Steroids

<p>Coumestrol is a phytoestrogen compound, which is a naturally occurring compound found in a variety of plants, such as soybeans, clover, and alfalfa. It is derived from the metabolic processes within these plants. Coumestrol exhibits estrogenic activity, acting as an agonist for estrogen receptors. This biological activity enables coumestrol to mimic the action of endogenous estrogens, thereby influencing estrogen-responsive pathways.</p>

<p>Reduced form of lanosterone</p>

<p>Composed of Lanosterol (~65%), dihydrolanosterol, agnosterol,dihydroagnosterol.Extracted from wool.</p>

<p>7-Dehydrostigmasterol is a phytosterol, which is a type of steroid alcohol derived from plant sources, particularly within the metabolic pathway of various sterols. This compound acts as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of other phytosterols, functioning within key enzymatic conversion processes that are part of the larger sterol metabolic network.</p>

<p>2'-Hydroxyformononetin is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which is predominantly found in certain plants such as red clover and soy. It is a type of phytoestrogen, which exhibits estrogen-like activity due to its ability to bind estrogen receptors. The mode of action involves modulating estrogen receptor pathways, which in turn can affect various physiological processes related to hormone balance and cell proliferation.</p>

<p>Dioscin is a steroidal saponin, which is a naturally occurring compound found in various plants, notably in species such as Dioscorea nipponica and Dioscorea zingiberensis. These plants belong to the yam family, which are well-regarded for their medicinal properties. The mode of action of dioscin involves modulation of various biochemical pathways, including the suppression of inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, dioscin has been shown to promote apoptosis in cancer cells through the activation of caspases and disruption of mitochondrial function.</p>

<p>Withaferin A is a bioactive compound, which is a steroidal lactone with antiproliferative properties. It is derived from the medicinal plant *Withania somnifera*, commonly known as Ashwagandha. Withaferin A exerts its effects by modulating various signaling pathways, including the inhibition of NF-kB and induction of oxidative stress, which lead to apoptotic cell death in cancer cells and reduced inflammation.</p>

<p>Phytoestrogen with anti-cancer properties</p>

<p>Prednisolone is a synthetic corticosteroid, which is a derivative of the natural hormone cortisol. It is derived from the modification of the corticosteroid structure to enhance its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. The mode of action of prednisolone involves binding to glucocorticoid receptors, leading to the modulation of gene expression. This results in the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the inhibition of various immune responses.</p>

<p>Brassicasterol is a phytosterol, which is synthesized by various plant sources, particularly found in the seeds of plants such as rapeseed, mustard, and some algae. As a sterol, it is structurally similar to cholesterol but differs by having a methyl group at C24. This characteristic structure plays a vital role in its mode of action, modulating membrane fluidity and cell signaling pathways in organisms. In mammalian systems, brassicasterol may contribute to the reduction of cholesterol absorption by competing for incorporation into micelles, thus influencing metabolic pathways related to lipid processing and absorption.</p>

<p>Saponins are naturally occurring glycosides, which are compounds sourced primarily from various plant species, including legumes, herbs, and certain vegetables. These compounds are characterized by their unique structure, comprising a hydrophobic aglycone linked to hydrophilic sugar moieties. This dual nature endows saponins with surfactant-like properties, allowing them to interact with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules.</p>

<p>Polyphyllin D is a natural compound, which is a steroidal saponin extracted from the rhizome of Paris polyphylla, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. It exhibits significant biological activities and has garnered interest for its potential therapeutic applications. Polyphyllin D exerts its effects primarily through the disruption of cellular processes, including the induction of apoptosis, modulation of the cell cycle, and inhibition of angiogenesis. It achieves these actions by influencing multiple molecular pathways, such as the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and autophagy regulation.</p>

<p>Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione is a steroidal aromatase inhibitor, which is a synthetic compound derived from modifications of naturally occurring steroid structures. Its mode of action involves the inhibition of the aromatase enzyme. Aromatase catalyzes the conversion of androgens into estrogens, a critical step in the biosynthesis of estrogens. By inhibiting this enzyme, Androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione effectively reduces estrogen levels, which can be of particular interest in research environments exploring the role of estrogens in various biological processes.</p>

<p>DHED is a neuroactive steroid precursor, specifically a bioprecursor prodrug of estradiol, which is derived from chemical synthesis pathways. It is unique in its targeted mode of action, as it selectively converts to the active hormone estradiol within the brain via enzymatic processes that occur in situ. This specificity is facilitated by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, which catalyzes the conversion of DHED to estradiol exclusively in the brain, minimizing peripheral estrogenic effects.</p>

<p>Betamethasone 21-phosphate disodium is a synthetic glucocorticoid, which is a man-made analog of naturally occurring steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex. Its molecular structure allows for enhanced potency and solubility, making it highly effective for use in various clinical settings. As a glucocorticoid, Betamethasone 21-phosphate disodium functions by binding to glucocorticoid receptors, regulating the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins, and inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This mechanism of action reduces inflammation and suppresses the immune response, making it valuable in the treatment of conditions that involve excessive inflammation. It is commonly used in the management of conditions such as allergic reactions, certain types of arthritis, and skin diseases. Its ability to rapidly modulate inflammatory pathways also makes it useful in emergency settings for conditions like acute asthma exacerbations and severe allergic reactions. As a water-soluble ester, it allows for diverse administration routes, including oral, intravenous, and topical applications, depending on the clinical requirement.</p>

<p>Formononetin-7-O-gentiobioside is an isoflavonoid glycoside, which is a type of naturally occurring compound often found in plants, specifically in the Fabaceae family. This compound is primarily sourced from various legumes and has been studied for its potential bioactive properties due to its unique chemical structure. The mode of action of formononetin-7-O-gentiobioside involves its interaction with biological pathways, where it may exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or estrogen-like activities, similar to other isoflavonoids. These interactions are significant in modulating cellular pathways that can contribute to various physiological effects.</p>

<p>9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-trien-3beta-ol is a secosteroid compound, which is predominantly derived from the photochemical conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin upon exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. This compound undergoes a series of hepatic and renal hydroxylations to form active vitamin D metabolites, such as calcitriol. These active forms modulate calcium and phosphate homeostasis through a nuclear receptor-mediated mechanism that governs gene expression relevant to mineral metabolism.</p>

<p>Impurity Ethinylestradiol EP Impurity H<br>Applications A degradation product of Ethynyl Estradiol (EE), (E685100).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications 4,4,4-Trimethoxybutanoic Acid Methyl Ester is an substituent in the synthesis of Methyl Prednisolone (M325934).<br>References Ueno, H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34, 2468 (1991);<br></p>