Cyano-, Nitrile-

5-Cyano-2-fluorobenzoic acid is a macrocyclization agent that is used in the synthesis of 16-membered macrocycles. It is a nucleophilic reagent that reacts with an electrophile to form a 5,5'-bifluoro-2,2'-dioxodibenzofuranone. This reaction can be performed under mild conditions and proceeds via a 1,4-addition mechanism. The product has two stereogenic centers and four stereoisomers that are formed by the relative configuration of these centers. 5-Cyano-2-fluorobenzoic acid also has application in the clinic as an analogue for fluoroquinolones.

3-Methoxyphenylacetonitrile (3MPAN) is a small molecule that has been shown to inhibit the activity of kinases, which are enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from ATP onto other substrates. 3MPAN has been found to be selective for the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), with little or no effect on ERβ, and shows promise as a potential drug for hormone-dependent breast cancer. It also inhibits fatty acid synthesis and is active against some viruses. 3MPAN binds to the enzyme's ATP binding site and blocks phosphorylation by preventing access of ATP. This prevents DNA synthesis and protein synthesis, leading to cell death.

3-Aminobenzonitrile is an amine that has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria. It was synthesized by the reaction of nitrobenzene with benzamide in the presence of acetic acid. The chemical structure of 3-aminobenzonitrile is similar to that of a group of natural amino acids, including cysteine and tryptophan, which are known inhibitors of bacterial growth. This compound is soluble in organic solvents and can be used as an injection solution. 3-Aminobenzonitrile has been evaluated by kinetic studies and found to have a high affinity for bacterial cells, with an inhibition constant (Ki) value of 0.37 mM. It is also active against other microorganisms such as yeast or mold fungi, but not against plant or animal cells. 3-Aminobenzonitrile inhibits the synthesis of proteins by binding to a number of different sites on the ribosomes where

2-Bromophenylacetonitrile is a synthetic compound that is used in wastewater treatment. It is effective at removing cyanides, phenylpropionic acid, and aldehydes from wastewater. 2-Bromophenylacetonitrile has been shown to be an efficient method for the removal of liriodenine from sewage water and for the removal of 2-bromostyrene from industrial waste water. This process can be used as an analytical method to measure the concentration of these substances in samples of wastewater. The reaction mechanism involves the formation of a nitrilium ion intermediate and subsequent reactions with alcohols to form esters or ethers.

7-(Cyanomethoxy)indole is a versatile building block that can be used as a scaffold for the synthesis of complex molecules. It has been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and as a reaction component for the preparation of useful compounds. 7-(Cyanomethoxy)indole is also known to have high quality and is widely used in research laboratories.

Tak-659 is an amide compound that inhibits the serine protease activity of a number of enzymes, including cathepsin B and L. Tak-659 has been shown to have inhibitory effects on inflammation in animal models by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines. Tak-659 has also been shown to impair protein synthesis in gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mechanism for this inhibition is not entirely clear but may be due to tak-659 binding to the ribosomal RNA near the peptidyl transferase center, blocking the entry of amino acids into the ribosome. Tak-659 binds with high affinity to adenosine receptors and has been shown to reduce levels of inflammatory cytokines in mouse tumor cells.

4-Cyano-4'-aminobiphenyl is a fluorescent dye that exhibits a strong fluorescence under UV irradiation. The dye has an absorption maximum at about 335 nm and a fluorescence emission maximum at about 455 nm, with excitation maxima of 333 nm and 478 nm. It has been used in the development of photocurrent devices, which are used for photochemical reactions and electrochemistry studies. This compound can also be used for the determination of amino groups in organic molecules such as carbostyril. The compound can be synthesized by reacting an amine with an aldehyde in the presence of acid.