Benzimidazole and Imidazole Derivatives

<p>Oxybutynin EP impurity B is a metabolite of oxybutynin and is a natural product. It is used as an analytical reference substance, to develop new drugs, and in pharmacopoeia in order to measure the purity of oxybutynin. The compound is synthesized by chemical synthesis and can be used as a standard for HPLC analysis.</p>

<p>Impurity 65 is an impurity of Omeprazole, a drug used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer. Impurity 65 is a metabolite of Omeprazole that can be found in the drug product at a concentration up to 0.5%. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and can be used as a research and development standard for HPLC analysis. Impurity 65 is also used as an impurity standard in the USP pharmacopoeia and other pharmacopoeias around the world.</p>

<p>Donepezil benzyl bromide is a by-product of donepezil hydrochloride, which is an industrially important drug used to treat Alzheimer's disease. It has been shown to be more efficient than its hydrochloride form. Donepezil benzyl bromide is a crystalline substance that is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents such as acetone or ethanol. The compound can be purified through recrystallization from an appropriate solvent.</p>

<p>Dehydrodeoxy donepezil is an analytical standard that is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. It is a synthetic drug impurity, and its CAS number is 120013-45-8. Dehydrodeoxy donepezil can be found in the API impurity grade of various drugs, including those that are manufactured by Custom synthesis and natural synthesis. The pharmacopoeia states that dehydrodeoxy donepezil has a purity level of 98% or greater. This product can also be found as a metabolite in humans, with its half-life being approximately 40 minutes.</p>

<p>2-[(4-Chloro-3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)methylthio]-1H-benzimidazole is a drug product. It is an impurity standard for the analytical determination of 2-[(4-chloro-3-methylpyridin)-2yl]thiohydantoin in pharmaceuticals and other chemical products. This compound is also used as a research and development (R&amp;D) metabolite and impurity standard for the synthesis of 4-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)pyridine. The CAS number for this compound is 103312-62-5./END&gt;</p>

<p>Tiotropium Bromide EP Impurity G is an anticholinergic bronchodilator that is used in the treatment of asthma. Tiotropium Bromide EP Impurity G has been shown to have long-acting properties, with a half-life of about 20 hours. It has a high affinity for the muscarinic receptor and acts as a competitive antagonist at this site. Tiotropium Bromide EP Impurity G also has a cavity, which may be necessary for its activity.</p>

<p>Desdifluoromethoxy hydroxy pantoprazole is a synthetic compound that is used as an impurity standard for the drug product Pantoprazole. It has a purity of ≥98% and is stable under ambient conditions. Desdifluoromethoxy hydroxy pantoprazole is not active on its own, but it is a metabolite of pantoprazole. It can be used to study the metabolism of pantoprazole.</p>

<p>2-Methoxy-5-methyL-N,N-bis(1-methyLethyl)-gamma-phenyLbenzenepropanamine fumarate (DMXBPC) is an analgesic that has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of the cytosolic phospholipase A2 and is also cytotoxic. DMXBPC has significant cholinergic activity and can inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in the prostate gland. DMXBPC binds to the pyridine ring of DOPA and inhibits its conversion to dopamine. The enantiomers of DMXBPC have different effects on inhibition of phospholipase A2, with the (+) form being more potent than the (-) form. This is due to the fact that (+)DMXBPC binds more tightly to the enzyme than (-)DMXBPC does.</p>

<p>Lamotrigine is a chemically unrelated compound, which is the active ingredient of a new class of adjuvant drugs for epilepsy. This drug has been found to be effective against seizures in patients with partial seizures and generalized seizures. Lamotrigine is an orally administered suspensoid that can be mixed with water or other liquids to form a suspension. It has been used as a flavouring agent and an adjuvant in pharmaceuticals, including tablets and capsules. The chemical structure of lamotrigine includes two 2,3-dichlorophenyl groups connected by an amino group (guanidinoimino). This structure gives lamotrigine its chemical name: 2-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2-(guanidinoimino) acetonitrile.</p>

<p>Carbamazepine is a drug that has been used to treat epileptic seizures and trigeminal neuralgia. Impurities in the drug are removed by using chromatographic methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The rotarod test is an animal model of motor coordination and balance that can be used to assess the effects of drugs on these functions. Carbamazepine impurities may cause depression and have an epileptic effect on animals. Chronic exposure to carbamazepine can lead to drug reactions and gene polymorphisms, which may alter the metabolism of the drug. Analytical methods for determining carbamazepine impurities include HPLC, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC).</p>

<p>Lansoprazole impurity H is a metabolite of lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor that inhibits the production of stomach acid. Lansoprazole impurity H is used in research and development as an analytical standard to measure lansoprazole concentrations in drug products. It is also used as an impurity standard for pharmacopoeia purposes. Lansoprazole impurity H is not known to be toxic, but it has not been evaluated for carcinogenicity or reproductive toxicity.</p>

<p>1-[[3-Methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]-2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]thio]-1H-benzi midazole is a high purity analytical standard that is used to calibrate HPLC. It is found as an impurity in the drug product and as a metabolite. 1-[(3-Methyl-4-(2,2,2 -trifluoroethoxy) - 2 - pyridinyl) methyl] - 2 - [[[3 - methyl (4 ( 2 , 2 , 2 - trifluoroethoxy) - 2 pyridinyl) methyl] thio] - 1 H benzimidazole is the IUPAC name for this compound. This chemical has been synthesized</p>

<p>(R)-1-Phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline is a chiral molecule with four stereocenters. It is synthesized by the reaction of sulfamic acid and cyclohexene in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid. The product formed is then dehydrogenated to produce (R)-1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline. This compound is soluble in organic solvents such as benzene and ethane and can be used as an acceptor for chiral stationary phases.</p>

<p>4-Methyl-2-[3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-1-phenylpropyl]phenol is a synthetic impurity standard that is used in the synthesis of drug products. This compound is also known as 4-methyl-2-[3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-1-phenylpropyl]phenol and has a CAS number of 480432-14-2. It is used to verify the purity of drugs and drug products. 4MMPP can be found in pharmacopoeia, drug development, and metabolite studies. This compound is a research and development product for niche markets. 4MMPP can be obtained through custom synthesis or by synthesis.</p>

<p>The human red blood cell (RBC) is a non-nucleated cell in the human blood that carries oxygen to the body's cells. The erythrocyte is characterized by its biconcave shape and its lack of organelles. It has a volume of about 80 fL, and a diameter of about 7 micrometers. The RBCs are produced in bone marrow from precursor cells that differentiate into erythroid progenitor cells. This drug binds to the hemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells and alters their shape, causing an increase in their deformability. In addition, this drug decreases the viscosity of the plasma outside of the red blood cell, which increases its extravascular sensitivity. Evaluations have been performed on low doses to evaluate sensitivities within capillaries with microscopy parameters such as magnification and resolution. These evaluations have shown that this drug can be used for quantifying changes in capillary size due to low doses (</p>

<p>(4R)-1-(4-O-b-D-Galactopyranosyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-2-pyrrolidinone is a synthetic, impurity standard and research and development compound. (4R)-1-(4-O-b-D-Galactopyranosyl-b-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-(2-methylpropyl)-2pyrrolidinone is used as an analytical reference in the synthesis of other compounds. It is also used in drug development for the treatment of tuberculosis. This product has a high purity level and is pharmacopoeia grade.</p>

<p>2-[[(4-Chloro-3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole (CAS No. 168167-42-8) is a synthetic compound that is used as an analytical reference standard for HPLC. It is also used in the study of drug metabolism, and it has been shown to induce natural oxidation in vitro. 2-[(4-Chloro-3-methylpyridinium)methylsulfinyl]-1Hbenzimidazole is an impurity found in pharmaceutical products that are synthesized from 1-(2,4,6trichlorophenyl)-3-[(4chloromethyl)phenyl]urea.</p>

<p>Pantoprazole sulfone N-oxide is a prodrug that is converted to the active form pantoprazole in the stomach where it inhibits gastric acid secretion. Pantoprazole sulfone N-oxide has been shown to be genotoxic, and can cause polyvinyl chloride to degrade when stored together. Reconstituted solution of this drug should be used within 24 hours after reconstitution, as the chemical stability of this drug decreases rapidly. Validation studies have been conducted on different analytical methods for determining pantoprazole concentrations in reconstituted solutions, and these methods have been harmonized with those published by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). The pump inhibitor activity of pantoprazole sulfone N-oxide has been demonstrated in dogs, and it is also useful for treating acid reflux disease in humans. Pantoprazole sulfone N-oxide is unstable at high temperatures (&gt;25°C), so should not be refrigerated or</p>

<p>2,12-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-8-methoxy-12-thioxobenzo [4,5] pyrido [1,2-c] imidazo [1,2-a] imidazol-2-one is a metabolite of the drug 2-[2-(4,5,-dihydroimidazo[1,2a]imidazol -2(3H)-yl)ethoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide. It can be used as an impurity standard for the manufacture of drugs and as a research chemical.</p>

<p>Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that inhibits the gastric acid secretion by blocking the hydrogen/potassium ATPase enzyme in the stomach. Pantoprazole N-oxide, a prodrug of pantoprazole, is converted to pantoprazole after administration and has been shown to be more stable than pantoprazole. It has been shown to have tissue-specific effects, with high concentrations found in gastrointestinal tissues such as the abomasum, ileum, and colon. Pantoprazole N-oxide is also found in plasma samples at low levels. This drug may be useful for ulceration because it prevents heartburn caused by excess stomach acid.</p>