Flavonoids and Polyphenols

<p>Applications Chrysoeriol is a methoxyflavonoid that selectively inhibits the formation of a carcinogenic estrogen metabolite in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. A metabolite of Luteolin (L475000).<br>References Takemura, H. et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 118, 70 (2010); Petroianu, G. et al.: Open Med. Chem. J., 3, 1 (2009); Takemura, H. et al.: Toxicology, 274, 42 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Honokiol is a small-molecule polyphenol isolated from the genus Magnolia. Recent studies show that Honokiol displays antiangiogenic, antiinflammatory, and antitumor properties in preclinical models, without appreciable toxicity. Honokiol has been shown to inhibit the bone metastatic growth of human prostate cancer cells.<br>References Fried, L.E. et al.: Antioxid. Redox Signal,. 11, 1139 (2009); Chen, X.R. et al.: Int. J. Oral Sci., 3, 34 (2011); Shigemura, K. et al.: Cancer, 109, 1279 (2007); Bai, X. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 35501 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isoferulic Acid 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is the glucuronide conjugate of Isoferulic Acid (H946180). Isoferulic Acid 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is one of the circulating metabolites in human plasma after coffee consumption.<br>References Fumeaux, R. et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 8, 5199 (2010); Redeuil, K. et al.: J. Chrom. A, 1218, 4678 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-p-Coumaric Acid is the E-isomer of p-Coumaric Acid (C755365), a hydroxy derivative of Cinnamic Acid with antioxidant properties. p-Coumaric acid is a is a major component of lignocellulose. Studies suggest that p-Coumaric Acid may reduce the risk of cancer by reducing the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines.<br>References Kikugawa, K. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 1, 780 (1983); Ferguson, L.R. et al.: Mol. Nutrit. Food Res., 585 (2005); Chung, F.L. et al.: IARC Sci. Pub., 57, 797 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Hydroxybenzophenone-d4 is an isotopic analog of 4-Hydroxybenzophenone (H829305), a metabolite of benzophenone (B204980).<br>References Stocklinski, A. et al. Life Sciences 26, 365(1980)<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications Quercetin 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is the major metabolite of Quercetin (Q509500).<br>References Ajay, M., et al.: Life Sci., 74, 603 (2003), Shen, S., et al.: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 197, 84 (2004), Amira, S., et al.: Eur. J. Pharmacol. 599, 126 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Feruloylputrescine is an effector of plant root systems, influencing development of nutrient gathering root systems. Inhibition of the formation of this compound causes the development of a dominant or ‘tap’ root.<br>References Ben-Hayyim G. et al.: FEBS Lett., 4, 145 (1994);<br></p>

<p>Applications A protected caffeine metabolite with high antioxidant activity. It is a very sensitive biomarker for the consumption of relatively small amount of coffee.<br>References Buchanan, C., et al.: J. Sci. Food Agric., 71, 459 (1996), Andreasen, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 5679 (2001), Poquet, L., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 36, 190 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Methyleugenol is a phenylpropene that is commonly found in plants such as nutmeg, pimento, lemongrass, tarragon, basil, star anise, and fennel. Methyleugenol has been shown to inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in the human colon carcinoma cell line HT29. Compounds that exhibit HDAC-inhibitory properties or disrupt the HDAC complex have potential applications in cancer therapy and chemoprevention. In addition, Methyleugenol is a flavoring agent often used in consumer products such as jellies, baked goods, beverages,chewing gums, ice cream, and fragrance.<br>References Groh, I. A., et al.: J Nutr Metab. 2013, 821082 (2013); R. L. Smith, et al.: Food Chem Toxicol 40, 851 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Eugenol is used in perfumes, flavorings, and essential oils. It is also used as a local antiseptic and anaesthetic. Eugenol is a dental compound which shows cytotoxicity to human oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral cells. When glucosylated, this compound exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.<br>References Koh, T. et al.: In Vivo, 27, 85 (2013); Zhang, P. et al.: Arch. Pharm. Res., 36, 109 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications It is an alkaloid isolated from Radix et Rhizoma Leonticis. It shows various pharmaceutical properties: bacteriostatic, wound healing, cytotoxicity, immunosuppression, acetilcholinesterase inhibition, and inhibition of the activity of tumor angiogenesis.<br>References Perdue, G.P., et al.: J. Pharm. Sci., 68, 124 (1979), Tsacheva, I., et al.: J. Biosci., 59, 528 (2004), Zhang, Y., et al.: Cancer Lett., 262 103 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Applications Isochlorgenic Acid is shown to provide antioxidant and DNA-protective activities.<br>References Xu, J. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 11625 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled 2-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (B699300). 2-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole shows insecticidal activity.<br>References Newberne, P., et al.: Food Technol., 54, 66 (2000), Passone, M., et al.: Food Control, 19, 364 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Urolithin M7 is an intestinal microbial metabolite of ellagitannins.<br>References Garcia-Villalba, R., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 61, 8797 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Scopoletin 7-O-glucoside is a derivative of Scopoletin (S200500), a common constituent found in a variety of plants that has potential to regulate hyperthyroidism in rats. Scopoletin 7-O-glucoside is a compound that is obtained from the methanolic extract of the fresh underground parts of the flower Scopolia japonica.<br>References Okamura, S., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 40, 2981 (1992); Panda, S. &amp; Kar, A.: Phytother. Res., 20, 1103 (2006)<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol is used as a broad range pesticide against insects, fungi, vegetation and bacteria. It has become a common environmental contaminant and probable human carcinogen.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Amer, S. et al.: Cytologia, 39, 633 (1974); Xu, X. wt l.: Occup. Environ. Med., 68, 557 (2011); Sinclair, C.J. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 4617 (2003);<br></p>

<p>Applications Urolithin A is a major metabolite of ellagitannin and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.<br>References Ishimoto, H., et. al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 5901 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive<br>Applications A metabolite of cis Resveratrol.<br>References Schroder, H., et al.: Clin. Nutr., 20, 429 (2001), Yu, C., et al.: Pharm. Res., 19, 1907 (2002), Rimando, A., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 4713 (2004), Walle, T., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 32, 1377 (2004), Ito, H., et al.: Br. J. Nutr., 94, 500 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled analogue of Tetrahydro Curcumin, a major metabolite of Curcumin (C838500) that has been shown to have protective effects against diabetes and vascular dysfunction via alleviation of oxidative stress.<br>References Namareoung, S. et al.: Naun.-Schmied. Arch. Pharmacol.,383, 519 (2011); Kartileksan, K. et al.: J. Func. Foods, 2, 134 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications A bactericide detected in rivers and lakes.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Lindstrom, A., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 2322 (2002)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Vitexin is a phenolic glycoside drug that shows anti-stress activity. It also shows possible application as an anti-diabetic.<br>References Gupta, P. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 1116 (2013); Tao, Y. et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 78, 190 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Allyl Bromide is used as a reagent in the synthesis of Resveratrol derivatives. Resveratrol (R150000) is a minor constituent of wine, correlated with serum lipid reduction and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Resveratrol is a specific inhibitor of COX-1, and it also inhibits the hydroperoxidase activity of COX-1. It has been shown to inhibit events associated with tumor initiation, promotion and progression.<br> E0<br>References Powell, R.G., et al.: Phytochemistry, 35, 335 (1994), Jeandet, P., et al.: J. Phytopathol., 143, 135 (1995), Mattivi, F., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 1820 (1995); Mulakayala, C. et al.: J. Mol. Graph. Model., 41, 43 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Impurity Diosmin EP Impurity E<br>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Linarine (Diosmin EP Impurity E) is a naturally occurring flavone glycoside that was identified to possess potential sedative and anticonvulsant properties.<br>References Nugroho, A., et al.: Arch. Pharma. Res., 36, 51 (2013); Jung, H.A., et al.: Arch. Pharma. Res., 35, 1021 (2012); Shen, H.J., et al.: J. Med. Plants. Res., 5, 6555 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications An anthocyanin responsible for red pigment in fruits and berries. It is an antioxidant, protecting the cell against damage from SOD.<br>References Riihinen, K., et al.: Food Chem., 110, 156 (2008), Khanizadeh, S., et al.: J. Food Comp. Anal., 21, 396 (2008), Viskelis, P., et al.: J. Food Sci., 74, C157 (2009), Comeskey, D., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 57, 2035 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications An antioxidant flavenoid.<br>References Dixon, D., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 285, 36322 (2010), Sheu, M., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 58, 1187 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Applications Triclosan O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of the bacteriostat, Triclosan (T774250).<br>References Moss, T. et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 38, 361 (2000); Wu, J. et al.: Sepu, 27, 724 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications Hydroxylated flavone derivative with strong anti-oxidant and radical scavenging properties. Suggested to play a role in cancer prevention.<br>References Shimoi, L., et al.: Carcinogenesis, 15, 2669 (1994), Bors, W., et al.: Meth. Enzymol., 234, 420 (1994)Merck Index 12th ed. 5641<br></p>