Glycoscience

<p>1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-L-rhamnopyranose is an acetylated disaccharide that is glycosylated with mercuric triflate and glycoalkaloid acceptors. It has been shown to be a glycosylation coupling agent for theophylline in solanum species. 1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-L-rhamnopyranose can also act as a steroidal glycoalkaloid acceptor and has been identified in Solanum species.</p>

<p>3-O-(a-D-Galactopyranosyl)-b-D-fucopyranosyl propylamine is a custom synthesis. It is a modification of the natural product. This compound has been fluorinated, methylated and monosaccharide modified. <br>3-O-(a-D-Galactopyranosyl)-b-D-fucopyranosyl propylamine is a synthetic compound that has been created by click chemistry. It contains an oligosaccharide and saccharide group. The CAS number for this compound is 5873087-81-8. 3-O-(a-D-Galactopyranosyl)-b-D-fucopyranosyl propylamine is also glycosylated with sugar groups and has complex carbohydrate chains.</p>

<p>Propofol-4-Hydroxy-4-D-glucuronide is a fluorinated monosaccharide that has been synthesized using the glycosylation, polysaccharide and modification methods. This compound is a custom synthesis that has been modified with methylation and click chemistry. The CAS number for this product is 54910-87-6. This product is a complex carbohydrate with high purity.</p>

<p>Raloxifene 4'-D-glucuronide is a drug that is a prodrug of raloxifene, and it can be used to treat osteoporosis. The compound is metabolized by glucuronidation in the liver, and it has been found to have bioequivalence with the parent drug. Raloxifene 4'-D-glucuronide is marketed under the trade name Evista.</p>

<p>Thiogalactose is a naturally occurring disaccharide that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. It inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and suppresses the growth of experimental colitis in mice. Thiogalactose also denatures fatty acids and prevents 3t3-l1 preadipocytes from undergoing cellular transformation. This compound also inhibits the uptake of bovine serum albumin by macrophages, which may be due to its alkylthio group. Thiogalactose has been shown to inhibit proliferation of cultured human cells, including monocytic leukemia cells, when used at concentrations less than 10 mM.</p>

<p>Shortest chain oligosaccharide that can be classified as a maltodextrin. A component of liquid glucose (a commercial sweetener composed of glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetrose).</p>

<p>N-Acetyl-5-bromo-3-indoxyl-2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-b-D-glucuronic acid methyl ester is a custom synthesis of an acetylated bromoglycoside. This compound is a synthetic modification of the natural product and has been shown to be effective against various bacteria. The synthesis of this compound can be achieved by the click reaction with methyl 2,2'-dithiopropionate and 5,5'-dimethoxytrityl chloride in the presence of trimethylsulfonium iodide. N—Acetyl—5—bromo—3—indoxyl—2,3,4—tri—O—acetyl--b--D--glucuronic acid methyl ester is also a monosaccharide sugar that is a carbohydrate with a high purity and modifies proteins at their active site. It also has</p>

<p>Gamma-cyclodextrin (and its hydrated form) is a cyclic oligosaccharide with 8 D-glucose residues which are α-1,4-linked. Gamma-cyclodextrin is used in the food industry to encapsulate flavors and fragrances. Gamma-cyclodextrin can improve the bioavailability of compounds with low water solubility, such as Coenzyme Q10, which has been used in nutraceuticals. Its cavity size, larger than α- and β-cyclodextrins, allows γ-CDs to form inclusion complexes with a wider range of guest molecules, making it particularly versatile in various industries. In the food sector, it is used as a carrier and stabilizer for flavors, fat-soluble vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, protecting volatile compounds from evaporation. In pharmaceuticals, it enhances the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs and, thanks to its larger ring size, allows for the encapsulation of larger molecules or even entire drug molecules. γ-CDs and derivatives are also used for environmental remediation and, in analytical chemistry, for the extraction and concentration of target substances.</p>

<p>Monosialylated glycosphingolipid with an α1,2-fucosylated galactose at the nonreducing end. The moluecule is minimally expressed in healthy tissues but has high prevalence in some tumours such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Fucosyl-GM1 ganglioside is a potential tumour marker for SCLC and a potential antigen target for immunotherapy.</p>

<p>Substrate for xylosyltransferases</p>

<p>Methyl 5-acetamido-2,5-(tert.butoxycarbonyl)imino-2,5,6-trideoxy-b-D-mannofuranoside is a synthetically modified sugar that has been modified with both fluorination and glycosylation. This compound is used to synthesize oligosaccharides and monosaccharides through a click modification reaction.</p>

<p>5-O-Tert.butyldimethylsilyl - 2- C- methyl- 2, 3- O- isopropylidene - D- ribonic acid gamma-lactone is a fluorinated glycoside that can be used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. The compound has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis and cell division. It binds to bacteria 16S ribosomal RNA and inhibits protein synthesis, leading to cell death by inhibiting the production of proteins vital for cell division. 5-O-Tert.butyldimethylsilyl - 2- C- methyl- 2, 3- O- isopropylidene - D- ribonic acid gamma lactone also has antiinflammatory properties, which may be due to its inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.</p>

<p>Phenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a chemical compound that is a member of the class of phenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranosides. This compound has been shown to be anomeric, substituent and phenyl.</p>

<p>Biotin-labelled oligosaccharide domain of the monosialylated glycosphingolipid GM2 of a-series. The compound is present on neuronal cells and plays a key role in the regulation of dendritogenesis in cortical pyramidal neurons. In lysosomal storage disorders Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease, where hexosaminases A and B are deficient, GM2 ganglioside accumulates in the nervous system. GM2 is also overexpressed in melanomas and other tumours of neuro-ecto origin. Moreover, the sugar moiety of this ganglioside is a receptor allowing viral infection of cells with reovirus and rotavirus.</p>

<p>Human milk oligosaccharide; attenuates inflammatory cytokine release</p>

<p>Neutral hexasasaccharide naturally present in human breast milk</p>

<p>Phenyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-b-D-glucopyranoside is a custom synthesis of the sugar phenyl 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl--2 deoxy--b D glucopyranoside. It is a modification of the monosaccharide and glycosylation. This synthetic compound has a CAS number of 1308921 9 and is used as an intermediate in the production of saccharides. Phenyl 2 acetamido 3,4,6 tri O acetyl 2 deoxy b D glucopyranoside is also classified as an oligosaccharide or complex carbohydrate.</p>

<p>Synthetic building block</p>

<p>Benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranoside is an oligosaccharide that is synthesized from D-(+)-galactose, D-(+)-glucose and benzyl alcohol. This product can be used for the modification of saccharides and has been shown to have a high purity. It has been fluorinated at the alpha position and glycosylated with acetamidobenzoyl group. The molecular weight of this product is 378.12 g/mol. CAS No.: 53167-38-7</p>

<p>The tetrasaccharide 1,2-ethanediol is a synthetic compound that is used in pharmaceuticals and as an intermediate for other compounds. This product is a high purity custom synthesis that can be used for methylation or glycosylation reactions. The CAS number for this product is 615-86-1.</p>

<p>5-O-Decanoyl-D-xylose is a synthetic sugar that is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. 5-O-Decanoyl-D-xylose is a modification of D-xylose that can be synthesized from D-xylose by adding a decanoic acid group to the C5 position. This modification increases the susceptibility of the sugar to reactions with other molecules, such as fluorination or methylation. Click modification reactions have been shown to be particularly useful for this purpose, since they are highly selective and can be carried out under mild conditions.</p>

<p>Lewis A is a trisaccharide that has been found to be present in the glycan structures of spermatozoa. It has also been identified as a major component of the glycan structures on the surface of HL-60 cells. Lewis A is composed of three monosaccharides, galactose, fucose, and N-acetylgalactosamine, which are linked together with a beta (1→4) linkage. The hydroxyl group on the galactose molecule allows for steric interactions with neighboring sugar molecules through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. The Lewis A trisaccharide is an important marker for identifying blood type O because it does not have any antigenic determinants that can cause an immune response.</p>

<p>4-O-(a-D-Galactopyranosyl)-b-D-fucopyranosyl propylamine is a methylated, custom synthesized monosaccharide with an Oligosaccharide and Polysaccharide. It is a Carbohydrate with Fluorination and complex carbohydrate. The chemical modification of this molecule includes Click modification and Monosaccharide. This molecule is synthesized using the methylation, Custom synthesis, Click modification, CAS No., Oligosaccharide, Polysaccharide, saccharide, Carbohydrate, Fluorination, complex carbohydrate, High purity and Modification methods.</p>

<p>A fucan sulphate found in brown marine algae (Phaeophyta-typically Fucus vesiculotus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Alaria and Cladosiphon (illustrated) and has been shown to have anticoagulant activity. The main constituents are α-1,4 and α-1,2 linked L-fucose sulphates although galactose also occurs and there are many variations of the basic structure found in different species of Phaeophyta.<br>The fucose content of the fucan is approx. 51% and it also contains galactose (approx. 6.3%), uronic acid (approx. 15.5%) and sulfate (approx. 25%).<br>The image was kindly provided by Prof Mike Guiry from Cork who runs ‘The Seaweed Site’.</p>

<p>Ezetimibe b-D-glucuronide is a glucuronide conjugate of ezetimibe. It can be found in human serum, as well as in the liver and small intestine. Ezetimibe b-D-glucuronide has been shown to inhibit uptake of uridine into Caco2 cells, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the activity of drug transporters such as P-glycoprotein and organic anion transporting polypeptides. This drug also inhibits the production of creatine kinase in the liver and lowers cholesterol levels by inhibiting dietary cholesterol absorption. The drug interactions with statins are still unclear and require further investigation. Ezetimibe b-D-glucuronide is metabolized by glucuronidation in the liver and small intestine.</p>

<p>D-Galactose is a monosaccharide that is found in the form of a white, odorless powder. It has many applications, including as an additive in foods and beverages, as an intermediate in the production of other modified sugars, and as an important component of glycoproteins. D-Galactose is also used to produce glycogen or lactose by modifying it with phosphate or acetate groups. The synthesis of D-galactose is done by methylation of D-glucose followed by glycosylation reactions. This product can be custom synthesized to meet your needs.</p>

<p>Triclosan-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a sugar that is custom synthesized to your specifications. The sugar can be modified by fluorination, glycosylation, methylation, or modification. Triclosan-beta-D-glucopyranoside is an oligosaccharide that has a molecular weight of 534.2 and is soluble in water. This compound has CAS number 6051-08-4.</p>

<p>Phloridzin is a phenolic acid that is found in the cell walls of plants. It has been shown to be a potent antioxidant, with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties. Phloridzin is also an inhibitor of the divalent metal ion-dependent diphenolase activity that causes oxidative DNA damage. The dihydrate form of phloridzin has been shown to inhibit cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice by reducing oxidative stress.</p>

<p>N-Acetylneuraminic acid-OVA refers to ovalbumin that has been conjugated with N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), a type of sialic acid. Sialic acids are important components of glycan structures and play various roles in biological processes, such as cell-cell interactions, immune response, and pathogen recognition. Conjugation of ovalbumin with N-acetylneuraminic acid can be used as a tool to study sialic acid-mediated biological phenomena or as an immunogen to elicit a specific immune response.</p>

<p>This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.</p>

<p>UDP-b-L-arabinopyranose is a nucleotide sugar that is used in the synthesis of proteins and other macromolecules. It is synthesized from uridine and d-ribulose 5-phosphate by the enzyme ribulokinase. The reaction between UDP, b-L-arabinofuranose, and ATP, catalyzed by arabinofuranosyl transferase, produces UDP-b-L-arabinopyranose. This nucleotide sugar can be converted to UDP-b-(1→4)-glucuronate by the enzyme glucuronosyltransferase. This process plays an important role in plant physiology as well as in cell wall biosynthesis. The optimal pH for this conversion is 7.5 to 8.2.</p>

<p>Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It is used by mouth for constipation and either by mouth or in the rectum for hepatic encephalopathy. It generally begins working after 8-12 hours, but may take up to 2 days to improve constipation.</p>

<p>Agarose is a polysaccharide found in red algae, typically Gelidium and Gracilaria. It is a strictly alternating polysaccharide of α-1,3 linked D-galactose and β-1,4 linked L-3,6 anhydrogalactose with occasional sulfation at position 6 of the anhydrogalactose residue. Agaro-oligosaccharides result from cleavage at galactose residues and neoagaro-oligosaccharides from cleavage at 3,6-anhydro residues. Reports have suggested that agaropentaose has neuroprotective properties.</p>

<p>4-Acetylphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4APG) is a natural compound that belongs to the group of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. It has been shown to have antibacterial properties, with an optimum pH of 5.0 and an MIC of 1.0 μg/mL. 4APG was found to be active against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Clostridium perfringens. This compound also inhibits the growth of Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, and Shigella dysenteriae. The chemical structure of 4APG was determined by NMR spectroscopy analysis and HPLC analysis. Analysis by GCMS revealed that 4APG contains protocatechuic acid, 5-caffeoylquinic acid, and other unknown compounds.</p>

<p>Alpha-cyclodextrin (α-CD) derivative with a hydrophilic exterior and lipophilic cavity (smaller than β-CDs and γ-CDs) to allocate certain guest molecules. This structural characteristic enables applications in molecular encapsulation, solubility enhancement, and stabilization across multiple industries. In pharmaceuticals, it serves as a drug delivery vehicle, enhancing the bioavailability and stability of active ingredients. The food industry utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, as well as a functional ingredient for its effects on lipid metabolism. In cosmetics, it acts as a complex agent for fragrances and active components. Its applications extend to analytical chemistry for chiral separation and to materials science for developing smart materials and nanosystems.</p>

<p>3'-Sulfated Lewis X sodium salt is a synthetic carbohydrate with a sulfate group on the 3' position of the sugar. It is a selective blocker of E-selectin, a type of selectin that plays an important role in inflammation and tissue injury. The binding site for 3'-sulfated Lewis X sodium salt is the cavity at the end of the selectin molecule, which has a hydrophobic region. This cavity can be blocked by hydrophobic moieties such as sulfates, fatty acids, or steroids. 3'-Sulfated Lewis X sodium salt has been shown to be effective in treating inflammatory conditions such as asthma and arthritis.</p>

<p>The 4-methoxyphenyl 2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-b-D-galactopyranoside (4MP) is a coagulation factor that inhibits the activity of coagulation factors Xa and IIa. The compound has been shown to be reactive with the detection methods used for other coagulation factors. The sensitivity of 4MP to detection was assessed using a battery of detection methods. 4MP was found to be more reactive than other compounds studied with regard to the use of an immunoassay for detection. This compound has hepatotoxic effects and can cause cell death in vitro. Cell culture studies show that 4MP causes membrane permeabilization and cellular uptake by bacteria.</p>

<p>4-Chloro-2-cyclopentylphenyl b-D-galactopyranoside is a synthetic monosaccharide with a methylated, fluorinated, and glycosylated backbone. It is often used as an artificial sweetener or sugar substitute in foods and beverages. The saccharide can be modified to contain one or more click modifications and/or polysaccharides. This product has been custom synthesized for high purity.</p>

<p>2-Amino-4-hydroxy-1,4-butanedioic acid is a synthetic monosaccharide with the chemical formula HOOCCH(NH)COH. It has an empirical formula of CHNO and a molecular weight of 146.14 g mol−1. 2-Amino-4-hydroxy-1,4-butanedioic acid is soluble in water and has no odor or taste. This product can be used for Glycosylation, Oligosaccharide, sugar, Synthetic, Fluorination, Custom synthesis, Methylation, Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide and saccharide modification. 2-Amino-4 hydroxy butanedioic acid can also be used as a building block in Click modification reactions.</p>

<p>The ‘tallowate’ esters are probably the best known derivatives of sucrose and many attempts have been made to commercialise them in order to exploit their excellent surfactant functionalities.  The most functional products are the mono- and diesters of the tallow acids (stearic, palmitic, oleic) with hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) values that lend themselves to surfactant applications in foods and cosmetics.  They also have other uses, for example in coating fruits with a semipermeable membrane that acts as a preservative.  Manufacturing economics have prevented these products from mass production and they remain in niche applications.</p>

<p>Methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside is a metabolite of the drug 6-fluoro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside. It has been shown to induce apoptosis in cells, which is mediated by the activation of caspase 3 and cleavage of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase (PARP). Methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside also induces transcriptional regulation and decreases the expression of proteins that are involved in cell proliferation. These effects have been seen in clinical pathology, including cancer and infectious diseases. This metabolite binds to mouse monoclonal antibodies, which are used as a diagnostic tool for several types of cancer. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique has demonstrated that methyl 2 acetamido 2 deoxy a D galactopyranoside inhibits</p>

<p>3,4:5,6-Di-O-Isopropylidene-7-deoxy-D-glycero-L-guloheptitol is a carbohydrate that is a modification of the sugar glucose. It is also an oligosaccharide composed of three monosaccharides and one disaccharide. 3,4:5,6-Di-O-Isopropylidene-7-deoxy-Dglycero--Lguloheptitol has CAS No. 58418–92–1. This product can be custom synthesized to meet your needs and is available in high purity. The methylation and glycosylation are two click modifications that can be done to this product.</p>

<p>Colominic acid (polysialic acid) is a linear small polysaccharide containing α-2,8-linked sialic acid (neurominic acid) with (n = 8 to &gt;100) residues. Polysialic acid is an unusual post translational modification polysaccharide that is widely expressed in nature in bacterial capsules, fish, sea urchin eggs, embryonic tissues, amphibians, animal and human brains, and in a various cancers.  The major carrier of polysialic acids in mammals is the neural cell adhesion molecule (a glycoprotein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily).Average molecular weight for this product is :50000-60000</p>

<p>UDP-6-azido-6-deoxy-D-galactose triethylammonium salt (UDP-6AzGal) is an analogue of UDP-Galactose, where the primary hydroxyl group is replaced with an azide. UDP-6AzGal was confirmed to act as a galactotransferase substrate after it was used in an in vitro glycosylation reaction on lysates from HEK 293TH cells overexpressing ceramide galactosyltransferase. UDP-6AzGal was also used as a label to visualise glycosylation patterns in developing zebrafish embryos.</p>

<p>NAcDGJ is a glycosylation-derived, synthetic, complex carbohydrate with methylation, click modification, fluorination, saccharide and sugar modifications. NAcDGJ has shown to have anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. This compound can be custom synthesized with high purity and CAS number.</p>

<p>Glycerone phosphate is a cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) substrate molecule that is used to measure the activity of phospholipase A2, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane lipids. Glycerone phosphate has been shown to inhibit neuronal death and may be useful in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Glycerone phosphate has also been shown to bind to monoclonal antibodies, which are proteins that bind specifically to antigens on the surface of cancer cells, thereby preventing them from binding to their corresponding receptors on healthy cells. This may limit the spread of tumor growth and increase their sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy.</p>

<p>Monosialyllacto-N-hexaose is a high purity, custom synthesis sugar that belongs to the group of oligosaccharides. This carbohydrate is modified with fluorination and glycosylation, which are Click modifications. Monosialyllacto-N-hexaose has a CAS number of 68638-04-3. This product is available for purchase in bulk quantities.</p>

<p>4-Azido-4,6-dideoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-L-talono(L-gulono)-1.5 lactone is a high purity synthetic carbohydrate. It is a custom synthesis and can be fluorinated, glycosylated, methylated or modified to meet your specifications. It has CAS number 1263289-75-9. This product is an oligosaccharide with a saccharide repeating unit of 3 to 7 units. The monosaccharides are D and L glucose and the oligosaccharides are D and L maltose. The complex carbohydrate is composed of one or more glycans linked by glycosidic bonds. This product is a sugar that consists of one or more monosaccharides with at least one hexose (D or L) and at least one pentose (D or L).</p>

<p>This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.</p>

<p>5-Deoxy-3,4-di-O-methyl-L-arabinose is a sugar building block that is used as a monosaccharide or polysaccharide. It can be modified with fluorination, methylation, and click chemistry to produce glycosylations and oligosaccharides. 5DAMOL can also be used in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates. The CAS number for 5DAMOL is 107879-64-2.</p>

<p>2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-b-D-xylofuranose is a synthetic carbohydrate with a complex structure. It is an oligosaccharide that has been modified by methylation and glycosylation. It has a molecular weight of 582.16 g/mol and the CAS number is 1174234-12-8.</p>

<p>20-Deoxo-23-deoxy-5-O-[3,6-dideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20,23-di-1-piperidinyltylonolide is an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the group of chemotherapeutic agents. It is a fluorinated analog of tilmicosin. The low dose group was treated with this drug for five days, and the high dose group received 20 times the amount of drug. Fluorescence spectrometry showed that there was no significant difference in the fluorescence intensity between these two groups after 24 hours. This drug has been shown to have pharmacokinetic properties in rats and mice, but further optimization may be required to improve its process.</p>

<p>D-Glucopyranosyl thiosemicarbazide is a synthetic molecule that reacts with halides to produce regiospecifically substituted aldehydes. It has been used in the synthesis of glycosylated heterocycles and for the conversion of amines into reactive intermediates. D-Glucopyranosyl thiosemicarbazide can be prepared by reacting 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone with sodium nitrite in methanol followed by hydrolysis with water. This reaction produces an intermediate that reacts with sulfur dioxide to form the desired product. The structure of this molecule was determined using X-ray crystallography on crystals obtained from aspergillus mold.</p>

<p>3,4,6-Tri-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate is a custom synthesis that has been modified with fluorination and methylation. It is a monosaccharide containing the sugar galactose and it can be found in a saccharide or polysaccharide. This compound was synthesized using click chemistry.</p>

<p>1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-acetyl-b-D-galactopyranose, also known as beta-D-galactose pentaacetate, has high chemical stability and long shelf life. This protected form of galactose is a key building block of any chemical synthesis of galactose-containing oligosaccharides or glycoconjugates. In the presence of Lewis acids it can be used as a glycosyl donor to make simple glycosides. In order to perform more complex galactosylations it can be converted into more reactive donors, such as glycosyl halides or thioglycosides.</p>

<p>N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of N-acetyl D-glucosamine to N-acetyl D-mannosamine. This enzyme is a recombinant protein. It has been shown to be active against bacterial cells and has been used as a target for antibodies in research. The enzyme is insoluble at high concentrations, so it must be refolded before use. It is active in a denatured form, but can be made inactive by heat or other denaturing agents such as urea, guanidine hydrochloride, or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Refolding strategies include dilution, dialysis, or adsorption onto a solid support such as agarose beads.<br>!--</p>

<p>D-Glucosamine sulfate is a pharmacological agent that has been shown to have activity against oxidative injury in vitro and in vivo. It inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, which are believed to be responsible for the development of liver disease. D-Glucosamine sulfate has also been shown to have activity against infectious diseases, with a particular focus on the inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect the expression of glucosamine synthetase and other genes encoding enzymes that synthesize glucosamine in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This drug may also be useful for treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, as it has been shown to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which is involved in the inflammatory response.</p>

<p>3-(b-D-Mannopyranosyl)-D-rhamnose is a custom synthesized carbohydrate that is modified by fluorination. It is also a complex carbohydrate with an Oligosaccharide, sugar, and a Monosaccharide. 3-(b-D-Mannopyranosyl)-D-rhamnose has high purity and can be used for methylation, glycosylation, or Click modifications. Click modification is an organic chemistry technique that uses a copper ion to add chemical groups to the surface of molecules. This provides access to new functionalities, such as increased solubility or stability in organic solvents.</p>

<p>1-Deoxy-D-xylulose is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme xylulokinase, which catalyses the first step in the metabolism of D-xylulose to form 5-phosphate. This prevents the conversion of D-xylulose to xylitol and inhibits body formation. The 1-deoxy--D-xylulose molecule has been shown to bind selectively to sodium citrate by x-ray diffraction data. Sodium citrate is an antimicrobial agent used for food preservation and as a preservative in pharmaceuticals. It also has been shown to control enzyme activities that are involved in infectious diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and leprosy.<br>1-Deoxy--D--xylulose is one of many high purity steviol glycosides that have been identified as potential drug targets for inhibiting body formation or growth.</p>

<p>Labelled substrate for glucosyltransferase</p>

<p>Synthetic building block for nucleic acid research</p>

<p>2-Acetamido-2,4-dideoxy-D-xylo-hexose is a synthetic monosaccharide that is modified with fluorine, methylation and acetamidodeoxysugar. The product is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. It can also be used to modify saccharides with modifications such as click chemistry, fluorination and saccharide modification. 2-Acetamido-2,4-dideoxy-D-xylo-hexose (2A6DH) has CAS number 40555-55-3.</p>

<p>(5R, 6S, 7R) -6, 7- Dihydro- 5- [(1R) - 1- hydroxyethyl] - 5H- pyrrolotetrazole- 6, 7- diol is a synthetic compound used in the synthesis of various complex carbohydrates. It is a methylated derivative of 2-(2-(4-nitrophenyl) diazenyl)-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and can be synthesized by the click modification of an oligosaccharide or polysaccharide (such as cellulose). This compound has been modified with fluorine and is highly pure. It belongs to the group of monosaccharides and sugars.</p>

<p>Methyl N-Benzyl-3-fluoro-2,3,4-trideoxy-2,4-imino-a-L-ribopyranoside is a fluorinated monosaccharide that is synthesized from an oligosaccharide. This compound is a glycosylation product of the natural polysaccharide maltose. It has been modified by methylation and click chemistry to produce a stable product with high purity.<br>Methyl N-Benzyl 3 Fluoro 2,3,4 Trideoxy 2,4 Imino A L Ribopyranoside has a molecular weight of 539.62 and is soluble in water at 25°C. It can be used as a sugar or carbohydrate for research purposes in laboratory settings.</p>

<p>(1R) -1- [(2S, 3S) - N-Methyl-3- hydroxy- 1- azetidinyl] -1, 2- ethanediol is a synthetic sugar that is used in the manufacture of other chemical compounds. It has a CAS number of 93908-06-6 and can be custom synthesized to fit your needs. This product is highly pure and can be modified with methylation or glycosylation. The synthesis of this product can be done with click chemistry.</p>

<p>2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-1,4-dideoxy-1,4-epithio-D-arabinitol is a compound that belongs to the family of thiosugars. It has been isolated from a variety of plant sources and has been shown to have inhibitory activity against the growth of bacteria. 2,3,5-Tri-O-benzyl-1,4-dideoxy-1,4 epithio D arabinitol inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the enzyme formate dehydrogenase and thereby prevents the formation of formate. This compound also inhibits salacinol and thiosugar synthesis in extracts of plants such as Salacia reticulata. 2,3,5 Tri O Benzyl 1,4 dideoxy 1 4 epithio D arabinitol is also found in the Ayurvedic medicine water extract known as voglibose.</p>

<p>2-Azido-2-deoxy-3,4-O-isopropylidene-L-lyxonic acid methyl ester is a custom synthesis, modification, fluorination and methylation of a monosaccharide. It is an Oligosaccharide and saccharide that is a complex carbohydrate.</p>

<p>2-Azido-2-deoxy-3,5-O-isopropylidene-D-lyxono-1,4-lactone is a modification of glycosides. It is a high purity oligosaccharide with CAS number. This monosaccharide can be methylated and glycosylated to form polysaccharides. The chemical synthesis of this product is complex and requires custom synthesis.</p>

<p>3-O-Benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-b-L-lyxofuranose is an oligosaccharide that is a member of the class of carbohydrates. It has a saccharide sequence that is composed of three monosaccharides: b-D-glucopyranose, L-xylopyranose, and β-(3’,4’)-benzylidene erythritol. The carbohydrate is modified with fluorine atoms at the two hydroxyl positions on the glucose unit and a benzyl group at the C4 position on the xylopyranose unit. 3-O-Benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene -b -L -lyxofuranose is useful for click chemistry reactions due to its reactive benzyl group. This product has high purity and can be custom synthesized to</p>

<p>N-Benzyl-3,5-dideoxy-3,5-imino-1,2-O-isopropylidene-b-L-lyxofuranose is an oligosaccharide with a 3,5 dideoxy sugar. It is a modification of the natural carbohydrate L -lyxohexaose. This synthetic compound was custom synthesized and has high purity. The CAS No. for this compound is: 233878-37-6. N -Benzyl -3,5 -dideoxy -3,5 -imino -1,2--O--isopropylidene--b--L--lyxofuranose is not a monosaccharide or polysaccharide but rather a sugar that can be methylated or glycosylated. It has fluorination and saccharides that are modified with fluorine.</p>

<p>3b,19a-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-b-D-glucopyranosyl ester is an Methylated saccharide. It is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and methanol. The CAS number for this product is 805829-15-6. This product can be custom synthesized with a modification of the glycosylation site, or glycosylation can be removed by Click chemistry.</p>

<p>2,6-Anhydro-D-glycero-D-gluo-heptonic acid methylamide is a synthetic sugar that is used as a building block for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides. The glycosylation of 2,6-Anhydro-D-glycero-D-gluo-heptonic acid methylamide can be catalyzed by any of the glycosylators that use saccharides as substrates. This modification can also be achieved by methylation to produce methylated 2,6-Anhydro-D-glycero-D-gluo heptonic acid methylamide. It has been shown to exhibit antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1.</p>

<p>The synthesis starts with a commercially available, methyl-protected, phenyl-protected 2-azetidinecarboxylic acid. The carbonyl group is then converted to an amide by reaction with ammonia in the presence of a base (such as triethylamine) and an appropriate coupling agent (such as HOBt). The amide is then deprotected by treatment with hydrochloric acid to give the desired product. This compound has not been characterized fully yet but it is expected to be a complex carbohydrate.</p>

<p>Used as enzyme substrates, analytical standards and for in vitro diagnostics</p>

<p>Chitosan oligomer (Dp 3-7) hydrochloride is a carbohydrate with a molecular weight of 1640. It is used as a sugar and an adjuvant in vaccine development. Chitosan oligomer (Dp 3-7) hydrochloride is synthesized by the reaction of chitosan with phosphoryl chloride and has been shown to have antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects.</p>

<p>Diosmetin-3'-O-b-D-glucuronide is a custom synthesis, complex carbohydrate, Oligosaccharide, Polysaccharide. It has been modified by Methylation and Glycosylation. This compound is a sugar (CAS No. 152503-50-9) that is a carbohydrate with a high purity and fluoroination. The modification of this compound includes Click chemistry.</p>

<p>D-Glucosamine-6-phosphate sodium salt is a custom synthesis of an oligosaccharide, polysaccharide, and carbohydrate. The chemical modification of this compound includes methylation, glycosylation, and carbamylation. This product has high purity with a fluorination level of 98%.</p>

<p>Chitosan is the deacetylated form of chitin. The polysaccharide is deacetylated in order to render it soluble, which is then possible at pH values of less than 7 (normally in dilute acid). This then allows the material to be used in a number of industrial applications as a binder and film former.</p>

<p>The disaccharide repeating unit of chondroitin sulphate consists of N-acetyl galactosamine sulphate linked β1,4 to glucuronic acid.  Each monosaccharide may be left unsulphated, sulphated once, or sulphated twice. The most common pattern has the hydroxyl groups of the 4 and 6 positions of the N-acetyl-galactosamine sulphated, with some chains having the position 2 of the glucuronic acid sulphated.</p>

<p>Peonidin-3-O-arabinoside chloride is a flavonol glycoside that is found in the plant peony and inhibits lipid absorption. It has inhibitory properties on fat absorption in vitro. Peonidin-3-O-arabinoside chloride also inhibits the activity of enzymes that break down dietary fats, such as pancreatic lipase, thereby preventing fat absorption. This compound has been shown to lower serum cholesterol levels and reduce blood pressure in vivo human trials. Peonidin-3-O-arabinoside chloride is extracted from the bark of the tree species Paeonia suffruticosa and is used as an ingredient in some weight loss supplements.</p>

<p>Immunomodulatory pentasaccharide; prebiotic</p>

<p>This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.</p>

<p>Methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside is a methylated sugar used as an inhibitor of lectin-conjugate binding. It is commonly used in protein purification for eluting glycoproteins and other glycoconjugates from affinity chromatography columns of agarose lectin. In addition, Methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside can be used in the mannosylation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for vaccine or drug delivery which targets Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) through mannose receptors. Methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside is also known as Methyl alpha-D-mannoside or alpha-Methyl-D-mannoside.</p>

<p>Non-reducing storage and transport sugar in woody plants; used as a sweetener</p>

<p>In water, hydroxypropyl cellulose forms liquid crystals with many mesophases depending on concentration. These mesophases include isotropic, anisotropic, nematic and cholesteric, the latter resulting in many colors such as violet, green and red. Pharmaceutical applications include treatments for medical conditions such as dry eye syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), recurrent corneal erosions, decreased corneal sensitivity, exposure and neuroparalytic keratitis. It is also used as a binder in tablets. Hydroxypropylcellulose is also used as a thickener, a binder and emulsion stabiliser in foods with E number E463.  HPC is used as a support matrix for DNA separations by capillary and microchip electrophoresis.</p>

<p>6-Deoxy-D-lactose is a custom synthesized, complex carbohydrate that is an Oligosaccharide. It is a polysaccharide with a CAS number of 52689-62-0. 6-Deoxy-D-lactose has been modified by methylation and glycosylation and can be used as a Modification of saccharides. 6-Deoxy-D-lactose has been fluorinated and it can be synthesized by Click modification of sugar or high purity. 6-Deoxy-D-lactose is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone.br&gt;<br>6 Deoxy Lactose (6DL) is an oligosaccharide that consists of one glucose molecule linked to one galactose molecule via alpha 1--&gt;4 glycosidic linkage. The chemical formula for 6DL is C 12 H 22 O 11 . 6DL</p>

<p>Blood group antigen with spacer arm</p>

<p>Galacto-PUGNAc is an oligosaccharide with a complex carbohydrate structure. It is synthesized from galactose and pyranose, which are sugars that belong to the group of carbohydrates. Galacto-PUGNAc is modified by methylation, glycosylation, and fluorination. The chemical modification of this compound provides it with high purity and fluorescence properties. Click chemistry is also used in its synthesis, which involves the use of reactive species that contain azides or alkyne groups. This modification increases the stability of the compound, making it a useful tool for molecular biology and biochemistry research.</p>

<p>This gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) derivative is a modified cyclic oligosaccharide composed of eight glucose units, featuring a larger cavity size than α- and β-cyclodextrins. This structural characteristic allows γ-CDs to form inclusion complexes with a wider range of guest molecules, making it particularly versatile in various industries. In the food sector, it is used as a carrier and stabilizer for flavors, fat-soluble vitamins, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, protecting volatile compounds from evaporation. In pharmaceuticals, it enhances the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs and, thanks to its larger ring size, allows for the encapsulation of larger molecules or even entire drug molecules. γ-CDs and derivatives are also used for environmental remediation and, in analytical chemistry, for the extraction and concentration of target substances.</p>

<p>GD3 (shown as sodium salt) has a core disaccharide structure (Galβ1,4Glc) with two sialic acids linked α2,3/α2,8 to the non-reducing galactose residue and ceramide linked β to position 1 on the reducing terminal glucose residue (Ledeen, 2009). GD3 is a minor ganglioside in most normal tissues but plays a crucial role in the development of the brain; it is significantly reduced in adults. However, expression of GD3 is increased in pathological conditions, such as, cancers and neurodegenerative disorders (Malisan, 2002). GD3 was the first cancer-associated ganglioside discovered that promotes adhesion and invasion of cancers. GD3 and GD2 are highly expressed in a various malignant tumours and have become potential targets for next-generation cancer therapy (Liu, 2018).</p>

<p>One of the disaccharides produced during the acid reversion of D-mannose.  This mannobiose is the major repeating unit in the mannose chains of plant mannans, galacto- and gluco-mannans. It has been isolated from partial acid hydrolysates of ivory-nut (Phytelephas, macrocarpa) mannan, guaran (Cyamopsis sp.), palmyra palm (Borassus flabelliferer), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and lucerne (Medicago saliva) galactomannans.</p>

<p>Disaccharide is a carbohydrate with two simple sugars. It is soluble in water and has a density of 1.621 g/ml. Disaccharides are found in the tissues of many plants and animals, where they can be hydrolyzed by various enzymes to release monosaccharides. Disaccharides are also found in certain types of lichen and algae, where they are produced through photosynthesis. The most common disaccharides are sucrose, lactose, maltose, trehalose, and cellobiose. The simplest type of disaccharide is called a monosaccharide or sugar molecule. Monosaccarides have the same chemical formula but different physical forms that depend on their molecular mass (i.e., they may be a solid or liquid). Disaccharides can be classified as either sulfuric or organic solvent-soluble depending on whether they dissolve in sulfuric acid or an organic solvent such as ethanol or</p>

<p>Methyl 2,6-dideoxy-a-D-glucopyranoside is a custom synthesis of an oligosaccharide that is modified with fluorination. It is a saccharide, or carbohydrate, that has been methylated and glycosylated. The modification of this complex carbohydrate has been achieved through the use of the Click reaction. This product has been purified to high purity and is ready for use in research and development.</p>

<p>5-Deoxy-L-arabinose is a tetramethylurea derivative that has been synthesized for the treatment of hyperphenylalaninemia, an atypical form of phenylketonuria. It is an analog of 5-deoxy-l-ribose and can be used to generate molybdate from ammonium molybdate. This product also has antiviral activity and can be used to inhibit the growth of filamentous fungi, such as Verticillium dahliae. 5-Deoxy-L-arabinose can be used as a phase separator in chromatography. It is stereoselective and does not react with acid catalysts.</p>

<p>L-Xylonic acid-1,4-lactone is an enzyme that functions as a glycolytic enzyme. It catalyzes the conversion of D-xylose to L-xylonic acid and L-xylonic acid-1,4-lactone. This enzyme is expressed in leukemia HL60 cells and is activated by acidic conditions. L-Xylonic acid-1,4-lactone has been shown to be catabolized by the enzyme xylanase. The kinetic properties of this reaction have been studied using mass spectrometric techniques and biochemical methods. The rate of the reaction was found to be dependent on the presence of divalent cations (Mg2+ or Ca2+) or monovalent ions (Na+ or K+). L-Xylonic acid 1,4 lactone also catabolizes glucose with a similar rate constant.</p>

<p>Trans-zeatin-7-glucoside is an abscisic acid (ABA) metabolite that can be found in plant tissue. It is used as a natural product to regulate growth and development. Trans-zeatin-7-glucoside has been shown to inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellins, which are plant hormones that promote cell elongation. This compound is purified from plant tissues by chromatographic methods, such as reversed phase HPLC or ion exchange chromatography. The sample preparation involves extraction with a solvent such as methanol or chloroform followed by purification on an analytical column. Immunoaffinity chromatography is also used for sample preparation, which involves binding to antibody molecules on the surface of a solid support material. Trans-zeatin-7-glucoside can be detected using analytical methods such as gas chromatography or liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Trans-zeatin-7-</p>

<p>3,4-O-(1',1',3',3'-Tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxanediyl)-L-rhamnal is a synthetic sugar that is used as a building block for the synthesis of glycoproteins and other polymers. It can be methylated to give 3,4-O-(1',1',3',3'-tetramethyl-1,3-disiloxanediyl)-L-rhamnal, which is an inhibitor of protein glycosylation. 3,4-O-(1',1',3',3'-Tetraisopropyl-1,3-disiloxanediyl)-L-rhamnal has been fluorinated to give 3,4-O-(2'-fluoroethylidene) -L-rhamnal and used in Click chemistry reactions.</p>

<p>D-Erythrono-1.4-lactone is a carbohydrate that belongs to the group of oligosaccharides. It is a synthetic sugar with the CAS number 687-83-0. This carbohydrate is a monosaccharide with an oxygen atom in the alpha position, which has been fluorinated and methylated. The methylation on this sugar can be accomplished by either a glycosylation or click chemistry modification. This sugar can be used as an anti-tumor agent or as an adjuvant for chemotherapy treatments.</p>