Purines and Pyrimidine Derivatives

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Pemetrexed L-Glutamic acid is an impurity of Pemetrexed (P219500). Pemetrexed impurity D.<br></p>

<p>Applications D-Alanine Isopropyl Ester Hydrochloride is a chiral reagent used in the synthesis of nucleotide prodrugs such as (PSI-7977) for the treatment of hepatitis C. Also used in the preparation of synthetic sweeteners.<br>References Sofia, M. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 53, 7202 (2010); Mazur, R. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 16, 1284 (1973);<br></p>

<p>Applications (+)-9-deMe-DTBZ is a desmethyl derivative of Tetrabenzine (T284000), a dopamine depleting agent. An antidyskinetic; antipsychotic.<br>References Schwartz, et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 15, 645 (1966), Janovic, J., et al.: Ann. Neurol., 11, 41 (1982), Janovic, J., et al.: Neurology, 38, 391 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Caffeine-D10 is the labeled compound of Caffeine(C080100). Caffeine (Pentoxifylline EP Impurity F) is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a stimulant drug and a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (1,2,3). Caffeine is found in varying quantities in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants. In humans, caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. Caffeine is a cardiac and respiratory stimulant; diuretic. Caffeine is toxic at sufficiently high doses. Caffeine is a non-competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (3).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zubair, U.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 71 (1986); Cherrah, Y., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 37, 1311 (1988);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications 1-Methyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (cas# 17750-23-1) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Valbenzine is a highly selective vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of tardive dykinesia.<br>References O'Brien, C. et al.: Movement Dis., 30, 1681 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications [[(1R)-2-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-methylethoxy]methyl]monophenylester is an antiviral agent and a Tenofovir (T018500) intermediate. Tenofovir is an acyclic phosphonate nucleotide analogue and reverse transcriptase inhibitor, used as an anti-HIV agent.<br>References Shaw, J.-P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997); Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005); Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006); Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Febuxostat (F229000), a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of Xanthin Oxidase.<br>References Grabowski, B., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 51, 189 (2011); Osada, Y., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 241, 183 (1993); Okamoto, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 1848 (2003); Mayer, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Therap., 12, 22 (2005); Tomlinson, B., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 6, 1168 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Chloro-6-amino-9-(2’,3’,5’-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)purine (cas# 79999-39-6) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Very Moisture sensitive<br>Applications Chloroformic Acid Chloromethyl Ester is used as a reagent in the synthesis of carbamates and carbonates.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Safadi, M. et al.: Pharm. Res. 10, 1350 (1993); Loren, J.C. et al.: Synlett, 18, 2847 (2005);<br></p>

<p>Applications Caffeine citrate (Cafcit) is a citrate salt of Caffeine, sometimes used in medical treatment, including short-term treatment of apnea of prematurity (lack of breathing in premature infants). Caffeine citrate functions in much the same capacity as does caffeine, but takes effect more quickly; its speed of dissociation is faster than that of Caffeine. Caffeine citrate is typically only used to treat severe migraines.<br>References Zubair, U.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 71 (1986); Cherrah, Y., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 37, 1311 (1988); Grillon, C., et al.: Clin. Neurophysiol., 114, 1557 (2003); Duangdao, D., et al.: Behav. Brain Res., 205, 1 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications 6-Oxo-(S,S)-Palonosetron is an impurity of (S,S)-Palonosetron (P165800), a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Antiemetic.<br>References Clark, R.D., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 2645 (1993), Wong, E.H.F., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 114, 851 (1995), Grunberg, S.M., et al.: Expert. Opin. Pharmacother., 4, 2297 (2003), Eisenberg, P., et al.: Ann. Oncol., 15, 330 (2004), Siddiqui, M.A.A., et al.: Drugs, 64, 1125 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Hydroxyurea. An anti-neoplastic - inhibits ribonucleoside reductase and DNA replication. A potential therapy for sickle cell anemia which involves the nitrosylation of sickle cell hemoglobin. Horseradish peroxidase catalyzes nitric oxide formation from hydroxyurea in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.<br>References Ratcliffe, W., et al.: Lancet, 339, 164 (1992), Roodman, G., et al.: Cancer, 80, 1557 (1997), Horwitz, M., et al.: J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 2003, 88, 1603 (2003),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Bromoethyl Acetate is a 1-haloalkyl ester that is used in the modification of antibiotics.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zakrzewski, J. et al.: Pol. J. Chem. Technol., 8, 83 (2006); Kamachi, H. et al.: J. Antibiot., 41, 1602 (1988);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Proguanil USP Related Compound E (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyanoguanidine)<br>Applications Halo-aryl substituted guanidine derivative used in the preparation of antimalarial agents. Proguanil USP Related Compound E (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyanoguanidine).<br>References Warner, V. et al.: J. Pharmac. Sci., 66, 418 (1977); Das, A. et al.: Ind. Drugs, 20, 19 (1980);<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tenofovir Dimer is a dimer of Tenofovir (T018500). Tenofovir is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Used as an anti-HIV agent.<br>References Shaw, J.-P., et al.: Pharm. Res., 14, 1824 (1997), Wyles, D., et al.: Clin Infect. Dis., 40, 174 (2005), Peng, J., et al.: J. Clin. Pharmacol., 46, 265 (2006), Seminari, E., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 60, 831 (2007),<br></p>

<p>Applications: Labelled Almotriptan (A575200). Almotriptan is a serotonin 5HT1B /1D-receptor agonist used for treatment of migraine.<br>References Fleishaker, J.C., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 67, 498 (2000), Kamali, F., et al.: Curr. Opin. Cent. Peripher. Nerv. Syst. Invest. Drugs, 2, 197 (2000), Dodick, D.W., et al.: Expert Opin.Pharmacother., 4, 1157 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications Pemetrexed Disodium Heptahydrate is an chemotherapy drug for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma and non-small cell lung cancer. Pemetrexed Disodium Heptahydrate exhibit inhibitory activities towards thymidylate synthase as well as other folate dependent enzymes.<br>References Vogelzang, N.J., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 21,2636 (2003); Paz-Ares, L., et al.: Lancet. Oncol., 13, 247 (2012);<br></p>