Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates

<p>Acarbose EP Impurity H is an impurity of acarbose, a drug product used in the treatment of type II diabetes. Acarbose is a natural product and its synthesis starts from a chemical called alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-[2,4,6-trichloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridine. Acarbose is metabolized by the liver to form Acarbose EP Impurity H. The metabolism studies of this impurity have shown that it has niche pharmacological properties. Acarbose EP Impurity H can be used as an analytical or API impurity for HPLC standard or as a synthetic intermediate for pharmaceutical research and development.</p>

<p>Methyl a-D-laminaribioside is a modified glycosylation product of D-Laminaribiose. It is an oligosaccharide that has been modified with methyl and fluorine groups. The modification of the sugars with these functional groups increases the stability and solubility of the molecule. Methyl a-D-laminaribioside is used in research for its ability to be click modified, polysaccharides, or saccharides, as well as being used in synthetic chemistry as a sugar to modify other molecules. Methyl a-D-laminaribioside is also used in medicine as an anti-inflammatory agent. Methyl a-D-laminaribioside can be synthesized by custom synthesis and has CAS number 7115-19-7.</p>

<p>Cassia gum is obtained from the ground purified endosperm of the seeds of Cassia tora and Cassia obtusifolia (Fam. Leguminosae) containing less than 0.05% of Cassia occidentalis. It consists mainly of high molecular weight (approximately 200,000-300,000) <br>The polysaccharide is composed of galactomannans with a mannose:galactose ratio of about 5:1. The seeds are dehusked and degermed by thermal and mechanical treatment followed by milling and screening of the endosperm. The ground endosperm is purified by extraction with isopropanol.  It is used as a thickener, emulsifier, foam stabilizer, moisture retention agent and texturizing agent in cheese, frozen dairy desserts and mixes, meat products and poultry products.</p>

<p>Acarbose EP Impurity G is a pharmaceutical grade impurity that is used as a reference standard for HPLC and LC-MS analysis. Acarbose EP Impurity G is a metabolite of acarbose and can be found in human plasma. It has been shown that Acarbose EP Impurity G induces the metabolism of glucose, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the activity of alpha-glucosidase. Acarbose EP Impurity G also inhibits the activity of pancreatic beta-cells, leading to impaired insulin secretion.</p>

<p>Pidotimod is an impurity in the drug product, which is a synthetic diketopiperazine-6-propanoic acid. Pidotimod is an impurity standard that is used in the development of drugs and as a pharmacopoeia. It has been shown to be metabolized by human liver microsomes and human erythrocytes.</p>

<p>Acarbose EP Impurity F is an analytical impurity that is found in Acarbose EP, a drug product. Acarbose EP Impurity F is a synthetic compound and is not present in any natural products. The CAS number for this impurity is 83116-09-0. Acarbose EP Impurity F has been shown to be pharmacologically active in animal studies, but the specific activity of this impurity has not been determined. Acarbose EP Impurity F is used as an impurity standard in HPLC analysis of Acarbose EP and as a custom synthesis. Acarbose EP Impurity F may also be used as a research and development phase, niche product or as a drug development research compound.</p>

<p>Trehalose 6-tetradecanoate is a custom synthesis of an oligosaccharide that is modified by methylation, glycosylation, and carbamylation. It is a polysaccharide that has been modified with click chemistry. Trehalose 6-tetradecanoate is a high purity product that can be used in the synthesis of other compounds.</p>

<p>Disialyl, monofucosyllacto-N-hexaose is a synthetic oligosaccharide also found in human milk</p>

<p>Heparin disaccharide I-H trisodium salt is a high purity, custom synthesis, methylated, glycosylated, fluorinated, complex carbohydrate with a CAS number of 136098-04-9. It has been modified by the addition of a saccharide group and can be used for research purposes.</p>

<p>2-(Acetylamino)-2-deoxy-3-O-β-D-glucopyranuronosyl-β-D-glucopyranose is an analog of atropine that has shown potential as an anticancer agent. It acts as a kinase inhibitor, specifically targeting protein kinases involved in cancer cell growth and survival. This compound has been found in Chinese urine and has been shown to induce apoptosis in human tumor cells. As a potent inhibitor of kinases, it may have potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of various types of cancer.</p>

<p>b-D-Gentiotriose is a synthetic fluorinated monosaccharide that is used in the synthesis of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. This product can be customized for glycosylation, methylation, or click modification. The purity level of this product is greater than 99%, making it suitable for use in pharmaceuticals, food additives, and other applications.</p>

<p>GalNAca1-3Galb1-3GalNAc</p>

<p>AMG 837 calcium hydrate is a potent GPR40 agonist with an EC50 of 13 nM.</p>

<p>Neolactotetraosylceramide (NT4) is a glycoconjugate that is found in human serum. It has been shown to bind to the receptor site of monoclonal antibodies and inhibit the binding of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which is involved in immune system regulation. NT4 has also been shown to block the activity of receptors on human neutrophils, which may be due to its structural similarity to lactotetraosylceramide. NT4 has been implicated as a potential cause for autoimmune diseases and cancer tissues, due to its structural similarity with glycoproteins that are found on cell surfaces. The optimum pH for NT4 is 7.5 and its glycan structure consists of two mannose residues linked by an alpha-1,6 linkage. This glycoconjugate binds well with blood group A and B antigens, but not with blood group O antigen. NT4 elicits antibody response</p>

<p>a-D-Galactosyl-mannotriose is a complex oligosaccharide, which is derived from plant materials such as leguminous seeds. Its mode of action involves selectively promoting the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, particularly bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, through its structural composition that resists hydrolysis by human digestive enzymes. This non-digestibility allows it to reach the colon intact, where it can exert its prebiotic effects.</p>

<p>α,β-Trehalose is a carbohydrate that is found in many organisms and has been shown to have biochemical properties such as energy metabolism, enzyme activities, and x-ray diffraction data. Trehalose has a phase transition temperature of around 98°C, which makes it an ideal sugar for food preservation. Trehalose can also be used as a sugar substitute with the same sweetness level as sucrose. The chemical stability of trehalose allows it to be used as a preservative in food and beverages. Trehalose has been shown to be nontoxic in animal studies with doses up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. It also has an optimum pH of 7 and is stable at high temperatures.</p>

<p>produced as the sodium salt</p>

<p>Neu5Ac(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GalNAc is a synthetic, fluorinated monosaccharide. It is an oligosaccharide that has been custom synthesized and glycosylated. It is a complex carbohydrate that has been modified with methylation and click chemistry. Neu5Ac(a2-6)Gal(b1-4)GalNAc has CAS number 383365-43-3. This product is available in high purity and can be used in the synthesis of polysaccharides.</p>

<p>b-D-Fructofuranosyl a-D-glucopyranoside 6-octanoate is a saccharide that is used as an intermediate for the synthesis of polysaccharides. This compound can be used to synthesize glycosylated oligosaccharides with high purity and good yields. It can also be used in the preparation of complex carbohydrates, including fluorinated sugar derivatives.</p>

<p>Xyloglucan is a heptasaccharide that is an important component of the plant cell wall. Xyloglucan heptasaccharides are found in the cell walls of many plants, including banana and potato. Xyloglucan heptasaccharides are composed of alternating glucose and xylose residues, with a glycosidic linkage between two xylose residues. This linkage can be hydrolyzed by α-amyrinase to yield two xylose monomers. The conformational properties of xyloglucan depend on its stereochemistry, which has been shown to affect its ability to inhibit inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Xyloglucan heptasaccharides have also been shown to bind to bacterial cells, inhibiting their growth.</p>