Carboxylic Acids

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Heptafluorobutyric Acid (HFBA) is used in reversed-phase chromatography.<br> E0<br>References Satake, I., et al.: Biopolymers, 15, 2263 (1976), Aso, K., et al.: Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 56, 755 (1992), Cecchi, T., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 1216, 1789 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Parabanic acid appears to be an important marker of free radical reactions in vivo and may be used to monitor free radical activity and to evaluate pharmacological therapy with radical scavengers.<br>References Koumoto, Y., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 29688 (2001), Gibon, Y., et al.: Plant Cell, 16, 3304 (2004), Kaplan, F., et al.: Plant J., 44, 730 (2005), Ishii, N., et al.: Science, 316, 593 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(formylamino)benzoic acid (cas# 3342-77-6) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Azidobenzoic Acid (cas# 31162-13-7) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 7H-Dodecafluoroheptanoic Acid is a derivative of Heptanoic Acid (H998455) which can be used as an organic building blocks for the synthesis of variety of chemical compounds. Heptanoic Acid is used in the synthesis of 17-epi-Testosterone Enanthate (T155095). It is used in the preparation of esters, such as ethyl heptanoate, which are used in fragrances and as artificial flavors. It is also one of many additives in cigarettes.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Anneken, D. et al.: Fatty Acids, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (2006); Wudy, S., et al.: Steroids, 66, 759 (2001); Kootstra, P., et al.: Anal. Chim. Acta., 586, 82 (2007); Sten, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 37, 417 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A phosphonic acid derivative for development of biologically active compounds.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ma, Q.F., et al.: Biochemistry, 29, 1412 (1990), Soti, C., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 270, 2421 (2003), Barabas, O., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 279, 42907 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl 4-Phenylacetoacetate is a useful synthetic intermediate. It is used to prepare pyrazolone derivatives as antiprion compounds. It is also used to prepare pyrrolinylaminopyrimidine analogs as inhibitors of AP-1 and NF-κB mediated gene expression.<br>References Kimata, A., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 5053 (2007); Palanki, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chme. Lett., 12, 2573 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl 2-Chloracetoacetate is used in the preparation of oxazoles and thiazoles as agonists for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ. It is also used to synthesize dimethylimidazothiadiazolecarbohydrazides with anticancer activities.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sznaidman, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. chem. Lett., 13, 1517 (2003); Terzioglu, N., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 38, 781 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Sulfanylhexyl Acetate is a precursor of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (M225270) found in grape juice.<br>References Harsch, M.J., et al.: J. Agri. Food. Chem., 61, 3703 (2013); Makhotkina, O., et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 486 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl 2-Cyano-2-oximinoacetate is an intermediate in synthesizing 2-Cyano-2-(methoxyimino)acetic Acid (C989423), which is a cyano-oxime derivative used as a fungicide.<br>References Tellier, F., et al.: Pestic Biochem Physiol., 78, 151-160 (2004)<br></p>

<p>Applications Reagent used in the addition of Phenothiazine (P318040).<br>References Zhang, Y., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 17, 707 (2007), Bansode, T., et al.: Pharm. Chem. J., 43, 311 (2009), Chelikani, R., et al.: App. Biochem. Biotechnol., 157, 263 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications m-Toluic acid is used as a reagent in the preparation of hybrid molecules containing oxadiazole and thiadiazole bearing Schiff base moiety as it has antitumor activities.<br>References Zhang, K., et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 24, 5154 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications o-Arsanilic Acid is an organoarsenic compound. o-Arsanilic Acid is a highly toxic contaminant and can be found in plants growing in contaminated soil.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Schmidt, A.-C. et al.: Chemosphere, 73, 1781 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(Methoxymethyl)benzoic acid<br></p>

<p>Applications ethyl 2-cyclopropyl-2-hydroxyacetate (cas# 1185387-66-9) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications 2-Benzylacrylic Acid (cas# 5669-19-2) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Levulinic Acid is derived from the degredation of cellulose and is a potential precursor to biofuels. Levulinic acid is also a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.<br>References Serrano-Ruiz, J.C., et al.: Catalysis., 195, 162 (2012); Liedtke, A.J. et al.: Tetrahedron., 68, 10049 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications tert-Butyl [(1R,2S,5S)-2-Amino-5-[(dimethylamino)carbonyl]cyclohexyl]carbamate Oxalate is a starting material and useful building block of various pharmaceuticals.<br></p>

<p>Applications 5,6-dibromonicotinic acid (cas# 29241-64-3) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Occurs in unripe fruit and in young green leaves; has also been found in very young sugar beets.<br>References Lelieveld, J., et al.: Nature, 452, 737 (2008), da Silva, G., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 250 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Amino-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoic Acid is a reagent used in the synthesis of anthranilic diamides containing fluorinated groups as potential ryanodine receptors activators.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wu, C. et al.: Chem. Lett., 28, 1248 (2017);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tiglic acid is the stable isomer of angelic acid. Tiglic acid was found as glyceride in croton oil, as butyl ester in the oil of the Roman camomile, and as geranyl tiglate in oil of geranium. Tiglic acid is formed during the charcoaling of maple wood.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Bueding, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 202, 505 (1953),<br></p>

<p>Applications Tetradecanedioic acid (cas# 821-38-5) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl (S)-N-Tritylaziridine-2-carboxylate (cas# 75154-68-6) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-3-(2-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid is a reagent used in the synthesis of indanyl insecticides.<br></p>

<p>Applications N,N'-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,6,7,12-tetraphenoxy-3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic Diimide has applications in the photosensors and optical detectors.<br>References Wang, Shaojun, et al.: ACS Photonics, 5(6), 2478-2485 (2018);Wang, Hanlin, et al.: Adv. Mat., 29(32), n/a. (2017)<br></p>

<p>Applications Octyl 3-Octyloxiraneoctanoic Acid (cas# 106-84-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Phenylboronic Acid is a compound used in organic synthesis of various pharmaceutical goods.<br>References Ainley, A.D., et al.: J. Chem. Soc., 2171 (1930);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-hydroxyhexanoic acid (cas# 6064-63-7) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(4-Hydroxycyclohexyl)acetic acid (cas# 99799-09-4) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Antioxidant.<br>References Arnous, A., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 49, 5736 (2001), Guendez, R., et al.: Food Chem., 89, 1 (2005), Proestos, C., et al.: Food Control,16, 319 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,3-Adamantanedicarboxylic acid, is a monomer that can be used in polymer science, self assembly and lithography.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(2-carbamoylphenyl)acetic acid (cas# 23362-56-3) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Magnesium Monoperoxyphthalic Acid Hexahydrate is used as an oxidant in various synthetic reactions. For example: it is a mild and efficient oxidant for the synthesis of selenones which are useful synthetic intermediates in the synthesis of different heterocyclic compounds.<br>References Temperini, A., et al.: Beilstein J. Org. Chem., 10, 1267 (2014); Salvador, J.A.R., et al.: Beilstein J. Org. Chem., 8, 164 (2012); Carvalho, J.F.S., et al.: Tetrahedron, 65, 2773 (2009)<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydrazine acetate (cas# 7335-65-1) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) is a stable fluorosurfactant because of the strength of carbon–fluorine bonds. PFBS has served as a replacement for the persistent, toxic, and bioaccumulative perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) in 3M's Scotchgard stain repellents. PFBS is neither toxic nor bioaccumulative.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Renner R., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 12 (2006), Betts, K.S., et al.: Environ. Health Perspect., 115, 250 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications ethyl 2-azidoacetate (cas# 637-81-0) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Phosphoric Acid Tributyl Ester is used as a solvent in the solvent-detergent method for production of immunoglobulin for inactivation of viruses with lipid envelope on the model of duck hepatitis B virus. It is also used as a ligand in the extraction of lanthanide ions from solid and liquid materials by supercritical CO2.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).<br>References Zubkova, N., et al.: Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., 155, 821 (2013); Lin, Y., et al.: Anal. Chem., 66, 1971(1994)<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Eye irritant.<br>References Bagley, D. M. et al.; Toxicol. In Vitro 13, 505 (1999); Gilleron, L. et al.; Toxicol. In Vitro 11, 641 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-GUANIDINOBENZOIC ACID METHANESULFONATE (cas# 148720-07-4) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid<br></p>

<p>Applications Benzensulfonic Acid Monohydrate is used in the synthesis of HER2/EFGR dual inhibitors in the treatment of cancers and displaying potency towards anti-tumor activity.<br>References Kawakita, Y. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 20, 6171 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Orlistat USP Related Compound B<br>Applications Orlistat USP Related Compound B<br></p>

<p>Applications (Z)-11-Tetradecenyl Acetate is a sex pheremone component that can be found in various insect specie, such as O. nubilalis and Asian and European corn borers.<br>References Leary, G.P., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 109, 14081 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Z-2-Fluoro-3-(3-pyridyl)acrylic Acid (cas# 359435-42-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Hydroxysuberic Acid is a derivative of sebacic acid (S211410) a urinary metabolite that has been identified as an anti-fatigue biomarker.<br>References Ma, C. et. al.: J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Anal. 105, 84 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications 7-Benzothiazolecarboxylic Acid is an intermediate used in the synthesis of pyrazole inhibitors of coactivator associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1). It is also used to prepare aminofuro-pyridine derivatives as inhibitors of TAK1.<br>References Huynh, T., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 2924 (2009); Horneberger, K., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23, 4517 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Oxohexanedioic Acid is a degradation product of catechol in the presence of hydrogen peroxide; Also, it is derived from 3-Oxohexanedioic Acid Diethyl Ester (O856830), which is an intermediate used to prepare CMPF (C595000) which is a drug-binding inhibitor which is also a constituent of urine. CMPF can inhibit specific T4 binding in serum by increasing the free concentration of direct competitors.<br>References Gogoi, A., et al.: Chem. Eng. J., 311, 153-162 (2017); Mabuchi, H., Nakahashi, H.: Nephron, 44, 277 (1986); Lim, C.F., et. al.: Metabolism Clin. Exp., 42, 1468 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Mercaptoisobutyric Acid, 90% (cas# 4695-31-2) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br>References McIntosh, J.M. and Siddiqui, M.A.: Can. J. Chem., 61, 1872-1875 (1983), Bienlarz, C. and Cornwall, M.J.: Tetrahedron Lett., 34 (6), 939-942 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications Hexacosanoic acid ((1S,2S,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-heptadecyl)-amide is a ceramide found in the moro blood orange (Citrus sinensis). It is a useful building block used in the preparation of 5-thio-α-GalCers as immunostimulators for IFN-​γ production stimulation in mouse NKT cells.<br>References Bi, J.; et al.: ACS Med. Chem. Lett., 6, 476 (2015); Valsecchi, M.; et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 60, 10103 (2012).<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Hydroxymandelic Acid (cas# 17119-15-2) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications 9-Oxo-10(9H)-acridineacetic acid is a reagent for pre-column derivatization of amino acids for fluorescent determination in HPLC and it is also a building block in pharmaceutics.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 4-Nitrobenzoic Acid is used in the synthesis of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents in the treatment of chagas disease.<br>References Palace-Berl, F. et al.: Bioorg, Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 5395 (2013); Zhou, L. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 796 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Amino-3-hydroxybenzoic Acid is disubsituted benzoic acid used in the preparation of various pharmaceutical compounds such as sphingosine kinase inhibitors.<br>References Kono, K. et al.: J. Antibiot., 53, 759 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Applications (S)-2-Acetamido-5-ureidopentanoic Acid (cas# 33965-42-3) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Adipic Acid Dihydrazide is used to functionalize magnetic nanoparticles for gylcopeptitde enrichment and identification. Adipic Acid Dihydrazide can also be used as a chain extension for liquid rubber.<br>References Cao, Q., et. al.: Analyst, 139, 603 (2014); Cutts, E.: Chem. Industry, 7, 280 (1974)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Hydroxyphenylarsonic Acid could be useful for synthesizing flower-​like CoFe2O4 particles that are an attractive sorbent for removing aromatic organoarsenicals from wastewater.<br>References Liu, J., et al.: J. Colloid Interface Sci., 568, 63 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-[(6-Aminohexyl)amino]-6-oxo-hexanoic acid is a nylon oligomer with flame retardant properties.<br>References Zahn, Helmut et al.: Chemische Berichte, 92, 1381 (1959)<br></p>

<p>Applications Polyphosphoric Acid is a ligand used as an analytical tool to image nanoparticles through photon emission topography. Used also in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals.<br>References Peng J. et al.: Biomat., 37, 9535 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Maleic Acid Monomethyl Ester, is relative to Maleic Anhydride (M124400), which is a heterocyclic compound used in the manufacture of unsaturated polyester resins. Maleic Anhydride has a wide range of other applications; it can also be used in synthetic tensides, insecticides, herbicides and fungicides.<br>References Hanafi, W.Z.A. et al.: Plast. Rub. Comp. Proc. Appl., 19, 175 (1993); Noma, K. et al.: Shik. Kyok., 36, 225 (1963); Augustin, M. et al.: Wissen. Zeitsch., 25, 5 (1976); Jiang, Q. et al.: Nongyao, 49, 257 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications (R)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid (cas# 20016-85-7) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications ACETOACETIC ACID ISOAMYL ESTER (cas# 2308-18-1) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications butyl carbamate (cas# 592-35-8) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications α-Aleuritic acid is a major ingredient of shellac and is also a starting reagent in the manufacture of perfumes.<br>References Jakubowska, M., et al.: Polimery ., 15, 295 (1970); Shamsuzzaman, L.A., et al.: Pakistan. J. Biol. Agri. Sci., 11, 68 (1968);<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyl cyclopropane carboxylate is used as a reagent in the synthesis of N’-thiazole and N-pyrazole based inhibitors of MAP kinase p38α.<br>References Getlik, M. et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 48, 1 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Trimellic Acid is a reagent used in the preparation of coordination polymers containing various luminescent properties.<br>References Zhang, Z. et al.: Crys. Grow. Des., 13, 4338 (2013); Qin, L. et al.: Trans. Met. Chem., 38, 627 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Hydrochloride (cas# CAS:5451-09-2) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications (cas# 526-83-0) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Diagnostic determination of Melamine and related compounds in kidney tissue.<br>References Mast, R., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 21, 807 (1983), Yokley, R., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 3352 (2000), Ehling, S., et al.: Food Addit. Contam., 24, 1319 (2007), Vail, T., et al.: J. Anal. Toxicol., 31, 304 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Dimethylammonium Dimethylcarbamate is a reactant used in the synthesis of vanadium complex implantation on silica surfaces and may be studied for its use in phrmaceutical synthesis.<br>References Bresciani, G. et al.: Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 10, 1176 (2018);<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Isopropoxybenzoic acid is a useful reagent for organic synthesis and other chemical processes.<br>References Chiong, H. A., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129, 9879 (2007); Kingston, D. G. I., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 41, 3715 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(carboxymethyldisulfanyl)acetic acid (cas# 505-73-7) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications Heptadecanedioic Acid (cas# 2424-90-0) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (cas# 81-33-4) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 18-(tert-Butoxy)-18-oxooctadecanoic Acid is used to engineer long-acting, potent exendin-4 based GLP-1 analog for microstructure-based transdermal delivery for glycemic control.<br>References Yang, P., et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 4140 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Applications Phosphoric Acid is used in various chemical processes as a phosphorylating compound. It is involved in the hydrolysis via phosphorylation of nanocrystals to obtain high-aspect-ratio cellulose nanocrystals. Also used in the synthesis of lithium-ion cells.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Camarero E. et al.: Biomacromol., 14, 1223 (2013); Meligrana, G. et al.: J. Power. Sources., 160, 516 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications Intermediate in the preparation of Camostat metabolites.<br>References Bodor, N., et al.: Pharm. Res., 3, 120 (1984), Han, L., et al.: Biochem., 46, 1432 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-(2,2,3-Trimethylcyclopentyl)butanoic Acid is used in preparation of Alicyclic compounds as off-note masking agent in consumables.Is used in preparation of 4-(2,2,3-Trimethylcyclopentyl)butanoic Acid as an off-note masking agent in consumables.<br>References Slack, Jay P., et al.: U.S., (2013); Slack, Jay P., et al.: PCT Int. Appl., (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a useful synthetic intermediate. An organic building block for plastics and rubber products.<br>References Gautam, R., et al.: Cryst. Growth Des., 18, 1501 (2018); Shvedene, N. V., et al.: J. Anal. Chem., 72, 95 (2017);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Methyl Salicylate USP Related Compound A<br>Applications 4-Hydroxy-isophthalic Acid Dimethyl Ester (cas# 5985-24-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Sertraline EP Impurity E<br>Applications (R)-(-)-Mandelic Acid (Sertraline EP Impurity E) is an antiseptic (urinary).<br>References Pessela, B., et al.: Enzyme Microb. Technol., 40, 310 (2007), Carrasco-Lopez, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 284, 4365 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Cyanoacetic acid is a dangerous compound that is commonly used as a synthetic intermediate. Cyanoacetic acid has also been found to have teratogenic effects on rat embryos.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Simpson, M., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 24, 634 (1986)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Dodecanol Acetate can be used as a foaming agent in the purification process of quartz sand. Furthermore, it is a main component of the essential oil from the flowers of Etlingera elatior (Jack) R. M. Smith, which is found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans.<br>References Wang, W., et al.: Faming Zhuanli Shenqing, CN 103663469 A 20140326 (2014); Susanti, D., et al.: Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 16, 294 (2013)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Methanesulfonic acid is a strong acid and is an important intermediate in the cycling process of sulfur in the environment. Methanesulfonic acid is an oxidation product of Dimethyl sulfide (T348000), and is also used as a sole source of carbon and energy for some gram-negative methylotropic bacteria.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References de Marco, P., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 181, 2244 (1999); Kolaitis, L., et al.: Env. Sci. Tech., 23, 236 (1989); Saltzman, E., et al.: Geophys. Res. Lett., 12, 437 (1985)<br></p>

<p>Applications A benzoic acid derivative used in photolysis reactions and biomaterial studies.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wetzels, G.M. et al.: Biomaterials., 20, 1879 (1999); Mao, C. et al.: Adv. Coll. Int. Sci., 110, 5 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications 17-Hydroxy-3,11-dioxo-androsta-1,4-diene-17β-carboxylic Acid is an intermediate used to prepare (11β,​17α)​-17-​[(Ethoxycarbonyl)​oxy]​-​11-​hydroxy-​3-​oxo-​androsta-​1,​4-​diene-​17-​carboxylic acid (E890570) which is a derivative of Loteprednol Etabonate (L471400), an ophthalmic corticosteroid.<br>References Alberth, M., et al.: J. Biopharm.Sci., 2, 115 (1991), Bodor, N., et al.: Pharm. Res., 9, 1275 (1992), Bartlett, J.D., et al.: J. Ocul. Pharmacol., 9, 157 (1993)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Aminohippuric Acid is used in the measurement of renal plasma flow as a diagnostic tool which may be applied towards kidney disorders.<br>References Phillips, R. et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 152, 523 (1948);<br></p>

<p>Applications Sebacic Acid is a urinary metabolite that has been identified as an anti-fatigue biomarker.<br>References Ma, C. et. al.: J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Anal. 105, 84 (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-ETHYL-3-NITROBENZOIC ACID (cas# 103440-95-5) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,3-Dihydroxypropanoic acid(20% in water) (cas# 473-81-4) is a useful research chemical.<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-(4-Hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid<br></p>