Building Blocks

Versatile small molecule scaffold

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

2-Hydroxy-4-bromopyridine (2HBP) is a product with genotoxic activity that can be used for research. 2HBP has been shown to inhibit the synthesis of DNA by inhibiting the enzymatic reaction or binding to DNA. 2HBP is also an inhibitor of virus replication and causes monolayer cell death through radiation or chemical structures. It can be used as an anti-tumor agent and has been shown to have inhibitory properties on dna replication.

<p>Propiolic acid is a glucuronide conjugate that has been shown to inhibit the JAK1 protein. It is an organic compound with a hydroxyl group at the C-3 position and a trifluoroacetate ester at the C-4 position. Propiolic acid has been shown to be effective in treating autoimmune diseases in CD-1 mice. It is also used as an environmental agent for wastewater treatment, which can remove nitrogen from water by converting it into nitrate. The intramolecular hydrogen bond between carbonyl oxygen and hydroxyl oxygen has been shown to be responsible for its high solubility properties. This property is utilized in detergent compositions, where propiolic acid is added to break down fatty acids into their constituent parts of glycerol and fatty acids.</p>

BocNH-PEG4-CH2COOH is a PEG compound with two different functional groups (also known as heterobifunctional). Unlike homobifunctional PEG compounds (same functional group on both ends), this type of compounds are more versatile as have two different anchor points. BocNH-PEG4-CH2COOH is used as a linker and spacer to add a PEG moiety, via pegylation (a bioconjugation technique) to proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides, small molecules and nanoparticles.

<p>3-Bromo-1-propanol is a chemical compound that contains a hydroxyl group and an asymmetric carbon atom. This molecule has been used as a model system to study the reaction mechanism of alcohol dehydrogenase, which is the enzyme responsible for the oxidation of ethanol. 3-Bromo-1-propanol has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, which are resistant to penicillin. The pharmacokinetic properties of 3-bromo-1-propanol have been studied in dogs with congestive heart failure.</p>

5-Bromosalicylic acid is a derivative of p-hydroxybenzoic acid that is used in wastewater treatment. The reaction of 5-bromosalicylic acid with the 1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxylic acid leads to the formation of a new compound, which can be used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. 5-Bromosalicylic acid has been shown to inhibit the growth of hepg2 cells and K562 cells by damaging DNA. It also inhibits the suzuki coupling reaction by acting as a hydrogen sink and stabilizing the transition state through intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. A possible mechanism for this inhibition is that 5-bromosalicylic acid reacts with hydroxide ions to form bromohydroxylated products, which then react with amine compounds to produce carboxylates that can hydrogen bond with other molecules.

<p>Thiostrepton is an antibiotic that inhibits the synthesis of proteins by binding to the α subunit of the bacterial ribosome. It also has a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification activity. Thiostrepton's inhibitory effect on protein synthesis is due to its ability to bind to the α subunit of the ribosome, which results in inhibition of enzyme activities and physiological function. The thiostrepton-resistant mutants have been found in skin cells and plants. The resistant mutants are mostly due to point mutations in amino acid residues on the surface of the ribosomal target site, which alters its affinity for thiostrepton. This antibiotic has been shown to be active against wild-type strains of bacteria, as well as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Thiostrepton's active form is metabolized through hydroxylation and conjugation with glutathione or glucur</p>

<p>N-(3-Phenylpropionyl)glycine is a metabolite of the amino acid glycine that is produced by plants. It has been used in diagnostic tests to measure the activity of enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism and as a marker for metabolic disorders. N-(3-Phenylpropionyl)glycine can be detected in urine samples and has been used to diagnose different types of orotic aciduria, including infantile orotic aciduria. This metabolite inhibits the activity of the enzyme hexanoylglycerol O-acyltransferase, which catalyzes the conversion of hexanoylglycine to p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Hexanoylglycine is an intermediate product of human liver metabolism and it can be found in high concentrations in body tissues such as heart tissue.</p>

<p>2,6-Dichloro-3-deazapurine is an isomer of the nucleoside guanosine. It has been shown to inhibit the synthesis of viruses in cell cultures and may be useful in the treatment of leukemia. The synthesis of 2,6-dichloro-3-deazapurine can be achieved through a solid-phase synthesis that uses synthons as starting materials. The molecular modelling studies have shown that this molecule has a potential to bind to adenosine receptor subtypes A2a, A2b, and A3.</p>

8-Hydroxy-2-quinolinecarbonitrile is an uncomplexed ligand that can be used for the synthesis of metal complexes. 8-Hydroxy-2-quinolinecarbonitrile is insoluble in most solvents, including water, and has a high melting point. This compound can be synthesized from acetonitrile and primary amines by condensing with formaldehyde. It is not possible to catalyze this reaction, as it does not undergo homolysis or heterolysis reactions. The uncomplexed ligand has been shown to bind to metal ions such as copper and silver. Its diffraction pattern was found to have a polynuclear nature with a number of diffraction peaks within the range of 5–9 Å.

Gamma-Polyglutamic acid sodium - MW > 700,000 is a high molecular weight biopolymer, which is a salt form of polyglutamic acid. Its unique structure consists of glutamic acid units linked via γ-amide bonds, resulting in a robust and biodegradable polymer.The mode of action of gamma-Polyglutamic acid sodium involves its high water-binding capacity and viscosity, which make it exceptional in forming hydrogels. This property is pivotal in applications that require moisture retention or controlled release of active ingredients. Its biodegradability and non-toxic nature add to its versatility and safety profile.Gamma-Polyglutamic acid sodium is used across various fields, including biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and cosmetics. In biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, it is utilized as a drug delivery vehicle and tissue engineering scaffold due to its compatibility with human tissues. Its agricultural applications include acting as a soil conditioner and enhancing water retention. In cosmetics, it serves as a potent moisturizer and anti-aging ingredient.

1,4-Bis-(diphenylphosphino)butane is a coordination compound that contains a bicyclic heterocycle. The compounds are made up of phosphorus and nitrogen atoms which are arranged in a tetrahedral geometry. It has photochemical properties and can be used to inhibit the growth of myeloid leukemia cells. The complexes bind to amines and form stable complexes with hydroxyl groups, so they are also able to cross mitochondrial membranes. This compound has been shown to bind to copper ions in x-ray crystal structures. 1,4-Bis-(diphenylphosphino)butane binds more strongly to ethylene diamine than it does to aryl halides such as chloroethane or phenylethane. Activation energies for the binding of 1,4-bis-(diphenylphosphino)butane with ethylene diamine have been found by measuring the free energy change for its formation from

2-Bromo-4-cyanobenzaldehyde is a potent protease inhibitor and can be used as an antiviral agent. It inhibits the NS3 protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with IC50 of 0.2 μM. 2-Bromo-4-cyanobenzaldehyde has been evaluated for its ability to inhibit replicons from HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 with varying degrees of potency. In vitro studies have shown that 2-bromo-4-cyanobenzaldehyde is a potent inhibitor of HCV NS3 protease, demonstrating activity against all major HCV genotypes in cell culture. This molecule has also been shown to inhibit the replication of HIV, herpes simplex virus type 1 and human rhinovirus type 2 in cell culture.

<p>2-Bromo-4-iodopyridine is a coordination compound that inhibits bacterial enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). It is also an inhibitor of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other bacteria. 2-Bromo-4-iodopyridine binds to the active site of COMT, which is located in the bacterial cell wall, and prevents methylamine from binding to the enzyme. This prevents methylation of the catechol ring, which is required for bacterial growth. 2-Bromo-4-iodopyridine has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans.</p>

(R)-1,1'-Bi-2-Naphthol is an organic compound that is made from the hydrogenation of 2-naphthol. The sodium salts of this compound are chiral and can be used to synthesize racemic mixtures with a high degree of optical purity. The x-ray crystal structures of (R)-1,1'-Bi-2-Naphthol have been studied in detail and show that this molecule exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. It also has a steric interaction with the amine group which prevents rotation about the C3—C4 bond. Other interesting features include intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydroxyl group and the alkanoic acid. This molecule also has a hydrophobic region consisting of three methyl groups that are connected to fatty acids.

<p>Versatile small molecule scaffold</p>

<p>Potential antioxidant; pharmaceutical intermediate</p>

<p>3,5-Dihydroxy-4-acetyltoluene is a versatile building block that is used in the production of various pharmaceutical and agrochemical intermediates. It can be used as a reagent for organic synthesis and as a speciality chemical. 3,5-Dihydroxy-4-acetyltoluene has been shown to have high quality and utility. This compound can also be used as a reaction component or scaffold.</p>

4-(2,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-N-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)benzamide is a useful scaffold that can be used to synthesize high quality and versatile building blocks. This compound is also a useful intermediate in the synthesis of complex compounds. This chemical is not an approved pharmaceutical, but it has shown promising activity as an antihistamine.