Flavonoids and Polyphenols

<p>Applications Eugenol Acetate is a constituent of Clove oil, an essential oil from the clove plant, Syzygium aromaticum. Clove oil is a natural analgaesic and antiseptic used primarily in dentistry for its main ingredient Eugenol. Clove oil can also be purchased in pharmacies over the counter, as a home remedy for dental pain relief, mainly toothache; it is also often found in the aromatherapy section of health food stores.<br>References Ito, M., eet al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 43, 461 (2005); Kikuzaki, H., et al.: J. Nat. Prod., 63, 749 (2000); Manach, C., et al.: Curr. Opin. Lipidol., 16, 77 (2005),; Auclair, S., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56, 5558 (2008);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Urolithin M7 is an intestinal microbial metabolite of ellagitannins.<br>References Garcia-Villalba, R., et al.: J. Agr. Food Chem., 61, 8797 (2013);<br></p>

<p>Applications Labelled Ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid or, in IUPAC nomenclature, 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)prop-2-enoic acid) which is a highly abundant phenolic phytochemical which is present in plant cell walls. It may have significant health benefits through its antioxidant and anti-cancer activity, and may also serve as a precursor in the manufacturing of useful aromatic compounds. Used as an antioxidant.<br>References Smart, M.G., et al.: Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 6, 485 (1979), Chen, C., et al.: J. Food Lipids, 2, 35,1995, Benzie, I., et al.: Anal. Biochem. 239, 70 (1996), Nardini, M., et al.: Food Chem., 79, 119 (2002), Lee, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 2647 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Applications Widely distributed in small amounts in plants. Used as an antioxidant and food preservative.<br>References Smart, M.G., et al.: Aust. J. Plant Physiol., 6, 485 (1979), Chen, C., et al.: J. Food Lipids, 2, 35,1995, Benzie, I., et al.: Anal. Biochem. 239, 70 (1996), Nardini, M., et al.: Food Chem., 79, 119 (2002), Lee, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 2647 (2004),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications rac-Hesperetin 7-O-β-D-Glucuronide is a metabolite of Hesperetin (H289500), which is the main circulating metabolite involved in osteoblast differentiation.<br>References Kim, D., et al.: J. Cell Biochem., 101, 790 (2007), Brand, W., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 36, 1794 (2008)<br></p>

<p>Applications A chemical constituent of volatile oils from Catunaregam spinosa fruits.<br>References Yamaguchi, S., et al.: J. Food Sci., 36, 846 (1971), Ajlouni, S., et al.: Food Flavors, 1865 (1995), Mau, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 45, 4726 (1997),<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Cyanidol 3-Glucoside is a anthocyanin that is naturally occurring in various fruits, vegetable and plants. Cyanidol 3-Glucoside is known to exhibit high antioxidant capacity and neuroprotective effects by triggering mobilization of cellular free sialic acid and utilizing it as an additional biological antioxidant in brain neural cells.<br>References Damar, I., et al.: Food. Chem., 135, 2910 (2012); Kim, S.M., et al.: Life. Sci., 90, 874 (2012); Asada, T., et al.: J. Agri. Chem., 60, 10634 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications (+)-Gallocatechin is antioxidant isomer of (-)-Gallocatechin (G188990), a potential cancer chemopreventive agent that inhibits the growth and adherence of P. gingivalis onto the buccal epithelial cells. An epimer of (-)-Epigallocatechin (E588940).<br>References Rychlik, J., et. al: J. Sci. Food Agr., 95, 1892 (2015); Guo, Q. et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1427, 13 (1999); Sakanaka, S. et al.: Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 60, 745 (1996)<br></p>

<p>Applications The demethoxy derivative of Curcumin (C838500) that regulates anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative responses through a ROS-independent mechanism. It attenuates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway through down-regulation of the transcriptional coactivator p300.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Ryu, M.J. et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 377, 1304 (2008); Sandur, S.K. et al.: Carcinogenesis, 28, 1765 (2007); Huang, T. et al.: J. Agric. Food. Chem., 58, 10639 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Chrysoeriol is a methoxyflavonoid that selectively inhibits the formation of a carcinogenic estrogen metabolite in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. A metabolite of Luteolin (L475000).<br>References Takemura, H. et al.: J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 118, 70 (2010); Petroianu, G. et al.: Open Med. Chem. J., 3, 1 (2009); Takemura, H. et al.: Toxicology, 274, 42 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications 4-Hydroxybenzophenone-d4 is an isotopic analog of 4-Hydroxybenzophenone (H829305), a metabolite of benzophenone (B204980).<br>References Stocklinski, A. et al. Life Sciences 26, 365(1980)<br></p>

<p>Applications A natural phenolic compound. Potent anti-tumor agent having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Induces apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibits phorbol ester-induced protein kinase C (PKC) activity. Reported to inhibit production of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Potent inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase and IκB kinase. Inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cycloxygenase and lipoxygenase. Easily penetrates into the cytoplasm of cells, accumulating in membranous structures such as plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope.Curcumin is currently being examined as a possible therapeutic for the treatment of Alzheimers disease. Neuroprotective. Dyes and metabolites.<br>References Srinivasan, et al.: J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 5, 448 (1953), Tu, B., et al.: J .Cell Biol., 164, 341 (2004), Xu, G., et al.: Biochemistry, 44, 9817 (2005), Johnson, J., et al.: Cancer Lett., 255, 170 (2007), Chem. and Eng. News 90(31), 44 (2012)<br></p>

<p>Applications A major component of green coffee the extracts of which promote weight loss in overweight and obese people. Chlorogenic Acid is an important intermediate in lignin biosynthesis. Chlorogenic Acid is an antioxidant and an inhibitor of the tumor promoting activity of phorbol ester. It has protective effect against streptozotocin-nicotinamide generated oxidative stress induced diabetes and may also protect against cardiovascular disease.<br>References Chem. and Eng. News p. 20 April 15, 2013; Karthikesan, K. et al.: J. Func. Foods, 2, 134 (2010); Lincoln, W.M. et al.: Clin. Exp. Phamacol. Physiol., 27, 152 (2000); Gamborg, O.L. et al.: Can. J. Biochem., 45, 1451 (1967);<br></p>

<p>Applications Silydianin is an active constituent of Silybium marianum and is known the exhibit anti-inflammatory activity which regulates caspase-3 activation which affects cell membranes and acts as a free radical scavenger.<br>References Zlelinska-Przyyjemska, M., et al.: Phytother. Res., 20, 115 (2006); Milan, M., et al.L Anal. Chimica. Acta., 486, 125 (2003); Liu, Y.Z., et al.: Chin. Herb. Med., 4, 237 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A metabolite of isoflavone derivatives. A derivative of Glycitein. Inhibitor.<br>References Whalley, J.L., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 8, 1569 (1998), Song, T., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 47, 1607 (1999),<br></p>

<p>Applications trans-p-Coumaric Acid is the E-isomer of p-Coumaric Acid (C755365), a hydroxy derivative of Cinnamic Acid with antioxidant properties. p-Coumaric acid is a is a major component of lignocellulose. Studies suggest that p-Coumaric Acid may reduce the risk of cancer by reducing the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines.<br>References Kikugawa, K. et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 1, 780 (1983); Ferguson, L.R. et al.: Mol. Nutrit. Food Res., 585 (2005); Chung, F.L. et al.: IARC Sci. Pub., 57, 797 (1984);<br></p>

<p>Applications (E)-Neochlorogenic Acid is an antioxidant compound used in the treatment of oxidative stress and related afflictions.<br>References Wang, J. et al.: Molecules, 19, 21226 (2014); Jimenez-Zamora, A. et al.: LWT-Food Sci. Tech., 61, 12 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications Coumarin is a pharmaceutic aid (flavor) that is found in tonka beans, levender oil, woodruff, sweet clover.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Hazleton, L., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 118, 348 (1956); Lake, B., et al.: Food Chem. Toxicol., 37, 423 (1999); Frerot, E., et al.: Flavour Fragrance J., 17, 218 (2002); Yang, Z., et al.: Food Chem., 114, 289 (2009);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2,5-Dichlorophenol is an intermediates in the manufacture of more complex chemical compounds such as fungicides.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Wang, F., et al.: Bull. Enviro. Contamin. Toxicol., 89, 316 (2012); Zhong, W., et al.: J. Hazard. Mat., 217, 286 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Phenyl-2-propanol is an important raw material and intermediate used in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyestuff.<br>References Kostjuk, S.V., et al.: Eur. Polym. J., 43, 968-979 (2007); Liu, X., et al.: J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 252, 176-180 (2006);<br></p>