Nucleotides

<p>L-Thymidine is an antiviral drug that is used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis. It has been shown to be active against a range of viruses, including HIV, HSV, and HBV. L-Thymidine can also be used to treat patients with cancer as an anti-cancer agent. L-Thymidine is a prodrug that is converted into thymidine triphosphate (TTP), which inhibits viral DNA polymerase by competitive inhibition. The antiviral activity of L-Thymidine may be due to its ability to inhibit the synthesis of viral proteins required for viral replication by interfering with the protein production process or by inhibiting the formation of dsDNA during reverse transcription.</p>

<p>9-(b-D-Arabinofuranosyl)isoguanine is a modified nucleoside that has antiviral activity. It is synthesized by substituting the 2'-hydroxyl group of deoxyribose with an arabinofuranose, which can be phosphorylated to form 9-(b-D-arabinofuranosyl)isoguanine 5'-monophosphate. This novel antiviral agent inhibits the synthesis of viral DNA and RNA, and is effective against a wide range of viruses in vitro. The drug was shown to have anticancer activities in animal models and has been patented for use as a chemotherapeutic agent against leukemia, lymphoma, and other cancers.</p>

<p>8-(Allyloxy)guanosine is a nucleoside analog. It is an antiviral and anticancer drug that inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme DNA polymerase. 8-AOG also inhibits the expression of genes involved in inflammatory responses, such as lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase 2, and 5-lipoxygenase. This compound has been shown to be effective against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus type 3, and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). 8-(Allyloxy)guanosine can be used to inhibit the tumor growth of human cancer cells in vitro.<br>8-(Allyloxy)guanosine has been shown to have a low toxicity to healthy cells in vitro and when administered in vivo.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine-5'-triphosphate tetralithium is a modified nucleoside analog where the base is cytosine, the sugar is deoxyribose with a fluoro modification at the 2' position, and the molecule is phosphorylated at the 5' position with a triphosphate group.</p>

<p>Antineoplastic prodrug</p>

<p>3'-O-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-N2-isobutyrylguanosine is a new antiviral nucleoside, which has been synthesized by reacting benzoyl chloride with 2'-deoxy-N2-isobutyrylguanosine monophosphate. It is also a novel DNA and RNA phosphoramidite monomer that can be used for the synthesis of oligonucleotides and oligoribonucleotides. 3'-O-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-N2-isobutyrylguanosine is an activator of HIV reverse transcriptase, which leads to inhibition of viral replication.</p>

<p>Adenosine-2'-monophosphate is a nucleotide that contains two adenine bases. It is an important precursor in the synthesis of ATP, which is the main source of energy for cells. Adenosine-2'-monophosphate has been shown to inhibit phosphatase and lysine residues, as well as GSH-Px activities in kidney cells, leading to increased glomerular filtration rate. It also activates microglia cells and induces oxidative injury in rat brain tissue. The kinetic data for this molecule suggests that it binds to the enzyme ternary complex formation with a neutral pH optimum.</p>

<p>S-adenosylmethionine is a compound that is naturally produced in the body and has been shown to be involved in many biochemical reactions. It can be found as a supplement at health food stores, but also is available as a prescription for the treatment of certain liver diseases such as hepatitis. S-adenosylmethionine may have some drug transporter function and can affect the metabolism of other drugs.</p>

<p>2'-Azido-2'-deoxycytidine is a nucleoside analog derived from cytidine, in which the 2'-hydroxyl group of the ribose is replaced by an azido group (–N₃), while the cytosine base and remaining sugar structure are preserved. This substitution imparts the molecule with bioorthogonal reactivity, enabling its use in chemical biology applications such as nucleic acid labeling via azide-alkyne "click" chemistry. The azido group also sterically and electronically alters sugar conformation and enzymatic recognition, which can affect its incorporation into DNA or RNA by polymerases. Consequently, 2'-azido-2'-deoxycytidine is a useful research tool.</p>

<p>Guanosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt is a nucleotide that is involved in energy metabolism and intracellular Ca2+ levels. It also has been shown to be an important regulator of guanine nucleotide-binding, enzyme activities, and receptor activity. This compound is a substrate for the polymerase chain reaction, which can be used to amplify DNA sequences. Guanosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacterial cells by binding to the antibiotic thiostrepton. The inhibition of bacterial growth is due to the prevention of antibiotic binding to bacterial ribosomes.</p>

<p>Adenosine is a nucleoside that interacts with adenosine receptors in the central nervous system. It is found in most body tissues and fluids, including blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid. Adenosine has been shown to inhibit uptake of glucose and other substances in the brain. The uptake of adenosine by neurons is inhibited by solute transport inhibitors such as nevirapine, which prevents the accumulation of toxic levels of adenosine during excitotoxic injury. Adenosine also has thermodynamic properties that promote its removal from solution by binding to water molecules and forming crystals or precipitates. This property may be useful in the treatment of cerebral edema following traumatic brain injury.</p>

<p>Acetyl-coenzyme A is an important intermediate in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is a cytosolic molecule that is synthesized from Acetyl-CoA and ATP. The Michaelis–Menten kinetics describe the relationship between the concentration of acetyl-coenzyme A and the rate of its consumption. Acetyl co-enzyme A is found in many different tissues, including plants, animals, and humans. It has an important role in regulating cellular growth and differentiation by activating various enzymes involved in metabolic pathways. Acetyl CoA can be acetylated to form acetyl CoA carboxylic acid (ACC) which then turns into malonyl CoA through a series of reactions. Malonyl CoA then enters the Krebs cycle as a key intermediate for generating energy from fatty acids.</p>

<p>N6-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroadenosine is an oligonucleotide that can be used to modulate the expression of survivin. It inhibits the expression of this protein by binding to its mRNA and preventing translation. N6-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroadenosine has shown potential for use in cancer treatment due to its ability to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. It may also be used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, where it can inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines.</p>

<p>5-Acetoxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (5-AOMUdR) is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. It is phosphorylated to 5-acetoxymethyl uridine monophosphate, which inhibits DNA polymerase by competitive inhibition. This compound has been shown to induce apoptosis in vitro and inhibit HIV replication in cells. 5-AOMUdR has also been shown to be an effective anti-viral agent against influenza A virus.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about 3'-O-Acetyl-2'-deoxyadenosine including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>Cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate monosodium salt is a nucleotide that is used in the synthesis of DNA and RNA. It has antiviral and anticancer properties. Cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate monosodium salt is a high purity, high quality nucleotide with strong activator properties. It is also an excellent substrate for DNA polymerases, which may be due to its ability to bind to the phosphate groups on the enzyme's active site. This product can be used as a phosphoramidite during DNA synthesis or as an antiviral agent that inhibits viral replication by inhibiting the formation of viral DNA.</p>

<p>N4-Acetyl-2'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-cytidine is a potent and selective inhibitor of the receptor tyrosine kinases Cck-A, which is overexpressed in certain tumour cells. N4-Acetyl-2'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-cytidine blocks the activation of Cck-A by endothelin, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of tumour cells. This compound also has affinity for other protein kinases including receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)s, which may be due to its tautomeric equilibrium.</p>

<p>N6-Benzoyl-2'-deoxy-5'-O-DMT-adenosine is a versatile nucleoside building block.</p>

<p>Anti-viral; reverse transcriptase inhibitor</p>

<p>N4-Acetyl-5'-O-DMT-2'-O-methylcytidine is a cytidine analogue that has been synthesized to be used as an enzyme-linked probe. It is labelled with biotin and can be detected by binding to an antibody which has been labelled with a fluorescent tag. Cytidine analogues are synthesized on a solid phase and then cleaved from the support material. The spacer arm is added to the 5' end of the nucleotide and the 3'-OH group is modified with 2'-O-methyl groups. N4-Acetyl-5'-O-DMT-2'-O-methylcytidine has been shown to be sensitive in techniques such as solid phase synthesis, nucleic acid research, and immunoassays.</p>

<p>Acadesine is a purine nucleoside analogue that inhibits the synthesis of ATP in cells. Acadesine blocks phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by inhibiting the activity of kinase-3, an enzyme involved in the production of ATP. Acadesine also inhibits the release of ATP from muscle cells into the blood stream and preferentially targets kidney cells, thereby reducing renal injury. Acadesine has been shown to be effective at reducing proteinuria and improving renal function in rats with acute kidney injury. Acadesine also has anti-inflammatory properties due to its ability to inhibit proteins that are involved in inflammation.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase, which is involved in the synthesis of DNA. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis in vivo. 2'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine has also been shown to inhibit tumor growth in animal models by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species and upregulating tumor suppressor genes, such as p53. This drug also has inhibitory effects on enzymes that are involved in cell proliferation, such as protein kinase C and tyrosine kinases. 2'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine is metabolized by water vapor, so it must be administered with a humidifier or nebulizer. 2'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine may cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.</p>

<p>5-Methylcytidine-5'-triphosphate sodium salt is a nucleoside diphosphate that is used as an activator in the synthesis of DNA. It is also used as a building block in the synthesis of anticancer agents, such as 5-methylcytosine monophosphate and phosphoramidites. The chemical name for this product is 5-methylcytidine-5'-triphosphate sodium salt and its CAS number is 327174-86-7. This product is available for purchase at Sigma Aldrich with a purity of 99%.</p>

<p>Used for energy storage and in nucleic acid metabolism</p>

<p>Abacavir is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor with anti-retroviral activity against HIV. Good oral bioavailability, high aqueous solubility and good cerebrospinal fluid penetrance. Synergistic with other nucleoside RT inhibitors such as AZT.</p>

<p>2-Amino-2'-deoxyadenosine is a modified nucleoside, closely related to adenosine in which the 2'-hydroxyl group is replaced by an amino group. This compound has potential research applications</p>

<p>Adenylyl-3'-5'-cytidine (3'-5'-CYT) is a postulated naturally occurring dinucleoside that has been shown to be involved in many metabolic processes. It has been found to interact with serum albumin, which may be related to the molecule's ability to bind with the ligand and form a complex. 3'-5'CYT can be synthesized from cytidine using an enzyme called adenosine deaminase. This process is known as deamination. The product of this reaction can either be uracil or thymine, depending on the enzyme used. 3'-5'CYT is also a component of recombinant human polypeptides that have been shown to have anti-cancer properties.</p>

<p>Ribavirin triphosphate is the biologically active metabolite of antiviral nucleoside analog ribavirin. In cells, the prodrug ribavirin gets triphosphorylated and in it inhibits viral RNA polymerases, interfering with the synthesis of newly formed RNA.</p>

<p>Please enquire for more information about p-Coumaryl-coenzyme A including the price, delivery time and more detailed product information at the technical inquiry form on this page</p>

<p>5'-Azido-5'-deoxyguanosine is an analog of guanosine that can be synthesized in a solid-phase reaction. It can also be enzymatically generated from 5'-azido-5'-deoxyadenosine. This molecule is reactive and has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of DNA synthesis in vivo assays. The use of 5'-azido-5'-deoxyguanosine has been explored as a potential treatment for leishmaniasis, a disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani.</p>

<p>N4-Benzoyl-5'-O-DMT-cytidine is a novel modified nucleoside that can be phosphorylated by T4 kinase to form 5'-O-DMT-N4-benzoyl cytidine, which is an antiviral agent. This active compound is also an activator of DNA polymerases and has anticancer properties. N4-Benzoyl-5'-O-DMT cytidine has been shown to inhibit the replication of HIV in human cells and inhibit tumor growth in animal models. It has been synthesized with high quality and high purity, and has been assigned CAS No. 81246-76-6.</p>

<p>A pyrimidine derivative, widely used for the induction of diabetes in experimental animals. It preferentially accumulates in pancreatic β cells in Langerhans islets via glucose transporter GLUT2. In the presence of intracellular thiols such as glutathione, it gets involved in a cyclic redox reaction with its reduction product, dialuric acid. This triggers the production of toxic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and directs the cells in necrosis. Alloxan also inhibits glucokinase, which regulates glucose-induced insulin secretion.</p>

<p>5-Carboxy-2'-deoxyuridine is a nucleoside analogue that inhibits herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) replication. It is used to treat genital herpes infections caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2. 5-Carboxy-2'-deoxyuridine has been shown to inhibit the growth of human cancer cells in culture, and is currently being investigated as a potential anticancer drug. This drug binds with high affinity to the viral DNA polymerase, forming a covalent bond with the uracil base in the viral DNA chain. This prevents further elongation of the chain, inhibiting viral replication. 5-Carboxy-2'-deoxyuridine also inhibits cellular protein synthesis and cell division, which may be due to its ability to bind with aldehyde groups on surfactant proteins.END&gt;</p>

<p>Adenosine-5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate) lithium salt is an inhibitor of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein that is reversibly inhibited by adenosine triphosphate. It has been shown to inhibit HIV infection by binding to the Ryanodine receptor and blocking the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores. This prevents the activation of caspases, which are enzymes that cause cell lysis. Adenosine-5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate) lithium salt also blocks transcription and polymerase chain reactions, and may inhibit the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptors on the cell surface.</p>

<p>N6-Benzyl-2-deoxyadenosine is a modified nucleotide that can be incorporated into DNA during replication. The compound has antiviral properties and can act as an activator for the transcription of genes involved in the immune response. It is synthesized by coupling two phosphate groups to adenosine monophosphate, which is then modified with a benzyl group. This modification prevents N6-benzyl-2-deoxyadenosine from being phosphorylated and degraded to adenosine monophosphate, resulting in a stable molecule that can be incorporated into DNA.</p>

<p>9-(2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoro-b-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine (9dFdA) is a potent inhibitor of the enzyme s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, which is involved in the synthesis of adenosine. 9dFdA inhibits the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis and has shown good activity against other pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It also has been shown to have potent inhibitory activity against adenosine deaminase, which prevents an immune response by preventing cells from producing the amino acid adenosine. This compound also inhibits uridine phosphorylase, which is involved in nucleotide biosynthesis.</p>

<p>3'-Amino-2',3'-dideoxycytidine's lack of a 3'-hydroxyl group makes it a chain terminator for DNA polymerase, a key application in Sanger sequencing. Additionally, the 3'-amino group serves as a functional handle for modifying the 3' end of oligonucleotides with various labels or conjugates, expanding their utility in research and diagnostics.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-diphosphate sodium salt is a nucleotide that is involved in the synthesis of DNA. It is a structural analog of adenosine-5'-diphosphate and can be used as an experimental tool to study metabolic disorders. 2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-diphosphate sodium salt binds to p2y receptors and blocks their activation, which inhibits cellular energy metabolism. This compound is structurally similar to adenosine-5'-triphosphate, but has been shown to inhibit the expansion of cells when heated, unlike adenosine-5'-triphosphate. 2'-Deoxyadenosine-5'-diphosphate sodium salt also inhibits cell proliferation in cancer cells and may have potential as a therapeutic agent for bowel disease.</p>

<p>N4-Acetyl-2'-O-methylcytidine is a chemical compound that is an analog of cytidine. It has been shown to have the ability to stabilize RNA molecules at high temperatures and has been used in the study of epigenetics and thermophilic organisms. N4-Acetyl-2'-O-methylcytidine is also known as AEMC. This compound can be used for reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, which separates compounds based on their size and shape. Furiosus is a strain of bacteria that contains this chemical compound in its genome. Furiosus was found to contain this compound in its DNA by using posttranscriptional modification techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).</p>

<p>3'-Fluoro-3'-deoxyuridine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits DNA synthesis and has been used to treat hepatitis.</p>

<p>Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate disodium salt is a nucleotide that is found in all cells and is involved in the regulation of many physiological processes, including energy metabolism and blood flow. It has inhibitory effects on platelets and calcium ion channels. Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate disodium salt also inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins by blocking the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, which leads to an anti-inflammatory effect. Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate disodium salt has been shown to be effective in treating primary pulmonary hypertension and bowel disease. The reaction solution can be used for polymerase chain reactions, multivariate logistic regression, or other applications.</p>

<p>2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine is a nucleoside analog with the potential as an Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus antiviral</p>

<p>5-Methoxyuridine is a nucleoside that is structurally related to uridine. It is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines and is also used as a precursor for other compounds. 5-Methoxyuridine has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis by binding to purine receptors and inhibiting the function of protein kinases. The x-ray crystal structures of 5-methoxyuridine bound to two different p2y receptors have been determined. The analytical chemistry of 5-methoxyuridine is based on UV absorption measurements, which are able to identify hydrogen bonds between the base and the sugar moiety. This drug has been investigated for its potential use in cancer therapy due to its ability to inhibit RNA synthesis, which can lead to cell death by incomplete replication or transcription. 5-Methoxyuridine inhibits messenger RNA (mRNA) production in bacteria by interfering with sequence recognition and binding sites within the ribosome and preventing</p>

<p>2'-Chloro-2'-deoxyuridine is a thymidine analog for research applications</p>

<p>2-Amino-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroadenosine is a modified nucleoside. Fluorination modifications can make molecules have increased resistance to enzymatic degradation, which has useful applications in drug development. The extra amino group could also enhance binding properties or alter biological activity.</p>

<p>3-N-Boc-5'-O-DMT-3'-O-nosylthymidine is an anticancer nucleoside that is used as a building block for the synthesis of other anticancer compounds. It can be synthesized by the reaction between 3,4,5′-trimethoxybenzoyl chloride and thymidine in the presence of DMAP and DIPEA. This compound has shown antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. 3-N-Boc-5'-O-DMT-3'-O-nosylthymidine can also be used as a precursor to synthesize novel nucleosides with different properties. This product is soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, benzene, ether or methanol.</p>

<p>2'-O-Allylcytidine is a synthetic nucleotide that contains an allylated amino function. It is synthesized by the regiospecific allylation of uridine and guanosine. 2'-O-Allylcytidine has been used in research studies for the synthesis of oligonucleotides with specific sequences and for high-yield production of synthons.</p>

<p>2'-Amino-2'-deoxyguanosine is a modified nucleoside, based on guanosine. The 2'-hydroxyl has been replaced by an amino group, which can form different hydrogen bonds compared to a hydroxyl or just a hydrogen, altering the way the sugar interacts in a DNA or RNA strand.</p>

<p>Tenofovir is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that exhibits anti-viral properties through its inhibition of reverse transcriptases. In particular, Tenofovir is a potent inhibitor of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) reverse transcriptases, thus preventing the replication of genetic viral material. This property is beneficial in virus research areas and developing antiviral treatments. Once inside the body tenofovir is metabolized into its active form, tenofovir diphosphate, by the lysosomal protease cathepsin A, nucleotide kinases and adenylate kinases. An oral prodrug, used in the treatment of HIV, is tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) hemifumerate and this has improved stability, greater antiviral activity and reduces the risk of side effects such as loss of kidney function. Furthermore, TAF is easily metabolized into tenofovir in the lymphocytes allowing increased drug accumulation in HIV cells.</p>

<p>7-Deaza-2'-deoxyinosine is a purine nucleoside analog that has been shown to be a hydrogen bond donor and formamide acceptor. This drug destabilizes duplex DNA by interfering with the formation of the hydrogen bonds between the bases, which may result in strand breakage. 7-Deaza-2'-deoxyinosine has also been shown to inhibit RNA polymerase activity, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis. It has been used as a tool for studying enzyme mechanisms and in solid phase synthesis.</p>