Flavonoids and Polyphenols

<p>Impurity Diosmin EP Impurity D<br>Applications 6-Iodo Diosmin (Diosmin EP Impurity D) is a Diosmin (D485200) impurity.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Urolithin C is used in biological studies to evaluate the metabolite antioxidant activity.<br>References Ishimoto, H., et. al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 21, 5901 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Phenyl-2-propanol is an important raw material and intermediate used in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyestuff.<br>References Kostjuk, S.V., et al.: Eur. Polym. J., 43, 968-979 (2007); Liu, X., et al.: J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 252, 176-180 (2006);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Labelled Tyrosol (T947800) metabolite.<br>References Perez-Trujillo, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 9129 (2010), Gregus, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 53, 674 (2010), Garcia-Villalba, R., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 398, 463 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications Minor constituent of wine, correlated with serum lipid reduction and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Resveratrol is a specific inhibitor of COX-1, and it also inhibits the hydroperoxidase activity of COX-1. It has been shown to inhibit events associated with tumor initiation, promotion and progression.<br>References Powell, R.G., et al.: Phytochemistry, 35, 335 (1994), Jeandet, P., et al.: J. Phytopathol., 143, 135 (1995), Mattivi, F., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 1820 (1995),<br></p>

<p>Applications Silydianin is an active constituent of Silybium marianum and is known the exhibit anti-inflammatory activity which regulates caspase-3 activation which affects cell membranes and acts as a free radical scavenger.<br>References Zlelinska-Przyyjemska, M., et al.: Phytother. Res., 20, 115 (2006); Milan, M., et al.L Anal. Chimica. Acta., 486, 125 (2003); Liu, Y.Z., et al.: Chin. Herb. Med., 4, 237 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications Chlorophyllin Copper Trisodium Salt, is a water soluble derivative of Chlorophyll (C379880), which has shown to have has been shown to have both anticarcinogenic and antigenotoxic properties.<br>References Grossi, M., et al.: Toxicology Lett., et al.: 214, 235 (2012); Prasad, K., et al.: Curr. Res. Chem., 3, 98 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isoferulic Acid 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is the glucuronide conjugate of Isoferulic Acid (H946180). Isoferulic Acid 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide is one of the circulating metabolites in human plasma after coffee consumption.<br>References Fumeaux, R. et al.: Org. Biomol. Chem., 8, 5199 (2010); Redeuil, K. et al.: J. Chrom. A, 1218, 4678 (2011);<br></p>

<p>Applications 5-O-(E)-Feruloylquinic Acid is a phenolic acid with potential antioxidant and antifungal activities. Secondary metabolite in the coffee brewing process.<br>References Matei, M. et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 60, 12105 (2012); Dokli, I. et al.: Tetrahedron Asymm., 24, 785 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Isovitexin is known as a flavones, a class of flavonoids. Isovitexin have been studied for their antiradical activities in the process of metabolisms. Isovitexin have also been studied for beneficial effcts against atherosclerosis, osteoporosis and certain cancers.<br>References Cermak, R., et al.: Expert. Opin. Drug. Metab. Toxicol., 4, 17 (2008); Ma, X., et al.: J. Agri. Food. Chem., 60, 10844 (2012); Li, H., et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 2942, (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications [6]-Shogaol is an aromatic constituent of ginger and the chain-dehydroxylated analog of [6]-Gingerol. [6]-Shogaol has activity very similar to [6]-Gingerol and produced an inhibition of spontaneous motor activity, antipyretic and analgesic effects, and prolonged hexobarbital-induced sleeping time. [6]-Shogaol also has potent antitussive activity and affected the cortical EEG.<br>References Suekawa, M. et al.: J. Pharm-Dyn., 7, 836 (1984); Yoshikawa, M. et al.: Chem. Pharmac. Bull., 40, 2239 (1992);<br></p>

<p>Applications A natural phenolic compound. Potent anti-tumor agent having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Induces apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibits phorbol ester-induced protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Reported to inhibit production of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Potent inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase and IκB kinase. Inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase. Easily penetrates into the cytoplasm of cells, accumulating in membranous structures such as plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope.Curcumin is currently being examined as a possible therapeutic for the treatment of Alzheimers disease. Neuroprotective. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Srinivasan, et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 5, 448 (1953), Tu, B., et al.: J .Cell Biol., 164, 341 (2004), Xu, G., et al.: Biochemistry, 44, 9817 (2005), Johnson, J., et al.: Cancer Lett., 255, 170 (2007), Chem. and Eng. News 90(31), 44 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications Gallic Acid exhibits a number of cellular effects including apoptosis and inhibits the growth of calf pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (CPAEC);Also, it is a polyphenol widely found in numerous fruits and vegetables that has been reported to exert anticancer effects, including apoptosis, against cancer cell lines.<br>References Park, W. H.: Mol. Med. Rep., 16, 7805-7812 (2017); Yang, C., et al.: RSC Adv., 8, 12449-12458 (2018)<br></p>

<p>Applications Chloroxylenol is an antiseptic and germicide. Chloroxylenol is used for mildew prevention. Chloroxylenol is also an antibacterial; antiseptic (topical and urinary).<br>References Heberer, T., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 131, 5 (2002), Nikolaou, A., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 387, 1225 (2007), Focazio, M., et al.: Sci. Total Environ., 402, 201 (2008), Miege, C., et al.: Environ. Pollut., 157, 1721 (2009),<br></p>