Pharmaceutical Standards

Applications Labelled Vanillin. Occurs naturally in a wide variety of foods and plants such as orchids; major commercial source of natural vanillin is from vanilla bean extract. Synthetically produced in-bulk from lignin-based byproduct of paper processes or from guaicol.
References Jenner, P.M., et al.: Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 2, 327 (1964), Clark, G.S., et al.: Perfum. Flavor., 15, 45 (1990),

Impurity Artemether USP Related Compound B
Applications Derivative of Artemisinin (A777500). Shows antimalarial and antifungal activity.
References Michael, O., et al.: Malaria J., 9, 335 (2010), Cesar, I., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 54, 114 (2011), Galal, A. et al.: J. Nat. Prod. 68, 1274 (2005)

2,2'-Thenil is a radical anion that has potent inhibitory activity against radical anions. It can be used to stabilize radical anions and prevent them from undergoing reactions with other radicals or reactive molecules. 2,2'-Thenil binds to the active site of the enzyme by electron transfer and stabilizes it, preventing it from undergoing reactions with other radicals or reactive molecules. The kinetic parameters for this reaction are dose-dependent and can be determined by measuring the optical spectra of both 2,2'-thenil and hydroxyurea.

3,3',4',5,5',8-Hexahydroxyflavone is a naturally occurring flavonoid, which is a type of polyphenolic compound. It is derived from various plant sources, including fruits, vegetables, and certain medicinal herbs. The compound is characterized by its chemical structure, which includes multiple hydroxyl groups, contributing to its biological activity.

The mode of action of 3,3',4',5,5',8-Hexahydroxyflavone involves its interaction with various cellular pathways and enzymes. Primarily, it is known for its antioxidant properties, where it scavenges free radicals and reactive oxygen species, thereby reducing oxidative stress. Additionally, it may exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by modulating signaling pathways involved in inflammation.

In terms of uses and applications, 3,3',4',5,5',8-Hexahydroxyflavone is primarily explored in scientific research focusing on its potential health benefits. Studies investigate its role in disease prevention, particularly conditions associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, such as cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders. While it holds promise in these areas, further research is necessary to fully understand its mechanisms and therapeutic potential.

1-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl) 2-nitropropene (1-MPNP) is a phosphatase inhibitor that is active against gram-negative bacteria by inhibiting enterotoxins and chlamydia. 1-MPNP inhibits the activity of tyrosine phosphatases, which are enzymes that play a major role in bacterial virulence. 1-MPNP competitively inhibits the activity of tyrosine phosphatases and prevents them from catalyzing the hydrolysis of polyphosphate substrates. This inhibition leads to an accumulation of polyphosphates in the bacterial cell membrane, which disrupts its permeability and leads to cell death.

3, 3'-Dihydroxy- [1, 1'-biphenyl] - 4, 4'-dicarboxylic acid (3,3'DHBA) is a versatile building block that can be used in the synthesis of various organic compounds. It is a necessary reagent for the production of high quality research chemicals and speciality chemicals. 3, 3'-Dihydroxy- [1, 1'-biphenyl] - 4, 4'-dicarboxylic acid has been reported to be useful as an intermediate in the synthesis of complex compounds with diverse applications. This compound has also been used as a reaction component for organic reactions. CAS No.: 861533-46-2.

4'-(Trifluoromethyl)acetophenone is a phosphatase inhibitor that has been shown to have inhibitory activity against chemokines. Chemokines are a type of cytokine that are secreted by immune cells and play an important role in inflammation. 4'-(Trifluoromethyl)acetophenone has also been shown to have an effect on the cell membrane permeability of amines and 2-aminobenzyl alcohol, which are substrates for the enzyme. 4'-(Trifluoromethyl)acetophenone reacts with imidazole derivatives, such as trifluoride, forming hydrogen bonds between the two molecules. Kinetic studies have demonstrated that this reaction is reversible in solution at room temperature.

Applications N-Acetylethylene Urea-d4 (cas# 1189701-94-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications Guanosine-5'-triphosphate disodium salt (CAS# 56001-37-7) is a nucleotide used in the preparation of photoreactive GTP affinity probes, and in inhibitors of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-4E.
References George Cisar, E. A.; J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135, 4676 (2013); Ghosh, P.; et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 16, 750 (2006).

Applications Triethylborane reacted with 8-hydroxyquinoline to synthesize three 8--​hydroxyquinolato (q) boron compounds B(C2H5)​2q (1)​, BPh2q (2)​, and B(2-​naph)​2q (3).
References Wu, Q., et al.: Chem. Mater., 12, 79 (2000).

2',4'-Dihydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxychalcone is a fine chemical that is used as a versatile building block in organic synthesis. It can be used to synthesize a variety of complex compounds and has been used as a reaction component in the preparation of other useful chemicals. This compound has been found to be useful as an intermediate in organic synthesis and research chemicals. 2',4'-Dihydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxychalcone is also recognized for its high quality and purity and can be used as a reagent.

N-a-t-Boc-N-g-trityl-L-asparagine is a recombinant human protein that has been synthesized in E. coli. It is a peptide with 17β-estradiol at its C terminus, and it binds to the oestrogen receptor α (ERα) via hydrogen bonding interactions. The linker between the asparagine and estradiol is a Boc group that can be removed by protease activity, revealing the active form of 17β-estradiol. ERα ligates to N-a-t-Boc-N-g-trityl L asparagine with high affinity, and this interaction is reversible. The linker also contains a functional group for surface attachment, which may be used to attach this peptide to a solid support or tissue culture substrate for use in cell cultures.
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Applications The formation of p-Cresol-(methyl-13C) via phenol methylation at higher temperature from the deactivation of basic catalyst.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Borodina, I. B., et al.: Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 80, 892-898 (2006)

Applications [4S-(4α,7β,7aα)]-7,7a-Dihydro-7-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4H-furo[3,2-c]pyran-2(6H)-one-13C3 is an intermediate used in the synthesis of Patulin-13C3 (P206502), which is a labelled Patulin (PAT), a mycotoxin produced by certain species of Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys, is mainly found in ripe apple and apple products. Patulin-induced genotoxicity and modulation of glutathione in Hep G2 cells. Antibiotic.
References Scott, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 20, 450 (1972), Aden, D., et al.: Nature, 282, 615 (1979), Surralles, J., et al.: Mutat. Res., 341, 169 (1995), Alves, I., et al.: Mutagenesis, 15, 229 (2000), Liu, B., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 191, 255 (2003)

Valeric acid is a fatty acid that is used in the manufacture of polymers. Valeric acid can be synthesized from caproic acid, which is found in palm oil and coconut oil. Valeric acid has been shown to inhibit the activity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at low concentrations and to have an inhibitory effect on the ryanodine receptor at high concentrations. Valeric acid also has a matrix effect on analytical methods such as gas-liquid chromatography, which has been modeled using polymer compositions.

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Naphthalene is a chemical that is used for wastewater treatment and as a pesticide. It is also used in the manufacturing of polymers, resins, and plastics. Naphthalene has antimicrobial properties due to its hydrophobic effect. Naphthalene's antimicrobial activity is based on its ability to react with the skeleton of bacterial cells and disrupt the integrity of their outer membrane. Naphthalene also interacts with proteins and DNA, causing cell death. The molecular mechanisms of naphthalene's antibacterial activity are not well understood but have been studied using Hl-60 cells, which are immortalized human monocytic leukemia cells. This study showed that naphthalene affects the cell cycle by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria through binding to ribosomes or by disrupting the dna replication process.

Ropivacaine Related Compound A is a chemical compound that has not been fully characterized. It is an inhibitor of the enzyme P-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is involved in the synthesis of tyrosine and phenylalanine. Ropivacaine Related Compound A has shown to be potent inducers of the enzyme polymerase chain reaction (PCR) when combined with other chemicals such as potassium peroxydisulfate. The optimum concentration for this chemical compound to inhibit PCR reactions is 50 mM. Ropivacaine Related Compound A may have carcinogenic potential due to its ability to form p-hydroxybenzoic acid and other carcinogenic compounds. This chemical compound has been found to be a good candidate for wastewater treatment due to its low potency and high solubility in water.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid is an organic acid that is a valuable intermediate in the chemical production of epidermal growth factor. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid also has been shown to be useful as a reagent for the detection of bacterial strains, including E. coli, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The enzyme activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid are not well understood, but it has been shown to have effects on congestive heart failure and bowel disease. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid may be used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease due to its ability to inhibit certain enzymes responsible for inflammation and pain. The long term toxicity and symptoms associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid have not yet been studied, but it has been shown to have no effect on cardiac function

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