Sulfonamides and Derivatives

Applications A major metabolite of Sulfadiazine.
References Woolley, J., et al.: Drug Metab. Dispos., 7, 94 (1979), Nielsen, P., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 35, 2509 (1986), Anari, M., et al.: Anal. Chem., 76, 823 (2004), Edlund, P., et al.: J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 34, 1079 (2004),

Impurity Acetazolamide Disulphide Impurity
Applications bis(2-Acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl) Disulfide is an impurity of Acetazolamide (A161500), a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Diuretic. (Acetazolamide Disulphide Impurity)
References Srinivasu, P., et. al.: J. Pharmaceut. Biomed. Anal., 52, 142 (2010); Vitale, R., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 5990 (2009); Bell, H., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 297, R370 (2009); Maresca, A., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 19, 4929 (2009); Liu, Y., et al.: Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 395, 591 (2009)

Applications Bumetanide Butyl Ester is an intermediate in the preparation of Bumetanide
References Petzinger, E., et al.: Am. J. Physiol., 265, G942 (1993);

Impurity Paracetamol EP Impurity H/ Acetaminophen impurity H
Applications Acetaminophen Acetate is an impurity of Acetaminophen (A161220), an analgesic and antipyretic agent used as a pain reliever to treat headache, muscle aches, and arthritis (1,2,3).
References (1) McGill, M. R. and Jaeschke, H. Pharm Res. 30, 2174 (2013)(2) Fairbrother, J.E., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 3, 1 (1974) (3) Hinson, J.A., et al.: Rev. Biochem. Toxicol., 2, 103 (1980)

Applications Used as an antibacterial.
References Kapoor, V.K., et al.: Anal. Profiles Drug Subs., 17, 571 (1988)

Stability Light Sensitive, Temperature Sensitive
Applications A metabolite of Dapsone.
References Preuss, C.V., et al.: Biochem. Pharmacol., 51, 1661 (1996), F., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 323, 771 (2007), Roychowdhury, S., et al.: Drug Metab. Disposition, 35, 676 (2007), Obach, R., et al.: Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 49, 631 (2008), Veggi, L., et al.: Life Sci., 83, 155 (2008), Khan,

Applications Azoxydapsone is a primary urinary N-oxidation metabolite of Dapsone (D193250); an antibacterial used in the treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis.
References Israili, Z.H., et al.: J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 187, 138 (1973); Cucinell, S.A., et al.: Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 21, 322 (1972); Francis, J., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 5, 565 (1950); Uetrecht, J., et al.: Clin. Dermatol., 7, 111 (1989); Reszka, K., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 22, 1137 (2009); Santos, J., et al.: Bioorg. Med. Chem., 17, 3795 (2009); Varma, M., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 52, 4844 (2009)

Applications Sulfacetamide is an antibiotic used for the treatment of skin infections and urinary tract infections. Sulfacetamide is also used to treat acne and seborrheic dermatitis. Sulfacetamide was investigated for potential anti-inflammatory properties
References Wittwer, M.B., et al.: J. Med. Chem., 56, 781 (2013); Wang. X., et al.: Afr. J. Micriobiol., 6, 4533 (2012); Yu, B., et al.: Euro. J. Med. Chem., 46, 5833 (2011);

Applications Zonisamide-13C2-15N is the labeled analogue of Zonisamide (Z700000), a sulfonamide antiseizure agent; blocks repetitive firing of voltagesensitive sodium channels and reduces voltage-sensitive T-type calcium currents. Heterocyclic methanesulfonide with anticonvulsant properties. The compound is under investigation for potential therapeutic use as an antiepileptic drug. Anticonvulsant.
References Masuda, Y., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 30, 477 (1980); Hammond, E.J., et al.: Gen. Pharmacol., 18, 303 (1987); Schmidt, D., et al.: Epilepsy Res., 15, 67 (1993); Sorkin, E.M., et al.: Drugs, 45, 760 (1993)

Applications The major labelled metabolite of Ibuprofen; may reduce the risk of cataract by protecting lenticular enzymes.
References Bhuyan, K., et al.: Life Sci., 38, 1463 (1986), Blakytny, R., et al.: Biochem. J., 288, 303 (1992),Ganea, E., et al.: Eur. J. Biochem., 231, 181 (1995), Mitchell, J., et al.: Br. J. Pharmacol., 128, 1121 (1999),

Impurity Acemetacin EP Impurity A / Bezafibrate EP Impurity B
Applications A benzoic acid analogue that showed antifungal activity against strains of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus terreus, causative agents of human aspergillosis, in in vitro bioassays. It is used as a preservative.
References Rep, M., et al.: J. Biol. Chem., 275, 8290 (2000), Jaeger, T., et al.: Biofactors, 27, 109 (2006), Kim, J., et al.: Fungal Biology, 114, 817 (2010),

Applications Used as a reference standard for the drug Trimethoprim.Note this compound is a cis / trans mixture.

Impurity Ibuprofen EP Impurity L
Applications 1-Hydroxy Ibuprofen (Ibuprofen EP Impurity L) is a degradation product of Ibuprofen.
References Forrest, J., et al.: Clin. Pharmacokinet., 7(2), 93 (1982), Shockcor, J., et al.: Xenobiotica, 26, 189 (1996), Nicholls, A., et al.: Chem. Res. Toxicol., 14, 975 (2001), Holmes, E., et al.: Toxicol. Sci., 87, 1 (2005),

Applications A metabolite of Dapsone (D193250).
References Shin, I., et al.: J. App. Pharmacol., 10, 193 (2002), Bhaiya, P., et al.: Toxicol. App. Pharmacol., 215, 158 (2006), Paixao, P., et al.: Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 36, 544 (2009),

Impurity Sulfasalazine EP Impurity F
Stability Hygroscopic
Applications A positional isomeric impurity of Sulfasalazine (S699084). Sulfasalazine EP Impurity F
References Zalipsky, J.J. et al.: J. Pharmac. Sci., 67, 387 (1978);

Applications Sulfonamide antiseizure agent; blocks repetitive firing of voltagesensitive sodium channels and reduces voltage-sensitive T-type calcium currents. Heterocyclic methanesulfonide with anticonvulsant properties. The compound is under investigation for potential therapeutic use as an antiepileptic drug. Anticonvulsant. Neuroprotective & Neuroresearch Product.
References Masuda, Y., et al.: Arzneim.-Forsch., 30, 477 (1980), Hammond, E.J., et al.: Gen. Pharmacol., 18, 303 (1987), Schmidt, D., et al.: Epilepsy Res., 15, 67 (1993), Sorkin, E.M., et al.: Drugs, 45, 760 (1993),

Stability Hygroscopic
Applications An active metabolite of Glimepiride (G410150).
References Groop, L., et al.: Diabetes Care, 15, 737 (1992), Muller, G., et al.: Diabetes, 42, 1852 (1993), Kramer, W., et al.: Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 119, 278 (1994),

Applications Acetaminophen Mercapurate Disodium Salt is a metabolite of Acetaminophen (A161220), an analgesic and antipyretic agent used as a pain reliever to treat headache, muscle aches, and arthritis (1,2).
References (1) McGill, M. R. and Jaeschke, H. Pharm Res. 30, 2174 (2013)(2) Potter, D.W. et al.: Mol. Pharmacol., 29, 155 (1986)