Benzimidazole and Imidazole Derivatives

<p>Carbamazepine is a drug that has been used to treat epileptic seizures and trigeminal neuralgia. Impurities in the drug are removed by using chromatographic methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The rotarod test is an animal model of motor coordination and balance that can be used to assess the effects of drugs on these functions. Carbamazepine impurities may cause depression and have an epileptic effect on animals. Chronic exposure to carbamazepine can lead to drug reactions and gene polymorphisms, which may alter the metabolism of the drug. Analytical methods for determining carbamazepine impurities include HPLC, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC).</p>

<p>Pantoprazole sulfone N-oxide is a prodrug that is converted to the active form pantoprazole in the stomach where it inhibits gastric acid secretion. Pantoprazole sulfone N-oxide has been shown to be genotoxic, and can cause polyvinyl chloride to degrade when stored together. Reconstituted solution of this drug should be used within 24 hours after reconstitution, as the chemical stability of this drug decreases rapidly. Validation studies have been conducted on different analytical methods for determining pantoprazole concentrations in reconstituted solutions, and these methods have been harmonized with those published by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). The pump inhibitor activity of pantoprazole sulfone N-oxide has been demonstrated in dogs, and it is also useful for treating acid reflux disease in humans. Pantoprazole sulfone N-oxide is unstable at high temperatures (&gt;25°C), so should not be refrigerated or</p>

<p>Lactose conjugate degradation product of pregabalin</p>

<p>Dehydrodeoxy donepezil is an analytical standard that is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. It is a synthetic drug impurity, and its CAS number is 120013-45-8. Dehydrodeoxy donepezil can be found in the API impurity grade of various drugs, including those that are manufactured by Custom synthesis and natural synthesis. The pharmacopoeia states that dehydrodeoxy donepezil has a purity level of 98% or greater. This product can also be found as a metabolite in humans, with its half-life being approximately 40 minutes.</p>

<p>1-[[3-Methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]-2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]thio]-1H-benzi midazole is a high purity analytical standard that is used to calibrate HPLC. It is found as an impurity in the drug product and as a metabolite. 1-[(3-Methyl-4-(2,2,2 -trifluoroethoxy) - 2 - pyridinyl) methyl] - 2 - [[[3 - methyl (4 ( 2 , 2 , 2 - trifluoroethoxy) - 2 pyridinyl) methyl] thio] - 1 H benzimidazole is the IUPAC name for this compound. This chemical has been synthesized</p>

<p>2,12-Dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-8-methoxy-12-thioxobenzo [4,5] pyrido [1,2-c] imidazo [1,2-a] imidazol-2-one is a metabolite of the drug 2-[2-(4,5,-dihydroimidazo[1,2a]imidazol -2(3H)-yl)ethoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide. It can be used as an impurity standard for the manufacture of drugs and as a research chemical.</p>

<p>Solifenacin Impurity D is a synthetic impurity of solifenacin. Solifenacin is an anti-cholinergic drug used to treat overactive bladder and urinary incontinence. The purity of this product is 99%. It is soluble in methanol, ethanol, chloroform, and acetone. Solifenacin Impurity D can be used as a reference material for analytical purposes or as an impurity standard in the development of new drugs.</p>

<p>Solifenacin N-oxide is an anti-cholinergic agent that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of overactive bladder. Solifenacin N-oxide is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed in vivo to solifenacin, its active form. The compound reversibly binds to muscarinic receptors and inhibits the release of acetylcholine. Solifenacin N-oxide has been shown to have low levels of impurities and is highly soluble in water. It was also found to be stable when stored at room temperature for two months. This drug has a high flow rate and moderate retention time, which makes it suitable for reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). RPLC is a chromatographic technique that separates compounds by size, hydrophobicity, or charge.</p>

<p>Lansoprazole impurity H is a metabolite of lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor that inhibits the production of stomach acid. Lansoprazole impurity H is used in research and development as an analytical standard to measure lansoprazole concentrations in drug products. It is also used as an impurity standard for pharmacopoeia purposes. Lansoprazole impurity H is not known to be toxic, but it has not been evaluated for carcinogenicity or reproductive toxicity.</p>

<p>1-Phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline is a synthetic compound which has been used as a lead compound for the development of drugs with dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitory activity. In vitro studies have shown that 1-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline inhibits human serum dopamine β-hydroxylase and can be used to study the possible role of this enzyme in Parkinson's disease. This drug is racemized in the body and has been found to be effective against Parkinson's disease in rats. It is also an enantiomer that has industrial applications for the production of polyurethane foam insulation coatings.</p>

<p>4-Methyl-2-[3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-1-phenylpropyl]phenol is a synthetic impurity standard that is used in the synthesis of drug products. This compound is also known as 4-methyl-2-[3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]-1-phenylpropyl]phenol and has a CAS number of 480432-14-2. It is used to verify the purity of drugs and drug products. 4MMPP can be found in pharmacopoeia, drug development, and metabolite studies. This compound is a research and development product for niche markets. 4MMPP can be obtained through custom synthesis or by synthesis.</p>

<p>Solifenacin impurity C is an impurity that is found in the drug product Solifenacin. It has been shown to be a natural metabolite and has been detected in human urine. Solifenacin impurity C is used as an analytical standard for HPLC analyses of solifenacin, and can also be used as a reference material for pharmacopoeia. The purity of this compound is 99%.</p>

<p>1-[[4-(3-Methoxypropoxy)-3-methyl-2-pyridinyl]methyl]-2-[(4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)methylsulfonyl]-1H-benzimidazole (MKC1807) is a synthetic drug product. MKC1807 is an analytical standard in the HPLC assay for the determination of Epiandrosterone sulfate and its metabolites. 1-[4-(3-Methoxypropoxy)-3,5,6,7,8 -pentamethylcyclohexyl]methyl 2-[(4-(3 -methoxypropoxy) 3,5,6,7,8 -pentamethylcyclohexyl)methylsulfonyl]-1H benzimidazole has been shown to be a natural metabolite of Epiandrosterone sulfate. This compound</p>

<p>Amino albendazole sulfone is an anthelmintic drug that is used to treat worm infestations in animals. It is the active metabolite of fenbendazole sulfone and has a terminal half-life of 12 hours in humans. Amino albendazole sulfone can be prepared by chromatographic methods, such as liquid chromatography or gas chromatography, and it can be analyzed with a fluorescence detector. This drug has been shown to have a concentration–time curve following administration to rats and results in an increase in the number of worms eliminated from the body.</p>

<p>2-[[(4-Chloro-3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole (CAS No. 168167-42-8) is a synthetic compound that is used as an analytical reference standard for HPLC. It is also used in the study of drug metabolism, and it has been shown to induce natural oxidation in vitro. 2-[(4-Chloro-3-methylpyridinium)methylsulfinyl]-1Hbenzimidazole is an impurity found in pharmaceutical products that are synthesized from 1-(2,4,6trichlorophenyl)-3-[(4chloromethyl)phenyl]urea.</p>

<p>Oxybutynin impurity C is a metabolite of the drug product Oxybutynin (CAS No. 1199574-70-3). It is an analytical standard for HPLC, and a natural impurity in the synthesis of Oxybutynin. This is a synthetic compound that has been shown to be metabolized through oxidation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, reduction by glutathione reductase, or conjugation with glucuronic acid. Oxybutynin impurity C has been used as an analytical reference material for drug development and research and development.</p>

<p>Desdifluoromethoxy hydroxy pantoprazole is a synthetic compound that is used as an impurity standard for the drug product Pantoprazole. It has a purity of ≥98% and is stable under ambient conditions. Desdifluoromethoxy hydroxy pantoprazole is not active on its own, but it is a metabolite of pantoprazole. It can be used to study the metabolism of pantoprazole.</p>

<p>Scopine-2,2-dithienyl glycolate is a catalyst that belongs to the class of dithienyl glycolates. Scopine-2,2-dithienyl glycolate is used in the pharmaceutical industry as an average catalyst for reactions and can be used to recover dimethylbenzene. The method of detection for scopine-2,2-dithienyl glycolate is based on its ability to absorb light at a wavelength of 360 nm. The reaction solution must be monitored carefully during the synthetic process because it has been shown that it can react with water or air and form hydrogen sulfide gas. If this happens, the reaction solution will become cloudy or turbid. This product is a white crystalline solid that appears as tiny needles and has a melting point of 173 degrees Celsius (340 degrees Fahrenheit).</p>

<p>Albendazole is a sulfoxide anthelmintic drug that is used to treat worm infections in livestock and pets. Albendazole inhibits the synthesis of the parasitic cell membrane, which disrupts the integrity of the cell and leads to death. The analytical method for measuring albendazole includes extraction with hexane followed by analysis using gas chromatography. In humans, albendazole may be used to treat cancer, especially when it occurs in cavities or fatty tissues. It can also be used as a treatment for certain types of parasitic infections, such as toxoplasmosis, amebiasis, and cysticercosis. Albendazole is absorbed well after oral administration and plasma concentrations are proportional to dosage levels. The most common side effects are nausea and headache.</p>

<p>Lamotrigine is a chemically unrelated compound, which is the active ingredient of a new class of adjuvant drugs for epilepsy. This drug has been found to be effective against seizures in patients with partial seizures and generalized seizures. Lamotrigine is an orally administered suspensoid that can be mixed with water or other liquids to form a suspension. It has been used as a flavouring agent and an adjuvant in pharmaceuticals, including tablets and capsules. The chemical structure of lamotrigine includes two 2,3-dichlorophenyl groups connected by an amino group (guanidinoimino). This structure gives lamotrigine its chemical name: 2-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2-(guanidinoimino) acetonitrile.</p>