Botanical Source

Honokiol has antibacterial, anti-angiogenesis, antidepressant-like, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. It inhibited the activation of Akt and enhances the phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2. It can improve learning, memory impairments and neuroinflammatory processes induced by SCOP in mice, by inhibition of AChE activity.

Berberine hydrochloride (berberine), a natural plant alkaloid derived from Chinese herbal medicine, is characterized by diverse pharmacological effects, such as anticancer and lower elevated blood glucose, it can prevent adhesion by downregulating ICAM-1 and reduce inflammation by inhibiting the TAK1/JNK and TAK1/NF-κB signaling after abdominal surgery, which brings out a good therapeutic approach for the development of clinical application for postoperative abdominal adhesion and inflammation.

Schinifoline has cytotoxic activity, it also shows in vitro radiosensitising, cell cycle and apoptotic-inducing effects.

Decursinol angelate has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and hepatoprotective activities, it inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis via suppression of the VEGFR-2-signaling pathway; it also suppresses invasion and inflammatory activation of cancer cells through modulation of PI3K/AKT, ERK and NF-kappaB, its anti-inflammatory activity may contribute to its anti-cancer activity.Decursinol angelate has protective effects against amyloid β-protein-induced oxidative stress in the PC12 cell line. It improves wound healing by upregulating the expression of genes encoding extracellular matrix remodeling proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. Decursinol angelate has in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast.

Isoanhydroicaritin is a natural product from Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.

Scutellarin has many pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, neuroprotection and antiinflammatory activities. It down-regulates the STAT3/Girdin/Akt signaling in HCC cells, and inhibits RANKL-mediated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in osteoclasts.

Arctiin, a lignan isolated from Arctium lappa (burdock) seeds, has a protective effect on 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) -induced carcinogenesis particularly in the mammary gland in the promotion period, it may have a weak co-carcinogenic influence on MeIQx-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.

Icariin inhibits PDE5 and PDE4 activities with IC50s of 432 nM and 73.50 μM, respectively. Icariin also is a PPARα activator. Icariin has been reported to have anti-hypoxic, phytoestrogenic, anti-osteoporotic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-depressant-like activities. Icariin is effective in the attenuation of AHR and chronic airway inflammatory changes in OVA-induced murine asthma model, and this effect is associated with regulation of Th17/Treg responses. Icariin inhibited NF-κB signaling activation and the NLRP3-inflammasome/caspase-1/IL-1β axis.