Flavonoids

<p>3'-Prenylnaringenin is a potent phytoestrogen, a type of compound that is found in hops (Humulus lupulus), specifically in the female flowers or cones. This prenylflavonoid is particularly notable for its strong estrogenic activity attributed to its binding affinity to estrogen receptors. As such, it functions as an agonist, modulating estrogen receptor-mediated pathways and influencing gene expression related to estrogenic activity.</p>

<p>Baicalin 7-b-D-glucuronide is a flavonoid metabolite, which is primarily derived from the root of the plant *Scutellaria baicalensis*, commonly known as Chinese skullcap. This compound occurs as part of the extensive array of flavonoids in traditional medicinal plants used in various ethnic medicine systems.</p>

<p>Flavanone hydrazone (FH) is a natural compound that has been found to have antiviral activity against a number of viruses, including the papilloma virus and picornavirus. The antiviral activity of FH is due to its ability to inhibit the shikimate pathway, which is required for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids from chorismate. This inhibition prevents the production of viral proteins, leading to cell death. FH also has an inhibitory effect on hepatitis C virus and leukoplakia by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis. It may also be used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis.</p>

<p>Morusin is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound, which is derived primarily from the root bark of Morus alba, commonly known as the mulberry tree. This bioactive substance is known for its various chemical properties and its ability to modulate several biological pathways. The compound acts primarily through the inhibition of key signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which are involved in inflammation and cancer progression.</p>

<p>Quercetin 3,4'-diglucoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a compound naturally derived from various plant sources, including certain fruits and vegetables. This compound is known for its significant role as an antioxidant. It operates by scavenging free radicals, thereby mitigating oxidative stress at the cellular level. This mode of action makes it a compound of interest in studies related to inflammation, aging, and chronic diseases.</p>

<p>Kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside is a bioactive flavonoid glycoside, which is a naturally occurring compound found in a variety of plants. It serves as a significant molecule in the study of plant biochemistry and pharmacology. This compound is sourced from various plant species such as tea, broccoli, and other common vegetables and fruits, where it contributes to the plant's defense mechanisms against environmental stresses.</p>

<p>A cytotoxic biflavonoid from Toxicodendron succedaneum, Juniperus sp., and Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki).</p>

<p>Demethylretusin is a naturally occurring flavonoid, which is derived primarily from various plant sources, including soybeans and other legumes. It functions as a bioactive compound with the capability to modulate multiple biochemical pathways. The mode of action of Demethylretusin involves interacting with cellular receptors and enzymes, ultimately influencing cell signaling pathways and exhibiting antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and potential anticancer properties.</p>

<p>Quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is a specialized type of bioactive compound found predominantly in various plants. Structurally, it constitutes quercetin—a well-known flavonoid—conjugated with a glucose molecule, specifically at the 7th position of the quercetin structure. This compound is primarily sourced from fruits, vegetables, and various herbs.</p>

<p>Velutin is a natural flavonoid, which is derived from the leaves of certain plant species, specifically from the Asteraceae family. This compound demonstrates a unique mode of action by modulating various signaling pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. Velutin effectively inhibits the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to its anti-inflammatory properties.</p>

<p>6-Methoxyflavone is a flavonoid compound, which is a naturally occurring product found in certain plants. It is characterized by the presence of a methoxy group attached to the flavone backbone. This compound is typically extracted from plant sources such as citrus fruits and certain herbs that have a high content of polyphenolic compounds. Its mode of action involves modulating various biochemical pathways, including the inhibition of specific enzymes and interaction with cellular receptors, potentially affecting oxidative stress and inflammation pathways.</p>

<p>Isoflavone - 40% is a phytochemical compound, specifically classified as a type of polyphenolic plant-derived compound. It is sourced primarily from soybeans and other legumes, where it naturally occurs as part of the plant's secondary metabolites. The mode of action of isoflavones involves their ability to mimic estrogen. Due to their structural similarity to estrogen, isoflavones can bind to estrogen receptors and exert weak estrogenic effects, which are particularly relevant in humans and animals.</p>

<p>Inhibitor of HSP70 and HSP27 expression</p>

<p>Biochanin A is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which is derived from plants such as red clover and soy. This compound functions as a phytoestrogen, exerting its effects by modulating estrogen receptors, and showcases antioxidant capabilities through the scavenging of free radicals. As a result, Biochanin A holds significant interest for research in the modulation of hormonal pathways and in providing protection against oxidative stress.</p>

<p>5-Hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavanone is a naturally occurring flavanone, which is typically sourced from various plant species known for their bioactive compounds. This compound falls under the category of flavonoids and exhibits distinct structural features that contribute to its biochemical activities. The source plants for this flavanone are often part of traditional medicinal systems, owing to their rich profile of secondary metabolites.</p>

<p>(+)-Pinocembrin is a flavonoid compound, which is a naturally occurring phytochemical. It is predominantly sourced from propolis, a resinous substance produced by bees, and also found in various plants such as honey and ginger root. The mode of action of (+)-Pinocembrin involves its potent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. It acts by scavenging free radicals, thereby protecting cells from oxidative stress, and it also interferes with microbial cell membranes, leading to antimicrobial effects.</p>

<p>4'-Hydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone is a naturally occurring isoflavone, which is a type of phytoestrogen found in various plants. It is synthesized typically from plant sources and is part of a broader class of compounds known for their presence in legumes, especially soy and red clover. The mode of action of 4'-Hydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone is primarily through its interaction with estrogen receptors, where it can exhibit weak estrogenic activity. This attribute allows it to modulate estrogenic signaling pathways, influencing cellular processes related to growth and metabolism.</p>

<p>Naringenin-7-rutinoside is a flavonoid glycoside, which is naturally sourced from citrus fruits, such as grapefruits and oranges. This compound is characterized by its unique molecular structure where the flavonoid naringenin is bound to the disaccharide rutinose. The mode of action of naringenin-7-rutinoside primarily involves its antioxidant properties, which allow it to scavenge free radicals and reduce oxidative stress in biological systems.</p>

<p>Luteolin 7-diglucuronide is the major flavonoid isolated from Verbena officinalis and Aloysia triphylla.</p>

<p>6-Prenylpinocembrin is a prenylated flavonoid compound, which is derived from various natural sources, particularly plants such as those found in the Leguminosae family. This compound is characterized by the addition of a prenyl group to the flavonoid pinocembrin, enhancing its lipophilicity and potential biological activity.</p>