Free Radicals and Oxidant/Reducing Agents

<p>Visomitin (SKQ1) is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that decreases transmembrane potential and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).</p>

<p>Acifluorfen: PROTOX inhibitor herbicide causing photooxidative damage in plants; may induce liver tumors in rodents.</p>

<p>Tempol (Tanol) is a superoxide scavenger. It has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and analgesic effects.</p>

<p>N-Acetyl-D-cysteine has antioxidant activities and scavenges ROS through the reaction with its thiol group.</p>

<p>L-γ-Glutamyl-S-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl] from Gastrodia elata inhibits kainic acid binding to brain receptors.</p>

<p>ML-210 (CID 49766530) is a glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor. ML-210 has antitumor activity and induces ferroptosis. Cost-effective and quality-assured.</p>

<p>L-Theanine, a unique amino acid from Camellia sinensis tea, induces relaxation without drowsiness.</p>

<p>TRi-1 irreversibly inhibits TXNRD1 (IC50: 12 nM) with low mitochondrial toxicity for cancer treatment.</p>

<p>L-Cysteine: non-essential amino acid, aids protein synthesis, detox, collagen production, skin elasticity, and biochemical metabolism.</p>

<p>JKE-1674 is an orally active glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inhibitor and the active metabolite of ML-210.Cost-effective and quality-assured.</p>

<p>Diethylmaleate (Maleic acid, diethyl ester) is the diethyl ester of maleic acid and a glutathione-depleting compound that inhibits NF-kB.</p>

<p>Nitecapone is a reversible inhibitor of S-COMT (IC50 values of 300 nM in rat liver)</p>

<p>Applications L-Cysteine-glutathione Disulfide (cas# 13081-14-6) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A carrier of nitric oxide, relaxing smooth muscle and inhibiting platelet activation.<br>References Thompson, C., et al.: Toxicol., App. Pharmacol., 233, 355 (2008), Bateman, R., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 283, 35756 (2008), Foster, M., et al.: Biochem., 48, 792 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Ascorbyl Palmitate is an ester formed from ascorbic acid (A786990) and palmitic acid (P144500) creating a fat soluble form of vitamin C. Ascorbyl Palmitate is also used as an antioxidant food additive.<br>References Adhikari, P., et al.: J. Am. Oil. Chemist. Soc., 89, 1961 (2012); Kong, J., et al.: J. Food. Sci., 77, S211 (2012);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications 2-Keto-L-gulonic Acid is used in biological studies for the formation of sorbitol metabolism by Acetobacter melanogenus.<br>References Okazaki, H., et al.: Agric. Biol. Chem., 33, 207 (1969)<br></p>

<p>Stability Unstable in Solution<br>Applications γ-Glu-Cys is used in biological studies for the detection of thiols in yeast by HPLC coupled with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry after derivatization with p-(hydroxymercuri)benzoate.<br>References Rao, Y., et al.: J. Agri. Food Chem., 58, 3 (2010);<br></p>

<p>Applications Ascorbic Acid Acetonide (cas# 15042-01-0) is a compound useful in organic synthesis.<br>References Shibayama, H., et al.: Biosci., Biotechnol., Biochem., 72, 1015 (2008), Choi, H., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 2079 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Edaravone D5 is the labelled compound of Edaravone(E335000). synthesized and used for relative quant. anal. of oligosaccharides by mass spectrometry (MS). Edaravone inhibits the disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Edaravone can significantly enhance IR flap viability and protect flap vessels, which is related to scavenging oxygen free radicals, reducing the consumption of SOD, reducing the extent of lipid peroxidation and inflammation, and protecting functional structure of vessels in the early stages of reperfusion. It also shows protective effects against STZ-induced cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction and altered protein expressions. Its acts like a free radical scavenger, decreased apoptotic cell death, oxidative damage to DNA and lipids, and angiogene<br>References Zhang, Ping, et al.: Anal. Biochem., 418, 1(2011)<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Glutathione may decrease the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-18), neutrophils in lung tissue and increase the level of serum Ca2+ and be useful for the treatment of ANP. Glutathione production is regulated via distinct pathways in stressed and non-stressed cortical neurons. This compound has neuroprotective properties.<br>References Misko, T., et al.: J. Biol. chem., 273, 15646 (1998), Nakamura, K., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 276, 34402 (2001) , Burdo, J., et al.: Brain Res. 1189, 12 (2008).<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications Glutathione-glycine-13C2,15N Trifluoroacetate Salt is the labelled disodium salt derivative of Glutathione (G597951), a tripeptide thiol (composed of L-Cysteine [C995015], Glycine [G615990] and Glutamate) that is found in all cells, possesses an important role in metabolism and protects against reactive oxygen species in the body.<br>References Cooper, A. &amp; Kristal, B.: Biol. Chem., 378, 793 (1997); Meister, A.: Science, 220, 472 (1983);<br></p>

<p>Applications Glutathione-glycine-13C2,15N Disodium Salt, is the labelled disodium salt derivative of Glutathione (G597951), a tripeptide thiol (composed of L-Cysteine [C995015], Glycine [G615990] and Glutamate) that is found in all cells, possesses an important role in metabolism and protects against reactive oxygen species in the body.<br>References Cooper, A. &amp; Kristal, B.: Biol. Chem., 378, 793 (1997); Meister, A.: Science, 220, 472 (1983);<br></p>

<p>Stability Hygroscopic<br>Applications A biomarker for fatty liver disease.<br>References Tsou, P.-S., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 329, 649 (2009), Yu, Y-C., et al.: J. Neurosci. Res., 87, 1884 (2009),<br></p>

<p>Applications Bispyrazolone is an impurity of Edaravone (E335000).<br></p>

<p>Applications An impurity of oxaliplatin which is a coordination complex that is used in cancer chemotherapy.A reducing agent and its conjugate base, known as oxalate (C2O42−), is a useful chelating agent for metal cations.<br>References Wheate, N., et al.: Dalton Trans., 39, 8113 (2010),<br></p>

<p>Stability Moisture Sensitive<br>Applications Erythorbic Acid is used as a food additive as an antimicrobial and antioxidative agent.<br>References Sakagami, H. et al.: Anticanc. Res., 17, 221 (1997); Brahma, B. et al. J. Neurochem., 74, 1263 (2000);<br></p>

<p>Stability Light Sensitive<br>Applications A highly reactive thiol-specific spin-label. A specific conformational probe of thiol site structure by virtue of its minimal rotational freedom and distance from the covalent disulfide linkage to the macromolecule under study.<br>References Huang, H., et al.: Biochem., 47, 12380 (2008), Antoniou, C., et al.: Anal. Biochem., 376, 160 (2008), Padmavathi, P., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 378, 204 (2008),<br></p>

<p>Stability Very Hygroscopic<br>Applications A glutathione derivative as inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase.<br>References Dirr, H., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 196, 693 (1991), Oakley, A., et al.: J. Mol. Biol., 274, 84 (1997), Alcaro, S., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13, 3371 (2005),<br></p>

<p>Applications Potassium Dichromate is toxic if ingested, however has been used in tracing methods. Also, is used in treating patients suffering from COPD and related tracheal secretions.<br> Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package<br>References Frass, M. et al.: Chest., 127, 936 (2005); Mascorro, J. et al.: Stain. Technol., 50, 391 (1975);<br></p>

<p>Applications L-Gulono-1,4-lactone is a precursor in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid, one of the many forms of Vitamin C.<br>References Wolucka, B. et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 278, 47483 (2003); Heller, R. et al.: J. Biol Chem., 274, 8254 (1999);<br></p>

<p>Applications 2-Phospho-L-ascorbic Acid Trisodium Salt is a long-lasting vitamin C derivative used in studies of gene repression. Maximizes the benefical properties of vitamins C for personal care and a main active ingredient in medicated cosmetics for whitening. Also, it is substrate in the chromoamperometric method to detect tungsten in water.<br>References Fuchihata, M.: Frag. J., 43, 64-68 (2015); Alvarado-Gamez, A. L., et al.: Sens., 15, 2232-2243 (2015);<br></p>

<p>Applications The reversibly oxidized form of ascorbic acid.<br>References Moubasher, et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 176, 633 (1948), Sy, K., et al.: J. Food Prot., 68, 1176 (2005), Llorach, R., et al.: Food Chem., 2008, 108, 1028 (2008),<br></p>