Purines and Pyrimidine Derivatives

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Used in conjunction with Isothiocyanate to conduct partial Edman Degradation on biologically active peptides.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Heidenreich, O., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 269, 2131 (1994), Kothe, U., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 356, 148 (2006), Thakkar, A., et al.: Anal. Chem., 78, 5935 (2006),<br></p>

<p>Applications Methotrexate α-tert-Butyl Ester is an intermediate to the synthesis of folic acid antagonist Methotrexate (M260675) used in the study of membrane-associated folate transporters from L1210 cells.<br>References Yoshii, T., et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136, 16635 (2014);<br></p>

<p>Applications A selective A1-adenosine receptor agonist. Induces apoptosis.<br>References Evans, et al.: Neurosci. Lett., 83, 287 (1987), Szondy, Z.: Biochem. J., 304, 877 (1994)<br></p>

<p>Applications 3-Descyano Febuxostat is an impurity of Febuxostat (F229000), a xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor. Used for treatment of hyperuricemia and chronic gout. 40-120 mg/day febuxostat was proven effective in lowering serum urate levels when administered to manage hyperuricemia in patients with gout.<br>References Kadivar, M.H., et. al.: J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Anal., 56, 749 (2011); Vallu, V., et. al.: Anal. Chem. Indian J., 14, 339 (2014); Osada, Y., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 241, 183 (1993); Okamoto, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 1848 (2003); Mayer, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Therap., 12, 22 (2005); Tomlinson, B., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 6, 1168 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Stability Volatile<br>Applications Acetal is a flavouring component of Baiju and Rum. It is also a useful reactant in organic synthesis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Franitza, Laura, et al.: J. of Agric. and Food Chem., 64(47), 9041-9053 (2016);<br></p>

<p>Applications An immunosuppressive drug used to treat leukemia. It is also used for pediatric non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, polycythemia vera, and psoriatic arthritis.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zeng, H., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 68, 911 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Tenofovir Monohydrate is an HIV-1 RT inhibitor and antiretroviral drug.<br>References Zhao, Z., et al.: Method for preparing medical salts and/or derivatives of tenofovir disoproxil, and their application for preventing and/or treating HBV and HIV/AIDS infections, CN 101574356 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Fluoroadenosine is a fluorinated analog of Adenoside (A280400) nucleotide.<br>References Long, X., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 781 (2010); Ham, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exper. Ther., 335, 607 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Paraxanthine-d3, is the labeled analogue of Paraxanthine (P192500), an adenosine receptor ligand and a major metabolite of caffeine.<br>References Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 3260 (1981); Cell Mol. Neurobiol., 3, 69 (1983); Eur. J. Pharmacol., 179, 295 (1990)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Memantine Related Compound A (1,3-Dimethyladamantane)<br>Applications 1,3-Dimethyladamantane is a dimethylated adamantane derivative. Memantine impurity A. Memantine Related Compound A (1,3-Dimethyladamantane).<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl 2-Chloracetoacetate is used in the preparation of oxazoles and thiazoles as agonists for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ. It is also used to synthesize dimethylimidazothiadiazolecarbohydrazides with anticancer activities.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Sznaidman, M., et al.: Bioorg. Med. chem. Lett., 13, 1517 (2003); Terzioglu, N., et al.: Eur. J. Med. Chem., 38, 781 (2003)<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Theophylline.<br>References Chen, Y., et al.: Clin. Exper. Pharmacol. Physiol., 36, 828 (2009), Yu, C., et al.: J. Bacteriol., 191, 4624 (2009), Jetter, A., et al.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 65, 411 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Caffeine.<br>References Kalow, W., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 53, 503 (1993), Sharma, S., et al.: Cancer Res., 54, 5848 (1994), Sugawara, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 16473 (2000), Takeda, M., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 302, 666 (2002),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Febuxostat (F229000). Xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor. Used for treatment of hyperuricemia and chronic gout.<br>References Osada, Y., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 241, 183 (1993), Okamoto, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 1848 (2003), Mayer, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Therap., 12, 22 (2005), Tomlinson, B., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 6, 1168 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications 8-Descarboxamido-8-cyano Temozolomide is a useful synthetic intermediate in the synthesis of Temozolomide (T017775); an imidazotetrazine alkylating agent and antineoplastic.<br>References Newlands, E.S., et al.: Cancer Treat. Rev., 23, 35 (1997); Kim, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 274, 1233 (1999); Hait, W., et al.: Cancer Res., 69, 1263 (2009); Wang, Y., et al.: J. Org. Chem., 62, 7288 (1997)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Methotrexate EP Impurity I<br>Applications Methotrexate α-methyl ester is an impurity of Methotrexate (M260675), a folic acid antagonist. Used as a antineoplastic and antirheumatic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Freeman, M.V., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 122, 154 (1958), Weinblass, M.E., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 818 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Methotrexate (M260675). A Folic acid antagonist. Used as a antineoplastic and antirheumatic.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Freeman, M.V., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 122, 154 (1958), Weinblass, M.E., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 312, 818 (1985),<br></p>

<p>Applications 1,2,3,9-Tetrahydro-3-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-9-methyl-4H-carbazol-4-one is an metabolite of Ondansetron (O655000), is a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist that has been introduced to clinical practice as an antiemetic for cancer treatment-induced and anesthesia-related nausea and vomiting.<br>References Kris, M.G., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 6, 659 (1988), Faris, P..L., et al.: Lances, 355, 792 (2000), Ye, J.H., et al.: CNS Drug Reviews., 7, 199 (2001);<br></p>

<p>Applications S(+)-N-(2-(2-Thienyl)ethyl)-2-chlorophenyl Glycine Methyl Ester Hydrochloride is an impurity from Clopidogrel (C587250) which acts as an anti-platelet agent.<br>References Zhu, Y. et al.: ACS. Med. Chem. Lett., 4, 349 (2013); Feuerstein, G., et al.: Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 4, 425 (1995)<br></p>

<p>Impurity Allopurinol EP Impurity B / Allopurinol USP Related Compound B<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 3-(Formylamino)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (Allopurinol EP Impurity B) is an impurity of Allopurinol (A547300) with inhibitory effects on human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase.<br>References Krenitzky, T.A. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 244, 1263 (1969);<br></p>

<p>Applications Impurity of Allopurinol (A547300), an xanthine oxidase inhibitor used in treatment of hyperuricemia and chronic gout. Antiurolithic.<br>References Benezra, S.A., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 7, 1, (1978), Dalbeth, N., et al.: Rheumatology, 44, 1090 (2005), Dinarello, C., et al.: J. Exp. Med., 201, 1355 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Xanthine derivative with diuretic, cardiac stimulant and smooth muscle relaxant activities; isomeric with theobromine. Small amounts occur in tea. Bronchodilator.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Cohen, J.L., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 4, 466 (1975), Svedmyr, K., et al.: Allergy, 37, 111 (1982),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled nonionic radiocontrast medium. Diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium).<br>References Drayer, B., et al.: Am. J. Neuroradiol., 3, 59 (1982), Molyneux, A.J., et al.: Br. J. Radiol., 55, 117 (1982), Sovak, M., et al.: Radiology, 142, 115 (1982), Felder, E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 115 (1988),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ethyl 2-(3-Cyano-4-isobutoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-thiazolecarboxylate is an impurity of Febuxostat (F229000), a xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor. Used for treatment of hyperuricemia and chronic gout. 40-120 mg/day febuxostat was proven effective in lowering serum urate levels when administered to manage hyperuricemia in patients with gout.<br>References Vallu, V., et. al.: Anal. Chem. Indian J., 14, 339 (2014); Osada, Y., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol., 241, 183 (1993); Okamoto, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 1848 (2003); Mayer, M.D., et al.: Am. J. Therap., 12, 22 (2005); Tomlinson, B., et al.: Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs, 6, 1168 (2005)<br></p>

<p>Applications 1-Bromo-3,5-dimethyladamantane (cas# 941-37-7) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Applications Lablled Caffeine (C080100). Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a stimulant drug and a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Caffeine is found in varying quantities in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants. In humans, caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. Caffeine is a cardiac and respiratory stimulant; diuretic. Caffeine is toxic at sufficiently high doses.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Zubair, U.M., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 15, 71 (1986); Cherrah, Y., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 37, 1311 (1988);<br></p>

<p>Applications A metabolite of Zolmitriptan (Z639000).<br>References Buckingham, J., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 38, 3566 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications A fluorescent analog of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide as a coenzyme for glutamate dehydrogenase.<br>References Gafni, A., et al.: Biochemistry, 20, 6041 (1981), Creedon, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 269, 16364 (1994), Seley, K., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 6, 797 (1998),<br></p>

<p>Applications Nucleoside analog; specific inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Antiviral.<br>References Standring, D.N., et al.: Antiviral. Chem. Chemother., 12, 119 (2001), Hernandez-Santiago, B., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 46, 1728 (2002), Lai, C.-L., et al.: Hepatology, 40, 719 (2004), Han, S.-H.B., et al.: Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs, 14, 511 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscoipic<br>Applications 4,6-Dihydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine is a major metabolite of Allopurinol (A547300). It is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.<br>References Pacher, P., et al.: Pharmacol. Rev., 58, 87 (2006); Marro, P., et al.: Brain Res., 650, 9 (1994); Abramov, A., et al.: J. Neurosci., 27, 1129 (2007); Day, R., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 46, 623 (2007);<br></p>