Nucleosides and Nucleotides

Stability Hygroscopic, Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive
Applications 10-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro Folic Acid Disodium Salt is the disodium salt of F701085, which is a Folic Acid (F680300) derivative. Folic Acid is a vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.10-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro Folic Acid Disodium Salt is also used in the diagnosis and prevention and therapy of cerebral folate dificiency in relation to formation of folate receptor autoantibodies and treatment with reduced folate and antioxidants.
References Slieker, L.J., et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 25, 294-302 (1984); Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010); Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010); Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010); McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010)Ramaekers, WO 2006119589, (2006)

Applications An antineoplastic.
References Hertel, L.W., et al.: Cancer Res., 50, 4417 (1990), Abbruzzese, J.L., et al.: J. Clin. Oncol., 9, 491 (1991), Ruiz, V.W.T., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 46, 762 (1993),

Applications Adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP) is a central component of energy storage, metabolism, and signal transduction in vivo. It serves as a precursor for ATP and, in this capacity, is utilized in a wide number of cellular processes, including respiration, biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division.
References Knowles, J.R., et al.: Annual Reviews of Biochemistry 49, 877-919 (1980); Klingenberg, M., et al.: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1778(10), 1978-2021 (2008);

Applications A constituent of nucleic acids. It was isolated from yeast nucleic acid.
References Parrou, J., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 248, 186 (1997), Phipps, A., et al.: Xenobiotica, 28, 527 (1998), Mohler, R., et al.: Anal. Chem., 78, 2700 (2006),

Stability We have observed that this material decomposes steadily over time. Use immediate
Applications L-Tetrahydrofolic Acid is a folic acid derivative and coenzyme involved in the metabolism of amino and nucleic acids. We have observed that this material decomposes steadily over time. Use immediately upon receipt.
References Prinz-Langenohl, R., et al.: Brit. J. Pharmacol., 158, 2014 (2009), Martin, H., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 402, 137 (2010), Dasarathy, J., et al.: Am. J. Clin. Nut., 91, 357 (2010), Karas-Kuzelicki, N., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 43, 37 (2010),

Impurity Abacavir - In House Impurity
Applications Abacavir Sulfate (Abacavir - In House Impurity) is a carbocyclic 2'-deoxyguanosine nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and an anti-HIV drug used to treat HIV infection (1). Intracellular enzymes convert Abacavir to its active form, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP), which then selectively inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase by incorporating into viral DNA (2). Abacavir is metabolized in the liver by uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase and alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in inactive glucuronide and carboxylate metabolites, respectively.
References (1) Jackson, A., et al.: Antivir Ther. 17, 19 (2012) (2) Yuen, G. J., et al.: Clin Pharmacokinet. 47, 351 (2008)

Applications 6-Methylpterin is a derivative of Folic Acid (F680300) which is a precursor of coenzymes involved in metabolism of various nucleotides and nucleic acids.
References Dantola, M.L. et al.: Photochem Photobiol Sci., 9, 1604 (2010);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.
References Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010), Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010), McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010),

Applications 2-Amino-7-(chloromethyl)pteridin-4(1H)-one is the impurity F of Folic acid (F680300) as per EP monograph.

Applications 5′-Deoxy-5′-(methylthio)adenosine (Methylthioadenosine) may be used as a substrate to study the specificity and kinetics of 5′-methylthioadenosinephosphorylase (MTAP) (EC2.4.2.28), a tumor suppressor gene expressed enzyme that supports the S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and methionine salvage pathways. Methylthioadenosine is used in studies on bacterial quorum sensing pathways that envolve enzymes such as 5′-Methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTAN).
References Pegg, A., et al.: Biochem. J., 115, 241 (1969), Olopade, O., et al.: Cancer Res., 53, 2410 (1993), Hartmann, S., et al.: Clin. Chem., 52, 1127 (2006), Penner, N., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 52, 534 (2010),

Applications A Lamivudine (L172500) intermediate.
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
References Chang, C., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 267, 13938 (1992), Jeong, L., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 36, 181 (1993).

Applications Acetoguanide is a degradation product of the sulfonylurea herbicide Iodosulfuron.
References Pramauro, E., et al.: Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 1790 (1993); Rouchard, J., et al.: Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 85, 103 (2003); Brigante, M., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 5347 (2005);

Applications A vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.
References Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010), Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010), McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010),

Impurity Didanosine EP Impurity E
Applications 2',3'-Anhydroinosine (Didanosine EP Impurity E) is an impurity of the antiviral drug 2’,3’-Dideoxyinosine (D440950).
References Rao, D.V.N. et al.: J. Pharmac. Biomed.Anal., 45, 516 (2007);

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A vitamin needed to synthesize DNA, conduct DNA repair and methylate DNA, it also acts as a cofactor in biological reactions involving folate.
References Xu, L., et al.: Mol. Pharm., 7, 1311 (2010), Everette, J., et al.: J. Agric. Food Chem., 58, 8139 (2010), Alshatwi, A., et al.: Food, Chem., Toxicol., 48, 1881 (2010), McKay, D., et al.: Nut. J., 9 (2010),

Applications 6-Hydroxy-2,4,5-triaminopyrimidine, Sulfate (cas# 35011-47-3) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A cofactor in enzymatic acetyl transfer reactions. It is the source of the phosphopantetheine group that is added as a prosthetic group to proteins such as acyl carrier protein and formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase.
References Strickland K.C. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 285, 1627 (2010); Elovson J. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 243, 3603 (1968);

Applications Canagliflozin is a sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. Canagliflozin has been shown to dose dependently reduce calculated renal threshold for glucose excretion and increase urinary glucose excretion. Canagliflozin is a candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
References Chao, E. et al.: Drug Fut., 36, 351 (2011); Sha, S. et al.: Diab. Obes. Metab., 13, 669 (2011); Kipnes, M.S.: Clin. Invest., 1, 145 (2011);

Applications Acyclovir (A192400) impurity. The L-Valine ester prodrug of Acyclovir.
References Beauchamp, L.M., et al.: Antiviral Chem. Chemother., 3, 157 (1992), Weller, S., et al.: Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 54, 595 (1996), Lowance, D., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 340, 1462 (1999),

Applications A deuterated prodrug of Penciclovir (P221500), which is used as an antiviral.
References Hodge, V.R.A., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 33, 1765 (1989),

Applications N6-Isopentenyladenosine has antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
References Rajabi, M. et al.; DNA Cell Biol.; 29, 687 (2010)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor.
References Kasichayanula, S. et al.: Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 13, 47 (2011)

Applications A metabolite of Ribavirin.
References Allen, L.B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 21, 742 (1978), Zimmerman, T., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 27, 709 (1978), Page, T., et al.: Int. J. Biochem., 22, 379 (1990), Lin, C., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47, 1395 (2003),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A metabolite of the potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 replication, AZT.

Impurity Aciclovir EP Impurity R
Applications Acyclovir Formacetal Dimer is a dimer impurity of Acyclovir (A192400); an orally active acyclic nucleoside with inhibitory activity towards several herpes viruses. Also antiviral. (Aciclovir EP Impurity R)
References Collins, P., et al.: J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 5, 431 (1979); Matsumoto, H., et al.: Chem. Pharm. Bull., 36, 1153 (1988); Whitley, R.J., et al.: N. Engl. J. Med., 327, 782 (1992)

Applications 2prime-Deoxyadenosine is a nucleoside adenosine derivative with mutagenic properties.

Applications Used as an antiviral. Prodrug of Penciclovir (P221500).
References Hodge, V.R.A., et al.: Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother., 33, 1765 (1989),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Labelled Ribavirin (R414475). Purine nucleoside analog; inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). Used as an antiviral agent.This compound is suitable for pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) related research.
References Fernandez, H., et al.: Eur. J. Epidemiol., 2, 1 (1986), Liao, H.J. and Stollar, V.: Antiviral Res., 22, 285 (1993), Honda, Y., et al.: Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 38, 653 (1994), Reichard, O., et al.: Lancet, 351, 83 (1998)

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications The prosthetic group of certain flavoproteins including D-amino acid oxidase, glucose oxidase, glycine oxidase, fumaric hydrogenase, histaminase, and xanthine oxidase. Riboflavin kinase tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 NADPH oxidase.
References DeLuca, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 223, 569 (1956), Yagi, K., et al.: Biochemistry, 19, 1553 (1980), Li, G., et al.: J. Phys. Chem., 112, 4573 (2008),

Applications 6,6'-Thiobis-9H-purine is used in the study of the activity of topoisomerase IIα.
References Jensen, L.H., et al.: Molecular Pharmacology, 70, 1503 (2006);

Stability Hygroscopic, Temperature Sensitive
Applications A metabolite of Adenosine (A280400), a multifunctional nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme of intracellular energy transfer. It transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism.
References Knowles, J., et al.: Annu. Rev. Biochem., 49, 877 (1980),

Applications A naturally occurring purine derivative. Pharmaceuticals, Intermediates & Fine Chemicals
References Jansen, R., et al.: Clin. Biochem., 38, 362 (2005), Vorst, O., et al.: Metabolomics, 1, 169 (2005), Want, E., et al.: ChemBioChem., 6, 1941 (2005), van der Werf, M., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 370, 17 (2007),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications Ademethionine 1,4-Butanedisulfonate is used in the synthesis of sulfonio-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) salts.

Applications (1R,​2R,​5R)​-​2-​Isopropyl-​5-​methylcyclohexanol is used in the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols.
References Magyar, A. et al.: Catal. Lett., 145, 1876 (2015);

Applications Labelled Creatinine. The end product of creatine catabolism. Normal constituent of urine. Also found together with creatine in muscle tissues and blood. Occurs in all soils and in grain seeds and other vegetable matter. Has been found in certain fish and in crab meat extract.
References Folin, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 17, 463 (1914),

Applications Adenosine-3'-monophosphate (cas# 84-21-9) is a useful research chemical.

Applications 4-(Hydroxymethyl)-2’-deoxycytidine is a modified pyrimidine that is capable of producing interstrand cross-links in duplex DNA. 4-(Hydroxymethyl)-2’-deoxycytidine can be analyzed to quantify DNA hydroxymethylation levels in biological samples
References Peng, X. et al.: J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 10299 (2008); Berkner, K. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 252, 3185 (1977); Le, T. et al.: Anal. Biochem., 412, 203 (2011);

Impurity Entecavir EP Impurity A
Applications An epimeric impurity of the antiviral drug Entecavir (E558900).

Applications D-Ribose is produced by microorganism fermentation of glucose in a fermentation culture medium without adding calcium carbonate.
References Ostrowski, S., et al.: Science, 305, 71 (2004), Vavilin, D., et al.: Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1708, 91 (2005), Fletcher, J., et al.: Anal. Chem., 79, 2199 (2007), Weissleder, R., et al.: Nature, 452, 580 (2008),

Applications A 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiester.
References Voegtli, W., et al.: Biochemistry, 39, 15365 (2000), Bernstein, N., et al.: Mol. Cell, 17, 657 (2005), Blondal, T., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 280, 5188 (2005), Shenoy, A., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 365, 211 (2007),

Applications The epimer of the degradation product of Gemcitabine (G305000), a new antitumor agent.
References Anliker, S.L., et al.: J. Pharmaceut. Sci., 83, 716 (1994),

Applications An effective agent for increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) concentrations in mammalian cells.
References Yang, T. et al.: J. Med. Chem., 50, 6458 (2007);

Impurity Fluorouracil EP Impurity D
Applications 5-Methoxyuracil (Fluorouracil EP Impurity D) is methoxylated uracil, a component of nucleid acid. 5-Methoxyuracil is used in the preparation of nucleosides.
References Vorbrueggen, H. et al.: Chem. Ber., 114, 1279 (1981); Novacek, A. et al.: Coll. Czech. Chem. Comm., 32, 1045 (1967);