Lipids

<p>Applications (-)-Maackiain (CAS# 2035-15-6) is a useful research chemical compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol. Cholesterol oxidation product having cytotoxicity effects.<br>References Higley, N., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 983 (1984), Emanuel, H., et al.: J. Food Sci., 56, 843 (1991), Kilsdonk, E., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 505 (1995), Cantwell, H., et al.: Cell Biol. Toxicol., 14, 401 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) Sodium Salt is used to prepare polyethyleneglycol-modified liposomal doxorubicin for therapies against drug resistant tumors. It is also used in the PEGylated liposomal drug formulation of the anti-cancer agent oxaliplatin.<br>References Sugiyama, I., et al.: Int. J. Pharma., 441, 279 (2013); Franzen, U., et al.: Electrophor., 32, 738 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Glyceryl derivative.<br></p>

<p>Applications Isodeoxycholic Acid is used for comprehensive bile acid profiling in hereditary intrahepatic cholestasis.<br>References Liu, T., et al.: Liver Int. 38, 1676 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501). Cholesterol oxidation product having cytotoxicity effects.<br>References Higley, N., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 22, 983 (1984), Emanuel, H., et al.: J. Food Sci., 56, 843 (1991), Kilsdonk, E., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 36, 505 (1995), Cantwell, H., et al.: Cell Biol. Toxicol., 14, 401 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications A triterpenoid known for its anti-inflammatory properties, is commonly present in several medicinal plants. Inhibits secretory phospholipase A2.<br>References Andrikopoulos, N., et al.: J. Med. Food, 5, 1 (2002), Lanteri, S., et al.: Food Chem., 76, 501 (2002), Rodriguez-Rodriguez, R., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 155, 535 (2008), Sotiroudis, T., et al.: Eur. J. Nutr, 47, 69 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications 5β-Cholanic Acid-3α, 6β-Diol is a cholesterol derivative; Plasma lipophilic biomarkers in rats. Also, it is one of two major metabolites from the hydroxylation of hepatic lithocholic acid catalyzed by Cyp3a/Cyp3a11 enzymes in mice.<br>References Mayengbam, S., et al.: Eur. J. Nutr., 55, 1213-1223 (2016); Hrycay, E., et al.: Mol. Cell. Biochem., 389, 119-132 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Applications 7ß-Hydroxycholesterol-d7 is a standard used in the simultaneous measurement of F2-isoprostane, hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and hydroxycholesterols in plasma and liver of hepatitis patients.<br>References Yoshida, Yasukazu., Analytical Biochemistry, 379, 105-115, (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications A phytosterol found in canola oil, rapeseed oil, marine algae and shellfish. This compound has been shown to inhibit sterol Δ24-reductase, an enzyme involved in the mammalian cholesterol biosynthesis pathway.<br>References Bishop, G.J., et al.: Plant Cell Physiol. 42, 114, (2001), Fernandez, C., et al., Biochem. J. 366, 109 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications A predominant, rather hydrophobic natural ceramide. Activates a cytosolic serine/threonine protein phosphatase in T9 cells; induces EGF receptor phosphorylation in A-431 cells; stimulates ceramide-activated protein kinase.<br>References Shoyama, Y., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 19, 250 (1978), Mathias, S., et al.: Proc. Natl. Sci. USA, 88, 10009 (1991), Dobrowsky, R.T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 5048 (1992)<br></p>

<p>Applications (9Z,11E) Methyl Ester 9,11-Octadecadienoic Acid is a fatty acid methyl ester that can be found in olive leaves and in suet oil.<br>References Jiang, J., et al.:Int. J. Mol. Sci., 16, 2864 (2015); Xie, Pu., et al.: Linchan Huaxue Yu Gongye, 34, 97 (2014)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (3α,5β,7α)-7-Hydroxy-3-(sulfooxy)-cholan-24-oic Acid is the 3-monosulfate derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid (C291900), a major bile acid in many vertebrates, occurring as the N-glycine and/or N-taurine conjugate.<br>References Haslewood, E.S., et al.: Biochem. J., 155, 401 (1976); Parmentier, G., et al.: Steroids., 30, 583 (1977);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isovaleryl L-Carnitine Chloride is used to prepare carnitine benzyl esters as neuroprotectant prodrugs.<br>References Gong, X., et al.: J. Chem. Res., 6, 327 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications Dihydrolanosterol, is a derivative of Lanosterol (L174580). It is also one of cytochrome P 450 lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51), which is shown to have an important role in regulating meiosis and reproduction.<br>References Smiljanic, K., et. al.: Lipids, 48, 1069 (2013); Ma, L., et. al.: Food Chem., 139, 503 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Glycolithocholic Acid Sodium Salt is a bile salt and may induce calcium uptake in human erythrocytes.<br>References Oelberg, D.G., et al.: Hepatology, 7 245-52 (1987);<br></p>

<p>Applications (25R)-26-Hydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one is an oxygenated sterol which has many important biological activities. (25R)-26-Hydroxy-cholest-4-en-3-one has been used as a reactant for the synthesis of other sterols.<br>References Li, S., et. al.: Chem. Phys. Lipids, 99, 33 (1999); Khripach, V., et. al.: Steroids, 70, 551 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications 11-Hydroxylauric Acid is used as a substrate to determine the functional expression and characterization of cytochrome P450 52A21.<br>References Kuehnel, K., et al.: Adv. Synthesis. Cata., 349, 1451 (2007); Kim, D.H., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophy., 464, 213 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications 24(R/S)-Hydroxycholesterol-d7 is used in the study of biochemical methods for quantitative detection of steroids containing quantitative charge tags and oxidizing agents and using mass spectroscopy for detection.<br>References Groffoths, Williams., US 20150233953, (2015)<br></p>

<p>Applications It is a potent and selective human CYP2C19 inhibitor.<br>References Suzuki, H., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 30, 235 (2002), Robert, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 31, 343 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501).<br>References Marx, J., et al.: Science, 294, 508 (2001), Plosch, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 277, 33870 (2002), Lund, E., et al.: J .Biol. Chem., 278, 22980 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ursodeoxycholic Acid EP Impurity D<br>Applications Ursocholic Acid (Ursodeoxycholic Acid EP Impurity D) is an Ursodeoxycholic Acid (U850000) impurity.<br>References Ward, A., et al.: Drugs, 1984, 27, 95 (1984), Sama, C., et al.: Clin. Drug Invest., 13, 192 (1997), Nobilis, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 24, 937 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Polyunsaturaded fatty acid.<br></p>

<p>Applications 7-Keto Cholesterol is a metabolite of Cholesterol.<br>References Wang, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 43, 1010 (2004), Lemaire-Ewing, S., et al.: Cell Biol. Toxicol., 21, 97 (2005), Fuda, H., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 48, 1343 ( 2007), Sasaki, H., et al.: Metabolism, 56, 357 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ursodeoxycholic Acid EP Impurity A<br>Applications Chenodeoxycholic Acid (Ursodeoxycholic Acid EP Impurity A) is a major bile acid in many vertebrates, occurring as the N-glycine and/or N-taurine conjugate. With other bile acids, forms mixed micelles with lecithin in bile which solubilize cholesterol and thus facilitates its excretion. Facilitates fat absorption in the small intestine by micellar solubilization of fatty acids and monoglycerides. Anticholelithogenic. Epimeric with Ursodiol.<br>References Danzinger, et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 286, 1 (1972), Iser, J.H., et al.: Drugs, 21, 90 (1981), Tint, G.S., et al.: Gastroenterology, 91, 1007 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ursodeoxycholic Acid EP Impurity F<br>Applications Nutriacholic Acid (Ursodeoxycholic Acid EP Impurity F) is derivative of Lithocholic Acid (L469180), a cholic acid derivative as TGR5 modulator.<br>References Schneider, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 6, 637 (1996); Takamine, F., et al.: Microbiol. Immunol., 39, 11 (1995); Yamashita, H., et al.: Hepatol., 20, 663 (1994);<br></p>

<p>Applications 11-Dehydrocorticosterone is a precursor to corticosterone (C695700), converted by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) which plays a role in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance.<br>References Morgan, S. et al.: Diabetes, 58, 2506 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications β-Sitosteryl Ferulate is used for purification and identification of components of γ-oryzanol in rice bran oill<br>References Xu, Z., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 47, 2724 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Glycocholic-2,2,4,4-d4 Acid was an analyte found in serum bile acids. Potential application for diagnosis of pediatric liver and intestinal diseases in humans.<br>References Fu, X., et al.: Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 58, 787 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-Oxo-7α,12α-hydroxy-5β-cholanoic Acid is a keto bile acid derivative.<br>References Bortolini, O. et al.: Tetra., 62, 4482 (2006); Bortolini, O. et al.: J. Org. Chem., 67, 5802 (2002); Iguchi, Y. et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 34, 1 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine is used in the generation of micelles and liposomes.<br>References Høyrup, P., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1515, 133 (2001); Heberle, F., et al.: Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol., 3, 1 (2011)<br></p>

<p>Applications Plant sterol, used as a precursor in the synthesis of progesterone.<br>References Han, P., et al.: Biotechnol. App. Biochem., 54, 105 (2009), Matsunaga, I., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 393, 222 (2009), Huang, C., et al.: Plant Physiol., 150, 1192 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Glycerophospholipids act as regulators of various enzyme activities, and can be used as biological markers to indicate pathological states.<br>References Perides, G., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 262, 13742 (1987),<br></p>

<p>Applications (3β)-3,25-Dihydroxycholest-5-en-7-one is a useful synthetic intermediate in the synthesis of 3β,7α,25-Trihydroxycholest-5-ene (T795075); a potent agonist of GPR183 that induces specific activation of the receptor.<br>References Antunes, L., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents. Chemtherap., 55, 1494 (2011); Schwarz, M., et al.: J. Cin. Invest., 106, 1175 (2000); Zhang, J., et al.: BIochem. J., 322, 175 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Applications Ostreasterol is a marine steroid, and also a derivative compound of hydroxycholesterol (H918040), which functions as the main cholesterol elimination product of the brain and was found to be increased in serum of Alzheimer patients.<br>References Kolsch, H., et al.: J. Neural. Transm., 108, 475 (2001); Gamba, P., et al.: Aging. Cell., 10, 403 (2011); Seet, R.C.S., et al.: Free. Rad. Biol. Med., 48, 560 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications 14,15-Dehydro Triamcinolone Acetonide is a derivative of Triamcinolone acetonide. A corticosteroid.<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite in human hepatic bile. A lithocholic acid analog that inhibit sialyltransferase.<br>References Ishikawa, H., et al.: J. Lipid. Res., 40, 1920 (1999), Gustafsson, U., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 30, 1099 (2000), Gowda, G., et al.: Lipids, 41, 591 (2006), Lindon, J., et al.: Pharm. Res., 23, 1075 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of Calcitriol (C144500). The trans isomer of Calcitriol.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Myrtle, J.F., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 245, 1190 (1970), Lawson, D.E.M., et al.: Nature, 230, 228 (1971), Norman, A.W., et al.: Science, 173, 51 (1971), Suda, T., et al.: Vitamins, 45, 175 (1972), Muindi, J.R., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 72, 648 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Hydroxycholesterol and Hydroxysitosterol.<br>References Setchell, K., et al.: J. Clin. Invest., 102, 1690 (1998), Song, C., et al.: Endocrinology, 141, 4180 (2000), Bjorkhem, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 37004 (2001), Edwards, P., et al.: J. Lipid Res., 43, 2 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Cholesterol (C432501).<br>References Smith, L.L. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 100, 6206 (1978); Smith, L.L. &amp; Kulig, M.J.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 98, 1027 (1976); Fieser, L.F. &amp; Stevenson, R.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 76, 1728 (1954)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) is an analog of 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) (D525495) which forms lipid bilayers. In the high temperature phase, the conformation of the chains is liquid-like. In the low temperature phases, the chains are stiff and parallel and they interdigitate.<br>References Ranck, J., et al.: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism, 488, 432 (1977)<br></p>