for inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and mucopolysaccharidosis. It binds to the M1 receptors in tissues, which leads to the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Octahydro-1H-quinolizin-1-one also has been shown to be an allosteric modulator for the IL-4 receptor. The drug also inhibits etoposide induced apoptosis in cancer cells, suggesting it may have therapeutic potential against cancer.

2-(1-Chloro-ethyl)-pyridine is a triazole that is used as a chlorination catalyst. It has been shown to be an effective catalyst for the chlorination of ketones and acetylpyridine. 2-(1-Chloro-ethyl)-pyridine also catalyzes the transfer hydrogenation of pyridines, which can be useful in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. Mechanistically, 2-(1-Chloro-ethyl)-pyridine is mononuclear with two active chlorine atoms and exhibits both nucleophilic and electrophilic properties.

Versatile small molecule scaffold

Versatile small molecule scaffold

2-Ethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran is a reagent that can be used for the preparation of various compounds. It is often used as a source of hydride transfer in enzymatic assays. 2-Ethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran reacts with alkyl halides and acetonitrile to form quaternary ammonium salts and vinyl ethers respectively. The reaction proceeds by hydration, amine addition, or irradiation. This compound can also be used to prepare reactive naphthalenes and amines through an alkylation reaction. The reaction can be carried out at temperatures ranging from -78°C to 100°C.

Versatile small molecule scaffold