Flavonoids and Polyphenols

Applications 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol is used as a broad range pesticide against insects, fungi, vegetation and bacteria. It has become a common environmental contaminant and probable human carcinogen.
References Nunes, C., et al.: J. Env. Biol., 29, 733 (2008), Carucci, A., et al.: Water Sci. Technol., 58, 309 (2008), Fu, W., et al.: Env., Toxicol., Chem., 28, 1372 (2009), Osborne, R., et al.: Biochem., 48, 4231 (2009), Campoy, S., et al.: Env. Microbiol., 11, 99 (2009),

Applications A major component of green coffee the extracts of which promote weight loss in overweight and obese people. Chlorogenic Acid is an important intermediate in lignin biosynthesis. Chlorogenic Acid is an antioxidant and an inhibitor of the tumor promoting activity of phorbol ester. It has protective effect against streptozotocin-nicotinamide generated oxidative stress induced diabetes and may also protect against cardiovascular disease.
References Chem. and Eng. News p. 20 April 15, 2013; Karthikesan, K. et al.: J. Func. Foods, 2, 134 (2010); Lincoln, W.M. et al.: Clin. Exp. Phamacol. Physiol., 27, 152 (2000); Gamborg, O.L. et al.: Can. J. Biochem., 45, 1451 (1967);

Applications Labelled Chloroxylenol. Chloroxylenol is an antiseptic and germicide. Chloroxylenol is used for mildew prevention. Chloroxylenol is also an antibacterial.
References Heberer, T., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 131, 5 (2002); Nikolaou, A., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 387, 1225 (2007); Focazio, M., et al.: Sci. Total Environ., 402, 201 (2008); Miege, C., et al.: Environ. Pollut., 157, 1721 (2009);

Applications Chloroxylenol is an antiseptic and germicide. Chloroxylenol is used for mildew prevention. Chloroxylenol is also an antibacterial; antiseptic (topical and urinary).
References Heberer, T., et al.: Toxicol. Lett., 131, 5 (2002), Nikolaou, A., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 387, 1225 (2007), Focazio, M., et al.: Sci. Total Environ., 402, 201 (2008), Miege, C., et al.: Environ. Pollut., 157, 1721 (2009),

Applications Galangin is a flavanoid found in Alpinia officinarum, galangal rhizome (Alpinia galanga) and in propolis. Galangin has been show to inhibit proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells as well as delay of mammary tumorigenesis.
References So, F.V. et al.: Nutrit. Cancer, 26, 167 (1996); So, F. et al.: Cancer Lett., 112, 127 (1997); Ciolino, H.P. et al.: Br. J. Cancer, 79, 1340 (1999);

Applications Phenolphthalein can be used as an inhibitor and pH indicator. It also induces centrosome amplification and tubulin depolymerization in vitro.
References Matsumoto, Kaori., et al.: Eur. J. Drug Metab. Ph., (2014); Heard, Pamela L., et al.: Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 54(5), 308-316 (2013)

Applications An isoflavone with anticancer proliferation, differentiation and chemopreventitive properties. Inhibits metabolic activation of benzo[a]pyrene.
References Chae, Y.H., et al.: Chem. Biol. Interactions, 82, 181 (1992), Jing, Y. and Waxman, S.: Anticancer Res., 15(4), 1147 (1995)

Applications RIBOFLAVINE TETRABUTYRATE (cas# 752-56-7) is a useful research chemical.

Applications Triclosan O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of the bacteriostat, Triclosan (T774250).
References Moss, T. et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 38, 361 (2000); Wu, J. et al.: Sepu, 27, 724 (2009);

Applications A bactericide detected in rivers and lakes.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Lindstrom, A., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 2322 (2002)

Applications Hexahydrocurcumin-d6 is an isotope labelled degradation product of Curcumin (C838500), a dietary anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive agent consisting of two methoxyphenol rings connected by a conjugated heptadienedione chain.
References Gordon, D.N., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 290, 4817 (2015);

Applications Exhibits specific inhibitory activity against tyrosine kinases,including autophosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor kinase (IC50 - 2.6uM). Also inhibits other protein kinases through competitive inhibition of ATP. Inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces tumor cell differentiation. Produces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in Jurat T-leukemia cells. However, it prevents anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced thymic apoptosis. Genistein also inhibits topoisomerase II activity in vitro. Genistein has also been shown to inhibit the action of GABA on recombinant GABAA receptors2. uv(max)ethanol: 262.5 nm (e= 138). moderately sol. in hot alcohol
References Akiyama, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 262, 5592 (1987), O'Dell, T.J., et al.: Nature, 353, 588 (1991), Aharonovits, O., et al.: Biochim Biophys. Acta, 1112, 181 (1992), Platanias, L.C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 24053 (1992), Yoshida, H., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1137, 321 (1992), Uckun, F.M., et al.: Science, 267, 886 (1995)Merck Index 12th ed. 43952. Huang, R.Q.; Fang, M.J.; Dillon, G.H., Mol. Brain Res. 67: 177-183 (1999)

Applications Harpagoside is an iridoid glycoside along with with Harpagide (H105270), the potential to be strong anti-inflammatory agents providing the bulk of the observed effects from their plant origins.
References Zhang, L. et al.: Bioorg Med. Chem., 19, 4882 (2011); Wen, B. et al.: J. Ethnopharm., 147, 503 (2013);

Impurity Diosmin EP Impurity E
Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Linarine (Diosmin EP Impurity E) is a naturally occurring flavone glycoside that was identified to possess potential sedative and anticonvulsant properties.
References Nugroho, A., et al.: Arch. Pharma. Res., 36, 51 (2013); Jung, H.A., et al.: Arch. Pharma. Res., 35, 1021 (2012); Shen, H.J., et al.: J. Med. Plants. Res., 5, 6555 (2011);

Applications Allyl Bromide is used as a reagent in the synthesis of Resveratrol derivatives. Resveratrol (R150000) is a minor constituent of wine, correlated with serum lipid reduction and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Resveratrol is a specific inhibitor of COX-1, and it also inhibits the hydroperoxidase activity of COX-1. It has been shown to inhibit events associated with tumor initiation, promotion and progression.
E0
References Powell, R.G., et al.: Phytochemistry, 35, 335 (1994), Jeandet, P., et al.: J. Phytopathol., 143, 135 (1995), Mattivi, F., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 1820 (1995); Mulakayala, C. et al.: J. Mol. Graph. Model., 41, 43 (2013);

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Cannflavin A exhibits cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition; some of its constituents have anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential.
References Evans, A.; et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol, 36, 2035 (1987)

Applications Imperatorin (cas# 482-44-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Applications Paeoniflorin is an active compound of the Paeonia root. Paeoniflorin inhibits Aβ25-35-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, which includes decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c release and activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Paeoniflorin could attenuate or restore the viability loss, apoptotic increase, and ROS production induced by Aβ25-35 in SH-SY5Y cells.
References Yuan,Y., et. al.: Int. J. Mol. Sci., 14, 18502 (2013); Wang, K., et. al.: Cell Mol. Neurobiol., 34, 227 (2014)

Applications Triclosan is used as bactericide and preservative for cosmetic and detergent compositions (1). Broadly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant (2).This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs). Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3 (CCL 3) compound as per United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Environmental contaminants; Food contaminants.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References 1. Lindström, A. et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002 Jun 1;36(11):2322-9. 2. Ruszkiewicz, J. et al.: J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B. Crit. Rev. 2017;20(2):104-117.

Applications The demethoxy derivative of Curcumin (C838500) that regulates anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative responses through a ROS-independent mechanism. It attenuates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through down-regulation of the transcriptional coactivator p300.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Ryu, M.J. et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 377, 1304 (2008); Sandur, S.K. et al.: Carcinogenesis, 28, 1765 (2007); Huang, T. et al.: J. Agric. Food. Chem., 58, 10639 (2010);

Applications 1-Methoxy-4-(1E)-1-propen-1-ylbenzene is a component of essential oils extracted from natural sources. It is also a possible inhibitor of protein kinase CK2α and CK2α’.
References Liang, Zhi-yuan, et al.: Shizhen Guoyi Guoyao, 25(7), 1602-1604 (2014);Benelli, Giovanni, et al.: Indus. Crops and Prod., 124, 236-243 (2018);Baier, Andrea, et al.: Phytochem., 136, 39-45 (2017)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Vitexin is a phenolic glycoside drug that shows anti-stress activity. It also shows possible application as an anti-diabetic.
References Gupta, P. et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 21, 1116 (2013); Tao, Y. et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 78, 190 (2013);

Applications 1,5-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid acts as an anti-hyperlipidemic agent. In addition, acts as a neuroprotective agent against amyloid-β toxicity in the treatement of Alzheimer’s.
References Gray, N. et al.: J. Alz. Dis., 40, 359 (2014); Liu, H. et al.: J. App. Pharm. Sci., 3, 016 (2013);

Applications 7-Hydroxy Coumarin-d5 is the labeled analogue of 7-Hydroxy Coumarin (H924875), a metabolite of Coumarin that is present in many plants and is the aglucon of skimmin.
References Schilling, et al.: Nature, 221, 664 (1969); Indahl, S., et al.: Xenobiotica, 1, 13 (1971); Thompson, S.G., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 18, 264 (1980)

Applications Chrysoeriol is a methoxyflavonoid that selectively inhibits the formation of a carcinogenic estrogen metabolite in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. A metabolite of Luteolin (L475000).
References Takemura, H. et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 118, 70 (2010); Petroianu, G. et al.: Open Med. Chem. J., 3, 1 (2009); Takemura, H. et al.: Toxicology, 274, 42 (2010);

Stability Light Sensitive
Applications Chlorophyll b is a photosynthetic pigment used in the absorption of light energy. Chlorophyl b is involved in photosynthesis and absorbs primarily blue light. Dyes and metabolites.
References Scordino, M., et al.: Ingre. Aliment., 11, 18, 2012; Felming, I.: Nature, 216, 151 (1967); Woodward, R.B. et al.: Tetrahedron, 46, 7599 1990); Chen, M. et al.: Sciemce, 319, 1318 (2010); Gitelson, A.A. et al.: Rem. Sens. Environ., 69, 296 (1999);