Backbone Sugars and Nucleobases

Impurity Aciclovir EP Impurity B
Applications Guanine is one of the five nucleobases incorporated into biological nucleic acids. Guanine, along with adenine and cytosine, is present in both DNA and RNA, whereas thymine is usually seen only in DNA, and uracil only in RNA. Aciclovir EP Impurity B.
References Geslain, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 284, 27760 (2009); Manini, P., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 190, 41 (2009); Gong, B., et al.: Biochem., 48, 11961 (2009); Sugimoto, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 374 (2010);

Applications 6-​Phenyl-​2-​thiouracil is a reagent used in the synthesis of antifungal agents.
References Gullapelli, K. et al.: Int. J. Pharm. Biol. Sci., 4, 59 (2014);

Applications A useful intermediate in the synthesis of 1-substituted adenines.
References Laufer, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 48, 710 (2005), Lambertucci, C., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 17, 2812 (2009),

Applications 6-Benzyl-2-thiouracil (cas# 6336-50-1) is a useful research chemical.

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Adenine Hemisulfate can be one of the factors that influence in vitro growth and shoot multiplication of pomegranate. It can be used in biological study along with varied levels of sucrose, light intensity, and MS medium hydrogen ion concentration where those factors can all significantly influence multiplication and growth of Punica granatum shoots.
References Singh, P., & Patel, R., M.: Bioscan, 9, 1031-1035 (2014)

Applications 1,3-Diethyl-6-aminouracil (cas# 41740-15-2) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications 6-​Methyl-​2-​thiouracil is a derivative of methylthiouracil (M330710), a competitive inhibitor of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS). Potential anti-inflammatory agent.
References Palumbo, A. et al.: Biochem. Bioph. Res. Co. 282, 793(2001), Ku, S. et al.: Toxicol. App. Pharmacol., 288, 374 (2015);

Applications 2'-Deoxy-N3-methyluridine (cas# 24514-32-7) is a useful research chemical.

Applications 6-Amino-5-1,3-dimethyl-5-(formamido)uracil is a substitued uracilic metabolite of methylxanthine and is also a metabolite of Theophylline (T343850). 6-Amino-5-1,3-dimethyl-5-(formamido)uracil has been used for the synthesis of 8-arylaminotheophyllines.
References Peri, G., et. al.: Toxicol. Lett., 18, 133 (1983); Celardo, A., et. al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Ph., 10, 279 (1985); Senga, K., et. al.: J. Heterocyclic Chem., 15, 641 (1978)

Applications 5,6-Dihydrothymine is a derivative of Thymine, a nucleobase in the nucleic acid of DNA . 5,6-Dihydrothymine is a radiolysis product of DNA.
References Hubbard, K. et al.: Biochemistry, 28, 4382 (1989); Cadet, J. et al.: Int. J. Rad. Biol. Rel. Stud. Phys. Chem. Med., 39, 119 (1981);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications 5-Hydroxymethyl-2’-deoxyuridine acts as a biomarker for the diagnosis for oxidative stress in humans. Used as a diagnostic to for propensitiy for the development of breast cancer.
References McAnulty, L. et al.: App. Physiol. Nutr. Metab., 36, 976 (2011); Djuric Z. et al.: Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev., 10, 147 (2001); Frenkel, K. et al.: 7, 49, (1998);

Applications 5,6-Dimethylthiouracil is a heterocyclic building block.

Applications 5-Hydroxymethyluracil (cas# 4433-40-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Stability Stable at RT
Applications An intermediate used for the sythesis of xanthine derivatives.
References Daly, J.W., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 28, 487 (1985), Erickson, R.H., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 34, 3405 (1991),

Applications An intermediate in the preparation of thymidine derivatives
References el Kouni, M., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 51, 1687 (1996),

Applications Protected guanine
References Tretyakova, N., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 20, 284 (2007), Rana, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 670 (2009),

Impurity Zidovudine EP Impurity C
Applications Thymine (Zidovudine EP Impurity C) is a nitrogenous base component in the nucleic acid of DNA.
References Keum, Y., et al.: App. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 80, 863 (2008); Redzic, Z., et al.: Neurochem. Res., 34, 566 (2009); Lanevskij, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 98, 122 (2009); Rajendar, B., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 17, 351 (2009);

Applications Nucleoside derivatives of 5-substituted uracil have been explored for their potential application as anti-viral agents and in the treatment of tumors.
References Ressner, E.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 19, 1, 194 (1976)

Applications Guanidinoacetic Acid is an important marker for renal failure, in kidney transplantation, and for the renal metabolic activity.
References Zugno, A., et al.: Neurochem. Res., 33, 1804 (2008), Debray, F., et al.: Neurol., 71, 44 (2008), da Silva, R., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 296, E256 (2009),

Applications 9-(2-Propenyl)adenine is an N-substituted purine used in the preparation of mesityl dihydroisoxazolyl homo-N-nucleosides.
References Thalassitis, A. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 6433 (2009); Chiacchio, U. et al.: Tetrahedron, 60, 441 (2004)

Applications N-Succinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide Ribose 5’-Phosphate is a metabolite of Purine. Since adenosine is a potent inhibitor of neuronal function, depressing the release of several excitatory transmitters and causing direct hyperpolarization of neurons, it was possible that the symptoms seen in adenylosuccinate lyase (ASase) deficient patients could reflect an interference of succinylpurines with neurotransmission.
References Gollub, E.G., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 78, 320 (1959), Srivastava, P.C., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 17, 1207 (1974),

Applications Reagent used in the preparation of Antithyroid agents.
References Toropov, A., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 45, 3581 (2010), Daniels, C., et al>.: J. Bacteriol., 192, 2169 (2010), Castillo-Garit, J., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 39, 30 (2010),

Applications N6-(2-Isopentenyl)adenine can be used in biological study for cytokinins stimulated expression of stress-related proteins and transcripts in Arabidopsis thaliana with isopentenyltransferase overexpression.
References Skalak, J., et al.: J. Exp. Bot., 67, 2861-2873 (2016)

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5-Ethyluracil is a nucleobase that is structurally similar to thymine. It inhibits the replication of human mitochondrial DNA and herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) by binding with the viral nucleic acid. 5-Ethyluracil has been shown to be an effective antiviral agent in clinical trials, where it was found to inhibit the replication of HSV-1 in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. 5-Ethyluracil has also been shown to have an inhibitory effect on mammalian cells and has been used for treatment of certain types of cancer. This drug's low energy makes it useful as a topical analgesic. The glycosidic bond makes this drug water soluble, which allows for its use as an antiseptic or disinfectant. 5-Ethyluracil is metabolized by hydrochloric acid, which produces urate, ammonia, and carbon dioxide. This drug can be

5-Hydroxymethyluridine is a nucleoside that is synthesized from uridine. It has shown to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and also has antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus. 5-Hydroxymethyluridine has been shown to have a high affinity for hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HIC) and can be used to purify glycosylases. This compound can also inhibit the formation of cancer cells by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of RNA polymerase II. 5-Hydroxymethyluridine has been found to demethylate DNA while maintaining its ability to bind with DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II. This process is catalyzed by glycosylases and hydroxylases that are found in the body.

8-Aminopurine is an aminopurine that is used as a research tool in magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The proton magnetic resonance spectrum of 8-aminopurine shows two characteristic peaks at 3.0 and 4.2 ppm, which are assigned to the aminopurine tautomers (3-HPA, 4-HPA). The kinetic stability of 8-aminopurine in water is pH dependent and has been shown to be strongly dependent on the presence of aldehyde oxidase (AO) activity. AO activity can be inhibited by the addition of dimethylformamide or other non-specific inhibitors such as 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid.

N9-Benzyladenine is a drug that regulates the activity of adenosine receptors. It is an endogenous substance found in plants and animals, but can also be synthesized chemically. N9-Benzyladenine has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, resulting in the accumulation of cyclic AMP and activation of adenylate cyclase. This leads to an increase in intracellular cAMP levels that is mediated by Gs protein coupled receptors. N9-Benzyladenine has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).

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