Glycoscience

Glucose pentaacetate is a form of glucose that reacts with boron trifluoride etherate to produce anomers. This process can be used to synthesize the anomeric form of glucose, which is important for the biosynthesis of glycosides. Glucose pentaacetate has been shown to react with nitrate and trifluoride, forming conjugates with aluminum and chloride. The catalytic stereocontrol of this reaction allows for the production of disaccharides without hydrogen chloride or formylation.

Shortest chain oligosaccharide that can be classified as a maltodextrin. A component of liquid glucose (a commercial sweetener composed of glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetrose).

D-Glucose 6-phosphate, disodium salt is an antibiotic that is used to treat gram-negative bacterial infections. It binds to the bacterial ribosome and inhibits protein synthesis, which leads to cell death by inhibiting the production of proteins vital for cell division. This drug has been shown to be active against a wide range of bacteria, including resistant strains such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. D-Glucose 6-phosphate, disodium salt also has anti-inflammatory properties and can be used as an anti-bacterial agent in the treatment of typhoid fever.

4-Deoxy-D-glucose is a sugar that is synthesized by the condensation of two molecules of erythrose. It has been shown to be an efficient donor substrate for nucleophilic attack, which can lead to the synthesis of glycosides and other natural products. 4-Deoxy-D-glucose is also a competitive inhibitor of uridine diphosphate (UDP) glucose, which is an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of UDP sugars and glycoproteins. The concentration of 4-deoxy-D-glucose affects its catalytic mechanism, as it acts as a competitive inhibitor at high concentrations. Molecular modeling has revealed that this molecule adopts a chair conformation with significant solvent exposure.

3-O-Acetyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-a-D-galactofuranose is a synthetic modified oligosaccharide with a molecular weight of 591.3 g/mol. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of various bacterial strains in the lab and can be used as an antibiotic for bacterial infections. 3-O-Acetyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene galactofuranose is a monosaccharide composed of two acetyl groups and one isopropylidene group. Its glycosylation and methylation patterns are also known.

D-glucose 6-phosphate is an intermediate in the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway. It is formed by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase from D-glucose 1-phosphate and UTP. D-glucose 6-phosphate is also an important intermediate in glycolysis. The conversion of D-glucose 6-phosphate to glucose 1,6-bisphosphate occurs through a series of reactions catalyzed by enzymes that are sensitive to inhibition by magnesium ions. These reactions include the phosphofructokinase, hexokinase, and pyruvate kinase reactions. The accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate leads to increased levels of lactate production and decreased levels of ATP production. This may be due to its ability to inhibit monoamine reuptake, which would lead to decreased synthesis of dopamine and serotonin.

1,4-β-D-Glucosyl-D-mannobiose is a specialized carbohydrate substrate, which is derived from complex polysaccharides typically found in plant cell walls. It acts as a substrate for endo-1,4-β-mannanase, an enzyme that cleaves specific glycosidic bonds within mannans. This substrate facilitates the investigation of enzymatic activity by allowing the measurement of endo-1,4-β-mannanase efficiency and specificity under controlled conditions.In biochemical enzyme assays, 1,4-β-D-Glucosyl-D-mannobiose serves as a critical component for quantifying mannanase activity. It enables researchers to study the enzyme's role in various biological processes, including polysaccharide degradation. Additionally, this product is invaluable in in vitro diagnostic analyses where precise enzyme activity assessment is crucial for understanding pathological states or the functionality of industrial enzyme preparations. Its applications extend to biotechnology research, where it aids in the formulation of enzyme-based solutions and optimization of enzymatic reactions in diverse biological and industrial contexts.

Dyed and soluble azo-xyloglucan (tamarind) is used for the measurement of enzyme activity, research, biochemical enzyme assays and in vitro diagnostic analysis.  It is a soluble chromogenic substrate for the assaying of endo-cellulase.

2-Acetamido-1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranose is a fluorinated complex carbohydrate that has been modified by methylation and acetylation. This product is a custom synthesis that has not been previously described in the scientific literature. It is synthesized from 2, 3, 4, 6 tetraacetyl alpha D galactopyranoside and 2 deoxy alpha D galactopyranose. The chemical properties of this compound are similar to those of other complex carbohydrates such as glycogen and heparin.

D-Arabino-5-hexulosonic acid is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway. It is a component of the hexuronate, which is an important precursor for galactitol, 6-phosphate, and acid dehydrogenase. D-Arabino-5-hexulosonic acid is also an important intermediate in the glycolytic pathway for ATP production. The gene product has been shown to be involved in aerobic glycolysis, which is utilized by Staphylococcus aureus to produce energy from glucose fermentation. D-Arabino-5-hexulosonic acid plays a role in ion exchange and mitochondrial metabolism as well.

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D-Xylulose 5-phosphate sodium salt is a synthetic monosaccharide that can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and complex carbohydrates. It is also used in glycosylation reactions. D-Xylulose 5-phosphate sodium salt has been fluorinated to provide better stability and solubility. The compound has a molecular weight of 206.06 g/mol and a CAS number of 105931-44-0. This product is available for custom synthesis upon request.

Methyl D-arabinofuranoside is an antimycobacterial agent that inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids, which are important components of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methyl D-arabinofuranoside has been shown to be active against drug-resistant strains and has been well tolerated by animals. This compound can be synthesized from 2,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and arabinose in two steps. The first step involves a three-component condensation reaction with sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, and 2,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid. The second step is a nucleophilic attack on the pyran ring of methyl D-arabinofuranoside with hypophosphorous acid. Methyl D-arabinofuranoside can also be prepared by reacting sodium nitrosobenzene with sodium benzene sulfinate in alcoholic solution

1,5-α-L-Arabinohexaose is a carbohydrate. It is a nonreducing sugar that can be found in plants. 1,5-α-L-Arabinohexaose has an optimum pH of 5 and an ethanol concentration of 0.02%. The enzyme form of 1,5-α-L-Arabinohexaose is α-(1→6)-glycosidase. This enzyme hydrolyzes the α-(1→6) glycosidic bond between two glucose residues in a polysaccharide chain to produce β-(1→4) bonds. It also hydrolyzes the β-(1→4) glycosidic bond between two galactose residues to produce β-(1→2) bonds and oxidizes the terminal carbon atom to produce aldehyde products.
A structural analysis of this carbohydrate was conducted using marine microorganisms and it was found that they contain galacturonic acid and sugar residues

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D-ribulose-5-phosphate sodium is a nucleotide sugar that is one of the ribonucleotides, which are fundamental components of RNA. D-ribulose 5-phosphate sodium has been shown to be an intermediate in the metabolism of ribulose and catalyzes the oxidation of d-arabinose. This enzyme also catalyses the synthesis of fatty acids and participates in reactions involving glycerolipids and phospholipids. The reaction mechanism involves a double displacement with simultaneous attack by a water molecule on C2' and C3'. When deuterium is present, it affects the rate of these reactions in a way that depends on the orientation of the substrate to the enzyme.

α-6⁴-6³-Di-galactosyl-mannopentaose is a specialized oligosaccharide, which is a type of complex carbohydrate. This compound is derived from natural plant sources and its structure comprises a mannopentaose core linked with two galactose units. The mode of action involves specific interactions with gut microbiota, where it selectively enriches beneficial bacterial populations, such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. These interactions occur by serving as a fermentation substrate, promoting the growth of microbes that confer beneficial effects on host health.

3'-a-Sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine sodium salt is a high purity, custom synthesis sugar. It has been modified with fluorination, glycosylation, and methylation to provide the desired properties. This product is also available in other forms such as monosaccharide and saccharide. 3'-a-Sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine sodium salt can be used in various applications including Click modification, fluoroamination, glycosylation, carbonylation and methylation. CAS No. 350697-53-9

4-Glucopyranosylmannose is a disaccharide compound, which is a synthetic carbohydrate derived from the enzymatic or chemical glycosylation processes. It consists of glucose and mannose units linked through a glycosidic bond. The compound is sourced through advanced synthetic methodologies involving specific glycosyltransferases or chemical catalysts that facilitate the precise attachment of these sugar moieties.

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