Anthraquinones and derivatives

<p>Pantoprazole sodium is a proton pump inhibitor that irreversibly blocks gastric acid secretion by bonding with H+/K+-ATPase.</p>

<p>NSC348884, a nucleophosmin inhibitor, disrupts oligomers, induces apoptosis, and inhibits cancer cell growth (IC50: 1.7-4.0 μM).</p>

<p>3-hydroxymorindone is a natural product from Morinda citrifolia. 3-hydroxymorindone is a pigment.</p>

<p>Physcion (Physcione) (Parietin) is an anthraquinone isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, acts as an inhibitor of 6-phosphogluconate</p>

<p>Anthraquinone (Anthradione)s are the main active constituents in herbs often used to relieve constipation.</p>

<p>Pantoprazole (BY1023) is a proton pump inhibitor used for short-term treatment of erosion and ulceration of the esophagus caused by gastroesophageal reflux</p>

<p>Idarubicin hydrochloride (Zavedos), a hydrochloride salt form of Idarubicin, is a DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) inhibitor for MCF-7 cells ( IC50: 3.3 ng/mL).</p>

<p>Idarubicin, a potent oral anthracycline, halts DNA/RNA replication and synthesis, damages DNA, and inhibits microbial growth.</p>

<p>Chrysoobtusin belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxyanthraquinones.</p>

<p>Chrysophanol (Turkey Rhubarb) is an EGFR/mTOR pathway inhibitor, which can be found in rhubarb, and sorrel.</p>

<p>Cibacron Blue 3G-A, an anthraquinone dye, inhibits R46β-lactamase (Ki: 1.2 uM).</p>

<p>Purpurin (Verantin), a MAO-A inhibitor (Ki: 0.422μM), has anti-angiogenic, antifungal, antibiotic, and antioxidative properties.</p>

<p>Bisacodyl (Fenilaxan) is a diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of constipation and for bowel evacuation.</p>

<p>Aloin (Aloin-A)(mixture of A&amp;B), a natural anthracycline from Aloe vera, is a tyrosinase inhibitor.</p>

<p>Applications 9,10-Anhydro-8-desacetyl-8-carboxy Daunorubicin is an impurity of Doxorubicin (D558000), an antineoplastic agent.<br></p>

<p>Impurity Diacerein Impurity C<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Found in the free state and as glucoside in Rheum spp, Polygonaceae (rhubarb) and in Senna leaves.A potential antioxidant resource: endophytic fungi from medicinal plants . Diacerein Impurity C<br>References Wanitschke, Pharmacology, 20, Suppl. 1, 21 (1980), Raimondi, L., et al.: Pharmacol. Res. Commun., 14, 103 (1982), Franchi-Micheli, S., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 35, 262 (1983),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications The glucuronide metabolite of Desacetyl Bisacodyl (D288670).<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 27, 1045 (1977), Bradshaw, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 13, 1355 (1995), Kudo,K., et al.: J. Anal. Toxocol., 22, 274 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite Daunorubicin in liver microsomes.<br>References Ogawa, Y., et al.: J. Antibiotics, 37, 44 (1984), Schwartz, H.S., et al.: Cancer Res., 44, 2480 (1984), Burke, T.G., et al.: Biochemistry, 24, 1768 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Bisacodyl USP Related Compound C<br>Applications Desacetyl Bisacodyl is an impurtiy in the preparation of Bisacodyl (B400800), cathartic.<br>References Schmidt, et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 3, 19 (1953), Wald, A., et al.: J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 36, 386 (2003); Metwally, F. et al.: J. AOAC. Int., 90, 113 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Bisacodyl EP Impurity A / SP Bisacodyl Related Compound A<br>Applications The active form of Bisacodyl. Cathartic.<br>References Roth, W., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch. Drug Res., 38, 570 (1988), Bradshaw, K., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 13, 1355 (1995), Wald, A., et al.: J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 36, 386 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is a Topoisomerase II (Top2) inhibitor with antineoplastic activity.</p>

<p>Applications Daunomycinone is the main metabolite of Daunorubicin (D194500).<br>References Hjelle, J.T., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap., 229, 372 (1984); Prikrylova, V., et al.: J. Antibiotics, 38, 1714 (1985)<br></p>

<p>Applications Cathartic.<br>References Schmidt, et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 3, 19 (1953), Wald, A., et al.: J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 36, 386 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Idarubicinol is the alcohol analog of Idrabucin (I167000), an orally active anthracycline; analog of Daunorubicin. Antineoplastic.<br>References Arcamone, F., et al.: Caner Treat. Rep., 60, 829 (1976), Zini, G., et al.: Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 16, 107 (1986), Gillies, H.C., et al.: Br.J. Clin. Pharmacol., 23, 303 (1987), Villani, F., et al.: Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol., 25, 13 (1989),<br></p>

<p>Bisoxatin (LA 271A) is an oral laxative that can be used to study contact laxatives for chronic constipation.</p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Daunorubicin. Used as an antineoplastic. Complexes with DNA. Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis.<br>References Mizuno, N.S., et al.: Cancer Res., 35, 1542 (1975), Munger, C., et al.: Cancer Res., 48, 2404 (1988), Kobayashi, Y., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 17639 ( 2000), Burke, B., et al.: Cardiovasc. Toxicol., 2, 41 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Daunomycinone is a chemical compound that belongs to the group of antitumor agents. It is used in cancer therapy and has been shown to inhibit protein synthesis, leading to cell death. Daunomycinone can be synthesized by reacting adriamycin with trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of an organic base. This reaction produces a daunomycinone molecule that has a hydroxyl group at one end and a carbonyl group at the other. The binding constants between daunomycinone and human serum proteins have been determined experimentally using molecular modeling techniques. Hydrogen bonding interactions are also present in this complex, which may account for its high affinity for proteins found in human serum.</p>

<p>Doxorubicin is an organic compound that belongs to the class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It is used as a cancer therapy, primarily in the treatment of breast cancer. The chemical sensing of impurities in doxorubicin can be done using phase transfer methods. The quantification of these impurities can be done using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC).</p>

<p>Daunorubicin metabolite</p>