Glycoscience

Immunomodulatory pentasaccharide; prebiotic

The conformation of the 2-[[2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-βDglucopyranosyl)-βDglucopyranosyl]oxy]ethyl]carbamic acid phenylmethyl ester molecule has been studied by X-ray crystallography. The molecule adopts a chair conformation with the two acetyl groups occupying equatorial positions. The molecule is planar with an angle of 110° between the NH and CO axes. The calculated electron diffraction pattern was in good agreement with the experimental data. The analysis yielded a set of independent amplitudes for each reflection that were analysed to give structure constants and electron distributions.

4,6-O-Isopropylidene-D-mannopyranose is a custom synthesis of a polysaccharide that has been modified with fluorination, methylation, and click modification. This product can be used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides or saccharides. It may also be used in glycosylation reactions to produce complex carbohydrates.

Allyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-a-D-glucopyranoside is a sugar that is used in the synthesis of glycosides. It can be synthesized by a click modification reaction that yields an allyl ether from an allylic alcohol. This product has been shown to react with bromine in the presence of UV light and produce a monobenzylated product, which can be used as a fluorescent probe for labeling saccharides. Allyl 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-a-D-glucopyranoside can also be modified with methyl groups or glycosidic bonds to form complex carbohydrates.

Versatile resource for organic synthesis, e.g. of the inhibitor swainsonine

Robinose is a flavonoid derivative that is used as a conditioning agent in animal health products. It has been shown to increase the efficacy of an antigen by enhancing the immune response. Robinose also has enzyme activities and has been shown to work synergistically with other flavonoids such as quercetin. In addition, it can be used as an analytical method for glycan structures. Robinose is typically produced from the hydrolysis of flavonol glycosides found in plants such as raspberries, blackberries, and blueberries. It can also be extracted from sugar beet molasses or sugar cane molasses.

Emodin 1-glucoside is a natural anthraquinone glycoside that is produced by plants and has been shown to have cytotoxic effects against human cells. Emodin 1-glucoside inhibits the function of enzymes, such as glycosidases, phosphatases, and proteases. This compound is activated by calcium ions and has been shown to disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential. Emodin 1-glucoside also inhibits sugar residues and has shown significant cytotoxicity against cultured human cells at higher concentrations. It may be used as a medicine for the treatment of inflammation or cancer.

Phenyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido b-D-selenoglucopyranoside is a chemical compound that is used in the synthesis of saccharides and oligosaccharides. It has been modified with the Click reaction to give it a reactive group. This modification can be used for glycosylation or for incorporation into polysaccharides such as starch. Phenyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy b -D selenoglucopyranoside is a high purity synthetic compound that is available in custom synthesis quantities.

N1-b-D-arabinopyranosylamino-guanidine HCl is a modified carbohydrate. It is a synthetic monosaccharide that is custom synthesized by methylation and glycosylation. This product has high purity and can be used for modification of saccharides or oligosaccharides to create new carbohydrates with desired properties.

4,6-Dichloro-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose (4,6DDG) is a chlorinated sugar that is used as a precursor for the synthesis of glycosides. It has been shown to react with cellulose to form 4,6-dichloro-4,6-dideoxycellulose. Chlorination of 4,6DDG at the hydroxyl group leads to the formation of 4,6-dichloro-4,6-dideoxyhydroxyl chloride (4,6DDH). The chlorination process can be done in two ways: nonreducing and reducing. The nonreducing chlorination process occurs by reacting 4,6DDG with chlorine and dimethylformamide. The reducing chlorination process occurs by reacting 4,6DDG with hydrogen chloride and sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride. An excess of hydrogen chloride

Non-reducing storage and transport sugar in woody plants; used as a sweetener

Maltol is a polyhydric alcohol that is a natural product of plants. Maltol glucoside is an oligomer of maltol that is formed by the glycosylation of maltol with glucose. This compound has been used as a diagnostic agent to detect lymphocyte transformation and bound form in viruses. It has also been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth, which may be due to its ability to interact with complex enzyme systems. Maltol glucoside has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in humans, which may be due to its inhibition of inflammatory enzymes such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (LOX).

Methyl 2-azido-2-deoxy-3-O-benzyl-6-O-benzoyl-a-D-glucopyranoside is a synthetic carbohydrate that can be used as a fluorescent probe. It has been used to study the glycosylation of proteins and saccharides, and also as an intermediate in the synthesis of oligosaccharides. The chemical structure of Methyl 2-azido-2-deoxy-3 -O -benzyl -6 -O -benzoyl -a -D -glucopyranoside is shown below:

Neo-inositol is a type of inositol that is not found naturally in the body, but can be synthesized. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and have a physiological effect on ovarian cells. Neo-inositol has also been shown to inhibit certain types of cancer cells by interfering with their ability to produce energy. Neo-inositol was also shown to increase levels of cytosolic Ca2+ in a model system, which may contribute to its cytotoxic effects.

Methyl a-L-fucopyranoside is a natural product that has been shown to have many biological effects, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria by binding to the ribosome, preventing protein synthesis and cell division. The compound has also been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in mice with inflammatory bowel disease. Methyl a-L-fucopyranoside inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon alfa-2b (IFNα2β), which is induced by IFNγ. This inhibition of IFNα2β activity may be due to methyl a-L-fucopyranoside's ability to bind to cytosolic calcium and inhibit its transport into the nucleus. Methyl a-L-fucopyranoside also blocks the production of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins or cathelicidins.

This beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative is a functionalized cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, characterized by a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity (bigger than α-CD and smaller than γ-CDs), which allows it to encapsulate various guest molecules. This structural feature facilitates its use in multiple applications, including pharmaceuticals, food enhancement, and cosmetics. In the pharmaceutical industry, it enhances the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs, improving their bioavailability and efficacy while also masking unpleasant tastes. The food sector utilizes it as a stabilizer for flavors, colors, and nutrients, extending shelf life by protecting sensitive ingredients from degradation. In cosmetics, it serves as a complexing agent for fragrances and active components, ensuring their stability and controlled release. Its use expands to many other fields, including nanotechnology for drug delivery systems, environmental remediation for extracting organic pollutants, textiles for slow-release fragrances, and analytical chemistry for chiral separation.

Intermediate degradation product of lyso-GM3