Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates

<p>Neotame (HSDB 7965), a white dipeptide methyl ester, is a potent non-nutritive sweetener used in many foods.</p>

<p>D-(+)-Trehalose (Mycose) can inhibit the decomposition of collagen, so it can be used to improve osteoporosis.</p>

<p>Potassium oxonate (Potassium azaorotate) is a uricase inhibitor that prevents metabolism and excretion of uric acid and induces embryotoxicity and</p>

BMS309403 is a potent and selective inhibitor of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein aFABP.Cost-effective and quality-assured.

<p>Biotin-PEG3-azide is a PEG-based PROTAC linker can be used in PROTAC synthesis.</p>

<p>Addition of the Rhamnose (6-Deoxy-L-mannose)-rich polysaccharide, RROP-1, to normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) and human endothelial cells produced a dose</p>

1-Deoxynojirimycin (Moranoline) is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, suppressing postprandial blood glucose, thereby possibly preventing diabetes mellitus.

<p>Plerixafor octahydrochloride mobilizes HSCs by blocking SDF-1alpha/CXCR4 interaction, facilitating their release into circulation.</p>

<p>Kanosamine (3-Amino-3-deoxyglucose) is an antifungal agent produced by a Streptomyces sp.</p>

<p>CTPI-2 inhibits SLC25A1 (KD: 3.5 μM), glycolysis, PPARγ, GLUT4, has anti-tumor effects, and combats NASH and diet-induced obesity.</p>

<p>Voglibose (Glustat), an N-substituted derivative of valiolamine, exhibits excellent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidases and action against hyperglycemia</p>

<p>L-Xylose (L-(-)-Xylose), a Xylose levo-isomer, is classified as the aldopentose type monosaccharide.</p>

<p>Applications A monosaccharide (hexose) that can be used as a low-calorie sweetener, as an intermediate for synthesis of other optically active compounds, and as an additive in detergent, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulation.<br>References Oh, D. et al.: Appl. Microbiol. Biotech., 76, 76, 1 (2007); Lu, Y. et al.: Int. J. Cosm. Sci., 24, 225 (2002); Donner, T.W. et al.: Diab. Obes. Metab., 1, 285 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications An inhibitor of a-glucosidase 1 as well as being an inhibitor of HIV cytopathicity. N-Butyldeoxynojirimycin has recently been used to retard lipid storage in the central nervous system of an animal model of Tay-Sachs disease.1-Deoxynojirimycin derivatives as selective inhibitors of glucosylceramide metabolism in man.<br>References Hettkamp, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 142, 85 (1984), Szumilo, T., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 247, 261 (1986), Fleet, G.W.J., et al.: FEBS Letters, 237, Number 1,2, 128 (1988), Kolter, T., et al.: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 36, 1955 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications Biotin Sulfone, is derivative of Biotin (B389040), which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell, and plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications An alkylated dipeptide reported to be 6000 to 10000 times sweeter than sucrose; structurally related to Aspartame. A non-nutritive sweetener.<br>References Ranney, R., et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 2, 441 (1976), Padden, B.E., et al.: Anal. Chem., 71, 3325 (1999), Arai, H., et al.: Metabolism, 56, 115 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Rebaudioside C is a steviol glycoside used as a nutritive sweetener and may be used as a replacement for sugar in foods and beverages. Useful in the treatment of blood glucose sensitive diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity.<br>References Jooken, E. et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 60, 10606 (2012); Hellfritsch, C. et al.: J. Agr. Food. Chem., 60, 6782 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Sucralose-d6 is a useful isotopically labelled analog of sucralose with an isotopic purity of greater than 98% with no D0.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications L-Arabinitol is the stereoisomer of D-Arabinitol (A735600), both used as diagnostic tools for the detection of fungal infections in neutropenic patients.<br>References Salonen, J.H., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 20, 179 (2001); Sigmundsdottir, G. et al.: J. Clin. Microbiol., 38, 3039 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Isomalt is a sugar alcohol and artificial sweetener.<br>References Martinez-Cervera, S. et al.: Food Hydro., 35, 1 (2014); Ilic, I. et al.: Int. J. Pharm., 446, 6 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications An intermediate in the Maillard reaction of proteins with glucose, which is metabolised to 3-Deoxyfructose. An intermediate in the formation of pyrraline, which might contribute to a pathological effect, such as carcinogenesis.<br>References Kato, H. et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 51, 683 (1987), Hayase, F. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 264, 3758 (1989), Kato, H. et al.: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1035, 71 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,3-Diethyl ester 2-[3-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-hexahydro-2-oxo-1,3-bis(phenylmethyl)-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]propyl] Propanedioic acid is an impurity of Biotin (B389040) which is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Mannitol is widespread in plants and plant exudates; obtained from manna and seaweeds. D-Mannitol is used in the food industry as anticaking and free-flow agent, flavoring agent, lubricant and release agent, stabilizer and thickener and nutritive sweetener.<br>References Pigman, W., et al.: The Carbohydrates, 249 (1957), Makkee, M., et al.: Chem. Commun., 930 (1980),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A novel membrane-permeant allosteric effector of hemoglobin (Hb), enhances the regulated oxygen release capacity of red blood cells, thus counteracting the effects of hypoxia in diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular ailments.<br>References Duarte,C.D. et al.: Chembiochem., 11, 2543 (2010); Biolo, A. et al.: Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 106, 1926 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Plerixafor is a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilizer that inhibits the CXCR4 chemokine receptor and blocks binding of its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor-1-α (SDF-1-α). This agent was approved on Dec. 15, 2008, as treatment in combination with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize HSCs to the peripheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM). Selective CXCR4 antagonist.<br>References Xie, T., et al.: Science, 290, 328 (2000), Leone, D., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 305, 1150 (2003), Chigaev, A., et al.: J. Immunol. 178, 6828 (2007), Kiel, M., et al.: Cell Stem Cell, 1, 204 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications Thymidine-alpha,alpha,alpha,6-d4 (CAS# 347841-67-2) is a useful isotopically labeled research compound.<br></p>

<p>Applications N,N-Dimethyldecylamine is a useful synthetic intermediate. It can be used to prepare emodin (E523000) quaternary ammonium salt derivatives as potential anticancer agents It is also a reactant used to synthesize Benzyldecyldimethylammonium chloride (B234550), a biocide.<br>References Wang, W., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 56, 320 (2012); Qiu, B., et al.: Zhongguo Yaowu Huaxue Zazhi, 20, 353 (2010); Shao, J., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 56, 308 (2012); Lee, M., et al.: Appl. Micro. Biotech., 87, 1109 (2010)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-(2-Methoxyphenoxy) Lactic Acid is a metabolite of the Guaifenesin (G810500), a centrally acting muscle relaxant with expectorant properties.<br>References D.G. Workmann et. al. Curr. Ther. Res. 41 1751 (1980).<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Maltotriose is a trisaccharide resulting from the digestion of Amalose by α-Amalase.<br>References Carvalho, G., et al.: App. Biochem. Biotechnol., 155, 356 (2009), Huuskonen, A., et al.: App. Environ. Microbiol., 76, 1563 (2010), Chang, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 2908 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Impurity Erdosteine Impurity RV 142<br>Applications An intermediate in the synthesis of Erdosteine (E596050).Erdosteine is a mucolytic agent used for the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchitis.<br>References Gobetti, M., et al.: Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica, 41, 69 (1986),<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected Guaifenesin.<br>References Petrow, V., et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 12, 37 (1960),<br></p>

<p>Applications Valiolamine is a aminocyclitol that exhibits potent alpha-D-glucosidase inhibitory activity against porcine intestinal sucrase, maltase and isomaltase.<br>References Kameda, Y., et al.: J. Antibiot., 11, 1301 (1984); Horii, S., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 29, 1038 (1986);<br></p>

<p>Applications Tartaric Acid Methyl Ester is useful for developing stabilizers as additives in methanol-gasoline. In addition, Tartaric Acid Methyl Ester can be used to synthesize novel enantiopure γ/δ-amino acid via trans-acetalization.<br>References Jiang, X. and Tang, Y.: Asian J. Chem. 25, 8451 (2013); Guarna, A., et al.: Tetrahedron 58, 9865 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Glucono-1,4-lactone was a metabolite studied in mice tissue with induced chronic stress.<br>References Hamiliton, P. J., et al.: Sci. Rep., 10, 18134 (2020)<br></p>

<p>Applications Protected Citric Acid (C521000). Used in the preparation of siderophore derivatives.<br>References Fadeev, E. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 15, 3771 (2005); Guo, H. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 45, 2056 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Applications A low-calorie artificial sweetener<br>References Agresti, C., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 70, 226 (2008), Kidd, M., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 295, G260 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric Acid 1,2-Diethyl Ester is an ethyl citrate found in lemon juice.<br>References Neurath, G. et al.: Zeitsch. Lebens.-Untersuch. Forsch., 136, 284 (1968);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ligand used for the preparation of an affinity resin highly specific for glucosidase I purification. Glucosidase I is involved in the post-translational processing of N-linked glycoproteins.<br>References HettKamp, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 142, 85 (1984); Shailubhai, K., et al.: Biochem. J., 247, 555 (1987); Bause, E., et al.: FEBS, 278, 167 (1991)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Bromhexine EP Impurity E Chloride<br>Applications 3-Cyclohexyl-6,8-dibromo-3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolinium Chloride is an impurity of Bromhexine Hydrochloride (B678600). Bromhexine Hydrochloride impurity E Chloride. Bromhexine is an expectorant; mucolytic.<br>References Goicoechea, H., et al.: Talanta, 49, 793 (1999), Ribone, M., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 23, 591 (2000),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications Lactose-3’-sulfate (cas# 159358-51-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications cis-Aconitic Acid is the cis-isomer of Aconitic Acid. The conjugate base of cis-Aconitic Acid is an intermediate in the isomerization of citrate and isocitrate in the citric acid cycle.<br>References Suarez, M., et al.: Food. Nutri. Sci., 3, 705 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Biotin EP Impurity D<br>Applications Biotin (B389040) impurity. Biotin EP Impurity D.<br>References Trotter, J., et al.: Biochemistry, 5, 713 (1966), Suurkuusk, J., et al.: Eur. J.Biochem., 28, 438 (1972),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Sucrose Heptasulfate Potassium Salt is used as a reference standard for the drug Sucralfate.<br></p>

<p>Applications Propyl β-D-Glucuronide is a glucuronide of a short-chained aliphatic alcohol formed via glucuronidation in human liver microsomes in vitro.<br>References Jurowich, S. et al.: Alcohol, 32, 187 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Acarbose EP Impurity A<br>Applications Acarbose D-Fructose (Acarbose EP Impurity A) is an impurity of Acarbose (A123500) (1,2,3,4). Acarbose impurity A.<br>References (1) Kim, I., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 22108 (1992) (2) Tonozuka, T., et al.: Carbohydr. Res., 261, 157 (1994) (3) Brzozowski, A., et al.: Biochemistry, 36, 10837 (1997) (4) Cha, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 253, 251 (1998)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Used as a reference standard for the drug Sucralfate.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications cis-Ambroxol Hydrochloride is a cis isomer of Ambroxol Hydrochloride (A575900 ), a metabolite of Bromohexine. Ambroxol Hydrochloride is a bronchosecretolytic drug.<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch., 13, 474 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Ambroxol EP Impurity B Hydrochloride<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Ambroxol Cyclic Impurity is a metabolite as well as an impurity of the bronchosecretolytic drug, Ambroxol (A575900).<br>References Hammer, R. et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 28, 899 (1978); Nieder, M. et al.: HRC &amp; CC, 9, 561 (1986); Huq, F. et al.: J. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 3, 147 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Applications N-Butyldeoxynojirimycin Hydrochloride-d9 is labelled N-Butyldeoxynojirimycin Hydrochloride (B691000) which is an inhibitor of a-glucosidase 1 as well as being an inhibitor of HIV cytopathicity.<br>References Hettkamp, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 142, 85 (1984), Szumilo, T., et al.: Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 247, 261 (1986), Fleet, G.W.J., et al.: FEBS Letters, 237, Number 1,2, 128 (1988), Kolter, T., et al.: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 36, 1955 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric Acid Monohydrate is a useful buffer component for antigen and epitope unmasking.<br></p>

<p>Stability Store in Freezer<br>Applications 2’-Nitrophenyl 2,3,4-Tri-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (cas# 10256-24-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Useful for the synthesis of Biocytin containing peptides to study the mechanism of reactions catalyzed by biotin - containing enzymes.<br>References Bodanszky, M., and Fagan, D.T.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 99, 235 (1977)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Biotin EP Impurity A<br>Applications D-Biotin Dimer Acid (Biotin EP Impurity A) is an impurity of D-Biotin that can be used in the synthesis of D-Biotin.<br>References Hanka, L.J., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1, 135 (1972), Corey, E.J., et al.: Tetrahedon Lett., 29, 57 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Citric Acid-13C6 is an isotope labelled compound of citric acid (C521000). Citric acid is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent. Citric acid is also a metabolite of Dimethyl Fumarate (D464965), a compound used as a treatment for the relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis.<br>References Dawson, R.M., et al.: Data for Biochem. Rsch., (1959); Gruber, C. M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 94, 65 (1948); Lofty, W.A., et al.: Bioresource. Tech., 98, 3470 (2007); Schimrigk, S., et al.: Eur. J. Neurol., 13, 604 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications Lactulose is a synthetic, non-digestible sugar used in the treatment of chronic constipation; laxative.<br>References Voskuijl, W. et al.: Gut, 53, 1590 (2004);<br></p>

<p>Applications Carbocisteine is a mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders ranging from the influenza virus infection to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).<br>References Stevenson, G.B. et al.: Eur. Resp. J., 27, 865 (2006); Suer, E. et al.: J. Infect. Chemother., 14, 333 (2008); Yamaya, M. et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 299, L160 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications p-Nitrophenyl 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-α-_x000D_D-glucopyranoside (cas# 184377-56-8) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications A labelled metabolite of Bromohexine. Ambroxol Hydrochloride is a bronchosecretolytic drug.<br>References Jauch, R., et al.: Arzneim-Forsch., 13, 474 (1963)<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity found in fingolimod (F805000).<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Fucose was isolated from seaweed.<br>References Clark, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 54, 65 (1922),<br></p>

<p>Applications Biotin is a growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. Plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions. Occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides. The richest sources are liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. The biotin content of cancerous tumors is higher than that of normal tissue.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942); Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956); Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981); Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982); Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Applications Fructosazine is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.<br>References Yamaguchi, T., et al.: Biol. Pharm. Bull., 21, 205 (1998), Fenton, J., et al.: Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 8, 444 (2000), Shimamura, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food. Chem., 48, 1204 (2000)<br></p>

<p>Stability Air Sensitive, Hygroscopic<br>Applications The active metabolite of Erdosteine (E596050).<br>References Dechant, K., et al.: Drugs, 52, 875 (1996), Braga, P., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 49, 344 (1999), Braga, P., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 43, 1013 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications An Amadori compound having the potential to alter cellular adhesion, inhibit cancer metastasis and induce apoptosis.<br>References Horiuchi, T., et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 55, 333 (1991), Sosnovsky, G., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 82, 649 (1993), Glinsky, G., et al.: Cancer Res., 56, 5319 (1996),<br></p>

<p>Applications Lauramine Oxide, is an frequently-used amine oxide surfactant. It is strongly hydrophilic , and it forms normal micelles and normal liquid crystalline phases.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Kocherbitov, v., et al.: J. Molec. Struct.: Theochem., 808, 111 (2007); Kocherbitov, v., et al.: J. Phys. Chem. B., 110 (27), 13649 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Applications 6,6'-Iminobis[N,N,N-trimethyl-1-hexanaminium is an impurity of the pharmaceutical Welchol (Colesevelam).<br>References Schoftner, R., et al.: J. Chromatogr., 920, 333 (2001),<br></p>

<p>Applications Growth factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. Plays an indispensable role in numerous naturally occurring carboxylation reactions. Occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides. The richest sources are liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk. The biotin content of cancerous tumors is higher than that of normal tissue.<br>References du Vigneaud, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 146, 475 (1942), Traub, et al.: Nature, 178, 649 (1956), Siegel, H., et al.: Experienta, 37, 789 (1981), Vesely, D.L., Science, 216, 1329 (1982), Hugues, M., et al.: Biochemistry, 31, 12 (1992),<br></p>

<p>Applications A biotin derivative used in the novel enantioselective syntheses of (+)-Biotin.<br>References Robinson, A.E.., et al.: J. Pharma. Pharmacol., 16, 342 (1964),<br></p>