Antifungals

Applications Difluocortolone is used as a topical therapy in the treatment of pediatric tinea corporis; a common mycotic infection in children.
References Veraldi, S., et al.: J. Dermatol. Treat., 29, 200 (2018)

Applications Methyl 2-Cyano-2-oximinoacetate is an intermediate in synthesizing 2-Cyano-2-(methoxyimino)acetic Acid (C989423), which is a cyano-oxime derivative used as a fungicide.
References Tellier, F., et al.: Pestic Biochem Physiol., 78, 151-160 (2004)

Applications Cyrene is a novel bio-based green solvent used in polymerization reactions. Byproduct in the synthesis of levoglucosenone fungicidal agent.
References Sharipov, B. et al.: Chem. Hetero. Comp., 55, 31 (2019); Marino, T. et al.: J. Membrane Sci., 580, 224 (2019);

Applications Efinaconazole-N-oxide is a degradation product and potentially a metabolite of the anti-fungal drug Efinaconazole (E435070).
References Sugiura, K., et. al.: Antimicrob. Agents CH., 58, 3837 (2014);

Applications 5,6-Dehydromethysticin is a proposed intermediate in the synthesis of 3-Hydroxyhispidin (H943133), a derivative of Hispidin. Hispidin (H436450) is a naturally occuring precursor to fungal luciferin responsible for luminosity in mushrooms.
References Lee, Y. et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 31, 10 (1968); Purtov, K. et al.: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 54, 8124 (2014);

Applications (E)-Cyano(methoxyimino)-acetic Acid is a degradation product of Cymoxanil (C988995), which is a fungicide applied as a seed treatment or as a foliar application to the plants to control late blight.
References Morrica, P., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem. 52, 99 (2004); Dhingani, J. C., et al.: J. Pure. App. Microbiol., 6, 1683 (2012); Bakirici, G.T., et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 1901 (2012)

Applications (±)-α-Fenchol is found in essential oils from many plants. It has been studied for, insecticidal activity of essential oil from Helichrysum faradifani; antioxidant and antibacterial activity of essential oils from rhizome, leaf and stem of Etlingera sayapensis against growth of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.
References Benelli G., et al., Nat. Prod. Res., 32, 690-1698 (2018); Mahdavi B., et al., Asian. Pac. J. Trop. Med., 10, 819-826 (2017)

Applications Used in the synthesis of new 5-nitroimidazoles as potential antibacterial drugs via VNS procedure.
References Cudmore, S., et al.: Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 17, 783 (2004), Upcroft, J., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 50, 344 (2006),

Impurity Ipratropium EP Impurity C
Applications Tropic Acid (Ipratropium EP Impurity C) is a benzoic acid derivative and thus carries anti-fungal properties.
References Amborabe, B.E. et al.: Plant. Phys. Biochem., 40, 1051 (2002);

Impurity Bifonazole EP Impurity A
Applications [1,​1'-​Biphenyl]​-​4-​yl(phenyl)​methanol (Bifonazole EP Impurity A) is a Bifonazole (B383400), an anti-fungal agent used in the treatment of skin diseases. Causes an increase in Ca2+ concentration and triggers cell death in PC3 human prostate cancer cells.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Cheng, J. et al.: J. Recep. Sign. Transduct., 34, 493 (2014); Chen, Z. et al.: Mol. Pharm., 12, 590 (2015);

Applications Potassium Pentathionate Sesquihydrate is potassium salt of Pentathionic acid which is the fungicidal factor of sulfur..
References Young, H., et al.: Science, 67, 19 (1928)

Applications An Cysteine prodrug, protective aginst the fungal T-2 toxin. It is also a precursor to pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of cataracts.
References Shirota, F., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 43, 916 (1992), Wlodek, L., et al.: Int. J. Biochem., 25, 107 (1993), Rathbun, W., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 51, 1111 (1996),

Applications Bisabolol Oxide B is a metabolite of (-)-α-Bisabolol. In the metabolic pathway was used Glomerella Cingulata, a pathogenic fungus. Bisabolol Oxide A and B are in the composition of chamomile flower.
References Hoelzl, J., et al.: J. Biosci., 30, 853 (1975); Gibson, S.E., et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 1, 676 (2003);

Applications R406 is a potent Syk inhibitor which affects Dectin-1-mediated signalling in mammilian cells. R406 thus acts an anti-fungal agent. Also a potential anti-leukemia agent, through modulation of sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1).
References Borge, M. et al.: J. Immunol., 193, 3165 (2014); Kimura, Y. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 289, 31565 (2014);

Applications Alamethicin is a peptide antibiotic, produced by the fungus Trichoderma viride. Alamethicin contains the non-proteinogenic amino acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), which strongly induces helical peptide structures. In cell membranes, it forms voltage-dependent ion channels by aggregation of four to six molecules.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Afonin, S., et al.: Chembiochem., 4, 1151 (2003), Henriques, S., et al.: Biochem. J., 399, 1 (2006), Almeida, P., et al.: Biochemistry, 48, 8083 (2009), Heitz, F., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 157, 195 (2009),

Applications Rhein 8-Glucoside has been seen to exhibit cytotoxic and DNA-damaging properties towards tumor and normal human cells. In addition it has been shown to be an inhibitor of PTP1B (Human Protein Tyrosine Kinase 1B) in vitro. It is an analog of Rhein (R318500) which is found in the free state and as glucoside in Rheum spp, Polygonaceae (rhubarb) and in Senna leaves. It is a potential antioxidant resource: endophytic fungi from medicinal plants.
References Wanitschke, Pharmacology, 20, Suppl. 1, 21 (1980); Raimondi, L., et al.: Pharmacol. Res. Commun., 14, 103 (1982); Franchi-Micheli, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 35, 262 (1983); Li, S. et al.: J. Asian Nat. Prod. Res., 8, 281 (2006); Shi, Y.Q. et al.: Anticancer. Res., 21, 2847 (2001);

Applications 5-Amino-1-methyl-4-nitroimidazole is a moiety of Azathioprine (A803350); an immunosuppressive antimetabolite that is also active as a disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD).
References Mitrou, P.S., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 29, 483, 662 (1979); Ding, T.L., et al.: Drug. Metab. Dispos., 7, 373 (1979); Chan, G.L.C., et al.: Pharmacotherapy, 7, 165 (1987); Sandborn, W.J., et al.: Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 33, Suppl. 225, 92 (1998)

Fungicide